LISTENING Task 1 You will hear part of a talk about the protection of animals. Answer questions 1-7, by writing T (for True) or F (for False). 1. Few people attended the talk. 2. There are more kinds of animals on earth than ever before. 3. Over-population is threatening animal species. 4. The zoo does not receive money from government. 5. There is no entrance fee for friends of the zoo. 6. You can buy an animal from Winchester Zoo. 7. Adopting a small animal costs 3,000 per year. USE OF ENGLISH Task 2 For questions 1-11, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. People are now more concerned about their environment. One of the most serious (1) problems is pollution in its many forms: air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and nuclear pollution. As the (2) of large cities continues to grow, pollution problems become (3). The air around us becomes (4) as a result of our own activities. The air in big cities is being polluted by traffic and (5). The most dangerous (6) from cars is lead. Water pollution has become a serious problem because factories pour (7) wastes into streams and rivers. The most alarming form of pollution is nuclear pollution. (8) at nuclear power stations cause dangerous health problems. Pollution of the environment (9) human heath. To make the air and water clean we need good (10) and (11) systems. ENVIRONMENT POPULATE BAD POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL POLLUTE POISON ACCIDENTAL THREAT FILTRATE PURIFY Task 3 Complete the passage by using the words and phrases in the list below. Use each item only once. alternative sources harmful nuclear waste polluting efficient cut down on pesticides public transport exhaust fumes research chemicals environment Every day during the rush hour you can see cars stuck in traffic jams sending their (12) up into the atmosphere, (13) our environment. If we had an integrated (14) system with subsidized fares, commuters would be encouraged to leave their cars at home and switch to a more (15) form of transport. It is not only in towns that the quality of life is being threatened. Although farmers say they have to spray (16) on their crops, some experts believe that these (17) could get into the food chain, which will result in a dramatic increase in the number of people affected by cancer and various allergies. More (18) needs to be carried out so that we can (19) the use of (20) chemicals but still produce the food we need.
Potentially the most dangerous threat to the (21) is (22) from power stations. Can it really be stored safely? By developing (23) of energy, such as wind and wave power, we can make our world much safer to live in. Task 4 For questions 24-36, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Dealing with waste plastic Every year people throw (24) millions of tonnes of plastic bottles, boxes and wrapping. These create huge mountains of waste that are extremely hard to get (25) of. Now a new recycling process promises to reduce this problem by turning old plastic (26) new. Scientists have taken (27) long time to develop their ideas because waste plastic has always been a bigger problem (28) substances like waste paper. You can bury plastic, but it takes many years to break down. If you burn it, it just becomes another form of pollution. A (29) products, for example bottles, can be re-used, but it is expensive or difficult to do this (30) a lot of plastic products. Now a group of companies has developed a new method (31) recycling that could save almost (32) plastic waste. Nearly every type of waste plastic can be used: it does (33) have to be stored. In addition, labels and ink may be left (34) the products. Everything is simply mixed together (35) heated to more than 400 degrees centigrade (36) that it melts. It is then cooled, producing a waxy substance that can be used to make new plastic products, including computer hardware. Task 5 For questions 37-51, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct put a tick ( ), if a line has a word which should not be there, write the word. 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Environmental problems has have become exceptionally acute in the modern world and environmental protection has become a vital necessity for all people. The our planet is in serious danger. One of the most important environmental problems is in the world today is the shortage of clean water. Industrial pollution has been made many sources of water undrinkable. Rivers, lakes and even seas have become poisonous. Thousands of fish die every year as a result of the illegal dumping of waste from in rivers by factories all over the world. Lake Baikal is one of the world s largest and most beautiful lakes. It contains a rich variety of fish and plants, including 1,300 rare species that do not never exist anywhere else in the world. However, they are being killed by the massive industrial waste, which some factories are still pour into the lake every day. A few years ago people were thought that the supply of clean water was limitless. Now clean water is scarce, and we are beginning to respect this precious resource. We must to protect the clean water that remains for the sake of our children and grandchildren. READING Task 6 Read the text. For questions 1-7 chosse the correct answer (1, 2, 3, or 4).
Waste Recycling Waste recycling involves the collection of waste materials and the separation and clean-up of those materials. Recycling waste means that fewer new products and consumables need to be produced, saving raw materials and reducing energy consumption. In the UK, the household and commercial sectors have relatively low recycling rates. This is in comparison to some other wastes, such as construction and demolition waste and sewage sludge. Some of the materials that we can recycle include paper, plastics, metals (such as aluminum cans) and glass. The paper industry generates vast quantities of waste in the form of paper off-cuttings and damaged paper rolls. This paper can be put back into the pulping process and recycled. Although paper makes up over one third of all household waste recycled, this is still no more than about 10% of the total paper consumed. To encourage the public to recycle waste paper, many councils have arranged house to house collection schemes. Separate bins and containers are provided specifically for paper. Approximately 6 to 8% of UK household waste comprises of glass jars and bottles. However, the largest producers of waste glass bottles are hotels and pubs. There are over 20,000 bottle banks in the UK, and they are mainly found in car parks and at supermarkets. There are usually three bottle banks, one for each colour of glass: clear, green and brown. The UK currently recycles about one third of its glass. This is far behind glass recycling rates in other European countries. Switzerland and the Netherlands for example have recycling rates as high as 80%. Plastics make up a large amount of waste, since they are available in numerous forms. In Western Europe the largest amounts of plastic occur in the form of packaging. Plastic waste tends to be sorted by hand, either at a materials recycling facility or the householder can separate it. This may then be taken to a plastic recycling point or collected by the council. The UK produces approximately about 4.5 million tonnes of plastic waste each year. Most of this waste arises from packaging. The UK has a plastics recycling rate of only 3%. In Germany the recycling rate for plastic is 70%. 1. In the UK construction waste is recycled 1. as much as household waste 2. less than household waste 3. more than household waste 4. the same amount as household waste 2. Paper is 1. consumed 10% more than it s recycled 2. one of the third household waste recycled 3. one third of all household waste recycled 4. about 10% of the waste recycled 3. Bottle banks are coloured to 1. recycle different kinds of bottles 2. make life colourful
3. attract the attention of hotels and pubs 4. put the right colour bottle in the right bank 4. Plastics 1. have many forms 2. occur only in the form of packages 3. must be stored by hand 4. Is produced much in the UK 5. The word raw (line 3) means: 1. not finished 2. not cooked 3. not treated 4. not selected 6. The word encourage (line 12) means: 1. to stimulate 2. to pray 3. to make 4. to order 7. The word available (line 22) means: 1. applied 2. manufactured 3. changeable 4. obtainable Task 7 Read the text. For questions 8-11, decide which of the headings (1-5) best summarizes each part (A-D) of the text. There is one extra heading that you do not need to use. 8. Part A 9. Part B 10. Part C 11. Part D 1. The history of hydropower 2. Location of hydropower plants 3. Electricity generation 4. Environmental effects of hydropower 5. The mechanical energy of moving water A Hydropower is the renewable energy source that produces the most electricity in the United States. It accounted for 6% of total U.S. electricity generation and 67% of generation from renewables in 2008. Understanding the water cycle is important to understanding hydropower. In the water cycle: solar energy heats water on the surface, causing it to evaporate, this water vapor condenses into clouds and falls back onto the surface as precipitation (rain, snow, etc.), the water flows through rivers back into the oceans, where it can evaporate and begin the cycle over again.
B The amount of available energy in moving water is determined by its flow or fall. Swiftly flowing water in a big river, like the Columbia River that forms the border between Oregon and Washington, carries a great deal of energy in its flow. Water descending rapidly from a very high point, like Niagara Falls in New York, also has lots of energy in its flow. In either instance, the water flows through a pipe, or penstock, then pushes against and turns blades in a turbine to spin a generator to produce electricity. In a run-of-the-river system, the force of the current applies the needed pressure, while in a storage system, water is accumulated in reservoirs created by dams, then released as needed to generate electricity. C Hydropower is one of the oldest sources of energy. It was used thousands of years ago to turn a paddle wheel for purposes such as grinding grain. Our Nation's first industrial use of hydropower to generate electricity occurred in 1880, when 16 brush-arc lamps were powered using a water turbine at the Wolverine Chair Factory in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The first U.S. hydroelectric power plant opened on the Fox River near Appleton, Wisconsin, on September 30, 1882. Because the source of hydroelectric power is water, hydroelectric power plants must be located on a water source. Therefore, it wasn't until the technology to transmit electricity over long distances was developed that hydropower became widely used. D Hydropower does not pollute the water or the air. However, hydropower facilities can have large environmental impacts by changing the environment and affecting land use, homes, and natural habitats in the dam area. Most hydroelectric power plants have a dam and a reservoir. These structures may obstruct fish migration and affect their populations. Operating a hydroelectric power plant may also change the water temperature and the river's flow. These changes may harm native plants and animals in the river and on land. Reservoirs may cover people's homes, important natural areas, agricultural land, and archeological sites. So building dams can require relocating people. Methane, a strong greenhouse gas, may also form in some reservoirs and be emitted to the atmosphere. For questions 12-15, decide whether the statement agrees with the text: 1, if the statement agrees with the text; 2, if the statement contradicts the text; 3, if there is no information about this in the text. 12. Water evaporation is followed by precipitation after condensing into clouds. 13. Reservoirs are created to apply pressure. 14. Most dams were constructed solely to provide irrigation and flood control. 15. Reservoirs may cover people s homes and other sites with water.