Country Case Study UK (Scotland) www.res-hospitals.eu
Context Scotland is a devolved country of the United Kingdom. It has its own parliament (Scottish Government), which has complete autonomy for all health -related matters. Energy policy is more complex as some issues are controlled by the UK Government, including those that relate to EU commitments. The UK emits some 566m tonnes of CO 2 e and consumes 143 TOE of energy. Both the national and devolved Governments have legally binding commitments to reduce CO 2 emissions by 80% before 2050. Public sector organisations (including hospitals) are expected to demonstrate leadership in supporting the interim targets. A variety of fiscal and regulatory measures have been introduced including the Renewables Obligations (RO s) for large scale generators, Feed-in-Tariffs (FiT) and the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI). The Scottish Government has even more ambitious targets than the UK average including an initiative to decarbonise the electricity grid supply by 2020 and decarbonised heat by 2050. This is particularly based on Scotland s natural assets, including 25% of Europe s wind and tidal resources, and its ambition to be the green powerhouse of Europe. This strategy is embedded in a 2020 Renewables Roadmap that covers all sectors from large scale offshore wind to community-based projects. Scotland has 214 public hospitals that are managed by 14 NHSScotland Health Boards and a few private hospitals. The Boards receive direct funding from the Scottish Government but can also bid for additional specific purpose funding through officially approved schemes. The energy-related performance of both the Boards and the associated hospitals is monitored by Health Facilities Scotland (HFS) using an online reporting system known as environmental Monitoring And Reporting Tool (emart).
Energy & CO 2 Total energy consumption of hospitals in Scotland is 5.78 million GJ per annum 38% reduction since 1989-90 Average energy use per bed = 234 GJ Average energy use/100m 3 volume = 65GJ The total amount of CO 2 emissions from the healthcare sector was 405,108 tonnes per annum in 2010-11 42% reduction since 1989-90 Sector investment in energy efficiency and reduction of CO 2 emissions? Investment has been target driven and based on reporting and monitoring system Main investment in renewable energy production has been biomass boilers (11 sites, 9 of which are Hospitals with more planned including a number of CHP systems and other technologies) Two sites have invested in heat pump systems One has invested in a wind turbine (see Girvan case example) with more planned
1989-90 1991-92 1993-94 1995-96 1997-98 1999-00 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 2011-12 2013-14 2015-16 2017-18 2019-20 2021-22 2023-24 2025-26 2027-28 2029-30 2031-32 2033-34 2035-36 2037-38 2039-40 2041-42 2043-44 2045-46 2047-48 2049-50 Energy (millions GJ) Targets 12 10 8 6 4 Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 Reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG) from 1990 base by: 42% by 2020 80% by 2050 Targets for NHSScotland hospitals 3% year on year reduction in fossil fuel consumption 1% year on year reduction in energy consumption Fossil fuels Projected Energy Usage Target 2010-2050 2010 Expected energy usage, almost all from fossil fuels. 2050 Target Energy required for NHSScotland in 2050. Approximately 50% from renewables. Average performance 44 GJ/100m 3 Biomass NHS Greater Glasgow The largest of the NHS Boards in Scotland, serving a population of 1.2 million people. It has a carbon footprint of over 170,000 tonne/year and an annual utility bill of 42m. CO 2 e emissions have already been reduced by 24,000 tonnes, by implementing 91 projects, and its current target is to further reduce its CO 2 emissions by 15% before the end of 2016. This will have a projected economic value of over 20 million by mitigating the escalating costs of carbon taxes, electricity & fuel and new (energy intensive) equipment. 2 0 Fossil Electricity GSHP Electricity Renewable Electricity
Case Examples emart Tool Girvan Community Hospital Based on case study presentations at the RES-Hospital Peer Learning Workshop hosted by Health Facilities Scotland on 14-15 June 2012
emart Tool The Scottish Government monitors the overall performance of the NHS Boards against a number of targets and standards, this includes the targets related to reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. Each of the NHS Boards is required to provide monthly data on energy, waste and water. This is enabled by the use of an online portal known as emart, which was developed by NHSScotland to compare actual performance against targets. The system uses the input data on energy use, costs and fuel source to produce information on the effectiveness of energy efficiency, CO 2 emissions and relative performance indicators such as energy use per bed. The aggregated data is collated by the Energy and Climate Team at HFS, who produce the Annual National Environment Report for NHSScotland, which is promulgated to the Scottish Government and made available to the general public. As well as coordinating the emart data collection and analysis processes, HFS also has responsibility to help the NHS Boards achieve their energy and climate change targets. This is complemented by specialist advice from a public sector agency (Carbon Trust Scotland) including the development and implementation of Carbon Management Plans.
Girvan Hospital The award winning Girvan Community Hospital in the South West of Scotland is regarded as a best practice model of sustainable design for new hospitals. It combines an integrated, and patient centric, approach to community healthcare with a number of environmental features including the maximisation of natural light and ventilation. The commitment of the NHS Board to low carbon is evident in the investment in Renewable Energy Systems (RES) including the installation of a 100kW wind turbine and a biomass boiler. The 700kW biomass boiler is one of a growing number in Scottish hospitals that is helping make a real difference to their carbon footprint. This hospital is also one of the few in the world, and the first in Scotland, to invest in a wind turbine to supply some of its electricity. The project was therefore entrusted to a renewable energy development company that took responsibility for all planning and implementation activities, including connection to the national grid network. In spite of the extended return on investment - 7 years, the NHS Board still decided to proceed, assessing it s overall value over the full life cycle costs of the facility.
References Sources of Information RES-Hospitals Benchmarking Report for Scotland (prepared by HFS and Optimat) 2010-11 National Environment Report for NHSScotland (Health Facilities Scotland) RES- Hospitals Peer Learning Workshop, HFS, 14-15 June 2012 EUROSTAT RES-Hospitals RES-Hospitals (2011-2013) is a 30 month project that is sponsored by the Intelligent Energy Europe programme. It aims to provide hospital decision makers with the evidence and guidance to significantly increase investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy systems. This will help national and regional stakeholders in the sector to make a greater contribution to the 2020 EU Energy targets. RES- Hospitals is led by the Asti Local Health Agency in Italy. It involves partners and associates from various European countries and also the European Centre for Health Assets and Architecture.