RIGGING SAFETY. UNSAFE RIGGING COULD BECOME THE WEAKEST LINK!! Section 15

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RIGGING SAFETY UNSAFE RIGGING COULD BECOME THE WEAKEST LINK!! Section 15 1 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

RIGGING SAFETY RIGGING EQUIPMENT SHALL BE INSPECTED BY A COMPETENT PERSON BEFORE USE ON EACH SHIFT AND AS NECESSARY DURING ITS USE TO ENSURE THAT IT IS SAFE. QUALIFIED RIGGING LIFT SUPERVISOR and QUALIFIED RIGGER 1) Be at least 18 years of age 2) Be able to communicate with crane operator, lift supervisor, flagman and affected employees on site 3) Have basic knowledge and understanding of equipmentoperating characteristics, capabilities, and limitations QUALIFIED RIGGERS AND LIFT SUPERVISORS MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND PROFICIENCY TO APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN THE FOLLOWING; 1) Personnel roles and responsibilities 2) Site preparation 3) Rigging equipment and materials 4) Safe Operating procedures 2 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

RIGGING SAFETY cont. QUALIFIED RIGGERS AND LIFT SUPERVISORS MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND PROFICIENCY TO APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN THE FOLLOWING; 5) Principles of safe rigging 6) Environmental hazards (overhead interferences) 7) Rigging the load, handling the load, common causes of crane-related accidents 3 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

RIGGING SAFETY cont. MULTIPLE LIFT RIGGING (MLR) 1) A multiple lift is considered a critical lift and requires a written critical lift plan per Section 16.H 2) For the purpose of erecting/placing structural steel ONLY and must follow Section 15.C and 29 CFR 1926.753 Subpart R 3) Must follow the following criteria a. MLR assembly used b. maximum of five members are hoisted per lift c. Only beams and similar structural members are lifted d. All employees engaged in MLR are trained e. All loads are rigger by a qualified rigger f. Manufacturer specifications allow MLR g. Components designed capacity with a 5:1 safety factor for all components 4 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

RIGGING SAFETY cont. MULTIPLE LIFT RIGGING (MLR) cont. h. The total load doesn t exceed the rigging capacity MULTIPLE LIFT RIGGING SHALL BE RIGGED WITH MEMBERS: 1) ATTACHED AT THEIR CENTER OF GRAVITY 2) Rigged from the top down 3) Rigged at least 7 feet apart 4) Members shall be set from the bottom up 5) Controlled load lowering shall be used whenever the load is over the connectors (people!!!) 5 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

RIGGING SAFETY RIGGING EQUIPMENT SHALL BE INSPECTED BY A COMPETENT PERSON BEFORE USE ON EACH SHIFT AND AS NECESSARY DURING ITS USE TO ENSURE THAT IT IS SAFE. RIGGING EQUIPMENT, WHEN NOT IS USE, SHALL BE REMOVED FROM THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA AND PROPERLY STORED AND MAINTAINED IN A SAFE CONDITION. WHEN HOISTING LOADS, A POSITIVE LATCHING DEVICE SHALL BE USED TO SECURE THE LOAD AND RIGGING. 6 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

RIGGING GEAR FIBER ROPE, CHAIN, WIRE ROPE & WIRE ROPE CLIPS SLINGS: ROPE SLINGS, WEB SLINGS WIRE ROPE SLINGS, BRAIDED SLINGS & CHAIN SLINGS. HOOKS, SHACKLES, RINGS/LINKS, TURNBUCKLES, EYE-BOLTS BELOW THE HOOK DEVICES 7 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

8 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

RIGGING GEAR 9 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

FIBER ROPE TAG LINES Control loads be lifted by crane Excessive length could cause A safety problem Max. Length about 10 Feet. Work around power lines Use non-conductive tag lines See Pages 3-6 10 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

Can You Name this Violation? Positive latching device, i.e., self-closing safety latches, hook with spring-loaded gate, and alloy anchor type shackle with a bolt, nut and retaining pin. Violation here! 11 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

LIFTING ANGLES 90 (STRAIGHT UP & DOWN) FROM THE LOAD THE FULL CHAIN CAPACITY CAN BE LIFTED. THE GREATER THE ANGLE FROM VERTICAL AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF THE LOAD THE LESS THE LIFTING CAPACITY OF THE CHAIN ( See Pg. #14) NOTE: SLING ANGLE APPLIES TO ALL TYPE SLINGS! Slings are not to be used an angles less than 30º from the horizontal! 12 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WIRE ROPE LIFTING SLINGS STANDING LINES ON CRANES RUNNING LINES ON CRANES HORIZONTAL LIFE LINES Pages 15-31 13 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WIRE ROPE See Appendix Q For Definition. 14 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013 MAY 2007

WIRE ROPE TYPICAL WIRE ROPE (6 X 19) 1 st # is number of strands 2 nd # is number of wires per strand CENTER CORE FIBER OR METAL See Page #17 for classifications & types 15 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WIRE ROPE TYPES MOST COMMON RIGHT REGULAR LAY Wires wind in one direction & strands in the opposite direction. Less likely to kink & untwist, easier to handle And more resistant to crushing. 16 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WIRE ROPE TYPES WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT TYPES OF WIRE ROPE? CRANE MANUFACTURERS MANUAL WILL STIPULATE THE SIZE & TYPE OF WIRE ROPE TO USED FOR EACH OF THE CRANE HOISTS. 17 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WRONG TYPE OF WIRE ROPE USED ON THIS CRANE HOIST 18 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013 MAY 2007

INSPECTING WIRE ROPE RUNNING LINES CRANES STANDING LINES 6 Broken Wires 3 Broken Wires In one rope lay in one rope lay OR 3 Broken Wires 2 Broken Wires In one strand at end connection Pages 26-27 19 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

STANDING WIRE ROPE LINE RUNNING WIRE ROPE LINE 20 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013 MAY 2007

WHAT IS ONE ROPE LAY? THE LENGTH OF WIRE ROPE THAT ONE STRAND TAKES TO MAKE ONE COMPLETE REVOLUTION AROUND THE CORE OF THE WIRE ROPE (See Pg 18) 21 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WIRE ROPE INSPECTION ITEMS Crushed Wires Broken Wires DAMAGE FROM HEAT AND CORROSION (Electrical contact with wire rope) (See page 26 & 27) 22 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

INSPECTING WIRE ROPE Bird Cage Kinked Pages 26-27 23 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WIRE ROPE SLINGS Look on Page #25 FIVE BASIC TYPES SOCKET (POURED) 100% WEDGE SOCKET 75%-90% MECHANICAL (above) 90%-95% HAND TUCKED 80%-90% WIRE ROPE CLIPS 80% 24 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

LIFTING CAPACITY OF SLINGS COE says Wire rope slings shall have affixed a durable permanent ID tag with the diameter, rated load, & lifting capacity in the vertical, chocker, and basket configuration. Also the date the sling was placed in service. 385-1-1 15.G.06 25 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

TYPES OF SLING HITCHES Choker Basket Straight Bridle 26 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

TYPES OF HITCHES VERTICAL HITCH: Full rated lifting capacity Of the sling may be used. (Watch Rotation!) CHOKER HITCH: Reduced lifting capacity of single sling is 75% of full rating of sling, dual slings capacity rating based on lifting angle of the slings (See page # 30 ) BASKET HITCH: Distributes the weight of the Load evenly between two slings. Both eyes of Each sling are placed on lifting hook, load in in the cradle. ( See Page # 31 ) 27 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

Straight Sling The total weight of the load is supported by a single leg The working load limit of the sling must exceed the load 28 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

Choker Sling 29 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

Basket Sling 30 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

Spreader Beams Spreader beams can be used with a double vertical hitch to handle long loads Reduces load tipping Each leg will carry one-half the total load Spreader beams must be manufactured for that purpose and have a rated capacity indicated 31 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

D/d RATIO A wire rope around An object of equal Diameter (1/1 d/d) Will have a breaking Strength reduced 50% A 4/1 ratio decreases The strength to 25% A 20/1 ratio has a 0% loss in strength. See page # 31 32 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WIRE ROPE CLIPS Most common type called a Crosby Clamp U BOLT 3 Main Parts SADDLE U Bolt Nuts SADDLE NUTS 33 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

NEVER SADDLE A DEAD HORSE!!! 34 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013 MAY 2007

PROPER USE OF THE WIRE ROPE CLIP PAGE 21 OF SAFETY RESOURCE BOOK FOR APPLYING WIRE ROPE CLIPS WEDGE SOCKETS PAGES 23 & 24 OF SAFETY RESOURCE BOOK 35 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WEDGE SOCKETS WEDGE SOCKET TERMINATION 36 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

SYNTHETIC WEB SLINGS SYNTHETIC ROPE SLINGS TWO MAJOR TYPES 37 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013 MAY 2007

SYNTHETIC SLING CAPACITY TAG TO ID THE Name or trademark of the manufacturer Rated capacity for the type of hitch Not to exceed rated Capacity 38 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

ROUND ROPE SYNTHETIC SLINGS RATED CAPACITY IS DETERMINED BY THE TAG AND COLOR CODE OF THE OUTER JACKET REPLACE WHEN RED STRIPE WHITE CORE YARNS ARE VISIBLE See Pages 41 & 42 39 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

ROUND SLING CONSTRUCTION SEE PAGE 42 FOR SLING CAPACITY COLOR CODES 40 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

DISADVANTAGES SYNTHETIC SLINGS HEAT SOURCES ACIDS CAUSTIC CUT TEAR EASY 41 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

INSPECTING SYNTHETIC SLINGS ACID BURNS MELTING MARKS CUTS, HOLES TEARS, SNAGS RED WARNING EXCESSIVE WEAR NO SWL TAG UNREADABLE TAG END ATTACHMENTS 42 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WIRE ROPE CLIPS HOOKS SHACKLES RINGS LINKS TURNBUCKLES EYE BOLTS RIGGING HARDWARE 43 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

TYPES OF HOOKS HOIST HOOKS CHAIN GRAB HOOKS SLING CHOCKER HOOKS CHAIN SLIP HOOKS EYE HOOKS See pages 44 through 54 44 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

INSPECTING HOOKS WEAR OR CRACKS DEFORMATION OF HOOK THROAT OPENING 15% MORE *BENT MORE THAN 10º OUT OF PLANE SAFETY LATCH OR MOUSE Page # 45 for deformed hook photo and COE Appendix F page F-5 45 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

Example of Bad Hook Max twist 10 Avoid: Side load Back load Tip load 46 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

LIFTING WITH HOOKS Only foundry hooks are designed for tip loading Hook/Load Angles A. Balanced 100% A B C E D B. 1/4 off center 86% C. 1/2 off center 80% D. 3/4 off center 70% E. Point loading 40% 47 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

SHACKLES 6 MAJOR TYPES Screw Pin Anchor Round Pin Anchor Safety Anchor Screw Pin Chain Round Pin Chain Safety Chain Screw Pin Anchor Pg 46 48 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

SHACKLES Stock Diameter Determines Size STOCK Safety Type for high vibration operations i.e. pile driving PIN 49 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

SHACKLE RIGGING SAFETY TIPS Avoid placing running line over the pin. Never replace shackle pin with a bolt A hook on the shackle should be placed On the stock (round) part of the shackle Look on Page 47!!! 50 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

SHACKLE INSPECTION RESULTS Unknown SWL (Shackle not marked) Different sizes used in one arrangement. Bolts used for pins. Shackles welded to spreader bar Bent/out of shape Shop fabricated shackle pins 51 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

TURNBUCKLES 3 TYPES, HOOK, ROUND, CLEVIS END Maximum distortion allowed 5% End or 10% of Hook distortion. Go See Pages 52 & 53 52 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

EYE BOLTS NON-SHOULDER Slowly I turned to Page # 54 SHOULDER 53 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

EYE BOLT SAFETY TIPS Angle of Lift is Critical Max 5º for Non-shoulder Avoid angular Loading 54 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

HOME MADE LIFTING DEVICE 55 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013 MAY 2007

What s wrong with this? 56 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

BELOW THE HOOK LIFTING DEVICES 57 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

BELOW THE HOOK LIFTING DEVICES 58 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

BELOW THE HOOK SAFETY INSPECTIONS LOAD RATING OF THE DEVICE Especially In Line items i.e. Come-a-long SPREADER BARS LIFT RATING? DEFORMATIONS/USED CORRECTLY What does Manufacture Data say? 59 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

OTHER RIGGING CONSIDERATIONS CRIBBING BLOCK & TACKLE JACKING/BLOCKING 60 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

WHAT IS THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD TO MOVE? Pages 55-58 Manufacturer s literature Labels on machine or equipment Bill of lading from shipping company Weigh bill from trucking company Scientific data sheets Commercial/government scales Standards of weights and measures Field measurements & calculations Estimate & lift (LMI reading) 61 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013

NAVY CRANE CENTER Norfolk, Va. http://portal.navfac.navy.mil/ncc DSN: 387-3803 FAX: (757) 967-3808 COMM: (757) 967 3803 62 NAVFAC ATLANTIC 10/25/2013