Innovation and and Daylight in in Buildings Prof. Prof. Dr Dr Jean-Louis Scartezzini Solar Solar Energy Energy and and Building Building Physics Physics Laboratory Institute Institute of of Infrastructures, Resources and and Environment Swiss Swiss Federal Federal Institute Institute of oftechnology in in Lausanne Lausanne
Contents Introduction History of Lighting & Sustainable Development Daylighting Resources & Application Potential Daylighting Performance & Design Methods Daylighting Strategies & Building Components Advanced Daylighting Systems Conclusion
Lighting for Mankind Through more than 2 000 Years Daylighting Bays Daylighting Chimneys Daylighting Bays Daylighting Chimneys Horus Temple, Edfu (Egypt) 237 BC
Lighting for Mankind Through Classical and Modern Architecture High Window Sills High Window Sills Skylight Prismatic Panels Winchester Cathedral (UK) XI th Century Loggia del Capitano, Palladio (Vincenza) XVI th Century Marin County Civic Center, FL Wright (USA) 20 th Century
Toward Sustainable Development Office Buildings Ventilation 7% Air Conditioning 8% DHW 5% Electric Lighting 46% Computers 34% Administrative Centre
Toward Sustainable Development Commercial Buildings Retail Centre Other Appliances 30% Ele ctr ic Lighting 33% Aliments Cooling 12% Air Conditioning 6% Ventilation 13% Lifts 6%
Daylighting vs Electric Lighting High Efficacy Main Light Sources Large Efficacy Range Daylight Provision Winter Overcast Sky 7 000 Lux Clear sky 20 000 Lux Summer Overcast Electric Sky 30 000 Lux Clear Light Sky 110 000 Lux Daylight
Variability of Daylighting Resources Occurrence of Sky Types (Central Europe) Clear Sky Overcast Sky
Variability of Daylighting Sources Sky Luminance Distribution (CIE Standard Skies) CIE Clear Isotropic CIE Overcast
Daylighting Performance Indicators Direct Component Sunlight Energy Work-plane Illuminance (Lux) Sunlighting Exposure (Lux-hours) Ergonomics Sun Shading Glare Control Architecture Dynamic Behaviour Diffuse Component Skylight Energy Work-plane Illuminance (Lux) Daylight Factor (%) Daylighting Provision (%) Ergonomics Luminance Contrast (-) Visual Comfort Probability (%) Architecture Mood & Atmosphere
Daylighting Performance Indicators Daylight Factor D [%] = E P / E HZ 100 % E P [Lux] Indoor Work-plane Illuminance E HZ [Lux] Outdoor horizontal Illuminance E P and E HZ monitored underneath a CIE Overcast Sky (Daylight, Commission Internationale de l Éclairage, Paris,1970)
Daylighting Design Tools (Experimental) Scanning Sky Simulator Sky Models Isotropic Sky CIE Overcast Sky (Moon & Spencer 1955) CIE Clear Sky (Kittler 1973) CIE Intermediate Sky (Matsura 1987) Statistical Skies (IDMP 1987)
Daylighting Design Tools (Computer) Advanced Computer Software Electrochromic Glazing Ray-Tracing Technique Rendering & Isolux Contours / Luminance Mapping / Glare Indexes
Architectural Design Side Daylighting (Windows w/o Lintel) Pacific Bell Head Quarter, San Francisco/USA
Architectural Design Core Daylighting (Central Atrium) Helwett-Packard Head Quarter, Geneva/Switzerland
Architectural Design Combined Side & Core Daylighting Copenhagen International Airport, Danemark
Architectural Design Daylighting Luminary Prismatic Elements & Reflectors School of Architecture, Lyon/France Bartenbach Lichtlabor Office, Dornbirn/Austria
Daylighting Components Physical Description and Features Designation & Optical Phenomenon Aerogels and Capillaries (Scattering and Diffusion) Lightshelves Reflective Lamellae (Specular Reflection) Laser Cut Panel Sun Directing Glass (Total Internal Reflection) Prismatic Panel and Film (Refraction) Holographic Optical Element (Diffraction) Anidolic Daylighting Systems (Etendue Conservation)
Daylighting Components Daylight Transmission (BTDF) and Reflection (BRDF) Features Larger Light Flux Laser Cut Panel Mirrored Reflective Blinds
Daylighting Components Bidirectional Goniophotometer (CCD Imaging Technique) Sample CCD camera Incident Light Beam Sample Transmitted Light Flux Diffusive Screen Main Advantages Quasi-continuous Discretisation / Huge Time Savings / Higher Accuracy
Daylighting Systems Experimental Test Modules (DEMONA) Academic Partners Bartenbach Lichtlabor (Austria) Building Research Establishment (UK) Danish Building Research Institute (DK) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland) Institut für Licht und Bautechnik FH Köln (Germany) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (USA) Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology (Norway) Technische Universität Berlin (Germany) Queensland University of Technology (Australia)
Daylighting Systems Scale Model Studies (Sky Simulator) 12% 11% 10% 9% 8% Light shelf HOE Vertical Panel Daylight Factor Reference Light shelf alu 0 Light shelf alu 15 Light shelf semi-transparent 15 HOE vertical Anidolic Ceiling 7% α= 0, 5, 10, 15 Light Guiding Shade 6% 100.0 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Distance to Facade [m
Anidolic Daylighting Systems Neologism (Ancient Greek Etymology) Anidolic I Anidolic II Dino An Eidolon Saurus (Dinosaur) (Anidolic) means Non-Imaging Big Naughty Lezard Lightshelf Plain Window
Anidolic Daylighting Systems Design Principles (External/Internal Components) Architect : E. Novello
Anidolic Daylighting Systems Comparison of Daylighting Performance 0.75 0.750.57 0.75 0.75 0.30 Reflection Factors 0.16 0.11 0.16 Anidolic System Plain Window
Anidolic Daylighting Systems Comparison of Daylighting Performance (Daylight Factor) 50 % IMPROVEMENT OF DAYLIGHT PROVISION (300 Lux / Urban Yearly Basis)
Anidolic Daylighting Systems Anidolic Integrated Ceiling (AIC) Architects : Müller & Ganz
Anidolic Daylighting Systems AIC Description & Views 9% DF 4% DF Front Desk Rear Desk
Anidolic Daylighting Systems AIC Performance & Energy Savings 30% Energy Savings
Anidolic Daylighting Systems Facade Integrated Anidolic System Optimal Integration Architect : I. Giaccari
Anidolic Daylighting Systems LESO Solar Experimental Building (EPFL Campus) Architects : Papadaniel & Demetriades
Anidolic Daylighting Systems LESO Solar Experimental Building (EPFL Campus) Architects : Papadaniel & Demetriades
Anidolic Daylighting Systems Building Refurbishment (Caisse-Conge/Brussels) Anidolic Zenithal Collectors on Architects : Samyn & Partners
Conclusion Daylighting and Innovative Building Technologies are essential Components of Modern Architecture Crucial Role in Buildings within the Working and Living Spaces (Amenity - Productivity - Health) Substantial Scientific Progress achieved regarding the Development of Advanced Daylighting Systems Significant Energy Savings Potential and Contribution for the Future of Mankind (Mitigation of Climate Changes)
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