Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects Dr. Guðmundur Ómar Friðleifsson IDDP Principal Investigator Chief Geologist HS Orka ICELAND www.iddp.is
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects Outline of presentation Short Overview of the IDDP program 2000-2015 2015-2020 IDDP-1 in Krafla in NE-Iceland - drilled 2009 into >900 C hot magma, => the world s hottest production well (>450 C). Plans for drilling IDDP-2 at Reykjanes in SW-Iceland 2016 IDDP-3 well in the Hengill Central Volcano before 2020?
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects Three 4-5 km deep IDDP holes planned Project began at WGC-2000 in Japan Invitation for an international collaboration. Since beginning run by Icelandic energy consortium (HS, LV, OR, OS) with participation by Alcoa (2007-2012) and Statoil (2008-2011) Statoil re-entering 2015 Supported by ICDP (since 2001) and US NSF (since 2005) for science coring & science. PI s responsible. WELL RN-17 at REYKJNES well of opportunity for IDDP in 2004-2006. Collapsed during flow test Well IDDP-1 drilled at KRAFLA in 2008-2009 hit magma at 2.1 km (>900 C). Superheated steam at 452 C at 140 bar. Enthalpy 3200 KJ/Kg. Power capacity up to 36 MW e Preparation for Well IDDP-2 at REYKJANES completed and a modification - a new well of opportunity (RN-15) selected as IDDP-2, now under planning stage for drilling. Drilling of the 5 km deep IDDP-2 well scheduled for spring 2016
IDDP-1 Drilled Into Magma in 2009 World s First Magma-EGS System Created IDDP-1 www.iddp.is Result described in GEOTHERMICS 2014 - Special Issue on IDDP and at WGC-2015 in Australia
List of IDDP Planning Workshops and Organizational Meetings (1) Start-up (2) Drilling Technology (3) Science Program (4) Site Selection (RN-17) (5) Crisis (6) Site Selection (IDDP-1) (7) Kick-off Meeting (8) Fluid Handling (9) Continuation (IDDP-2) June 2001 March 2002 October 2002 June 2004 April 2006 March 2007 March 2009 September 2009 September 2012 ICDP ICDP ICDP ICDP ( 9 SAGA Reports available at www.iddp.is ) (10) IDDP-2 Science Plan In few months time (Principal Investigators in 2001: G.Ó. Friðleifsson (Iceland), W.A. Elders (USA), and S. Saito (Japan))
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects Krafla fires 1975-1984
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects Krafla central volcano Magma chambers at 3-8 km depth detected by S-wave attenuation during the 1975-1984 Krafla fires
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects IDDP-1 Why did we not see the magma at 2100? Earthquake hypocenters: Green dots: Krafla fires 1975-1984 Blue dots: micro-seismic 2004-2007 K-36 2100 m MT-landscape 2008 3 km magma surface IDDP-1 target at 4.5 km
Drilling Plan for IDDP-1 and actual drilling Tyr Rig in 2009: March-July 2009: - Planned 800-2400 - 3500-4500 m - Actual: 800-1950 - 2100 m Tyr Rig: - Planned 800-2400-3500-4500 m - Actual: 800-1950-2100 m Anchor Casing : 16 drillbit, 13 3/8 casing Production Casing : 12-1/4 drillbit, 9 5/8 casing Production Zone : 8-1/2 drillbit, 7 slotted liner 12-1/4 bit into magma at 2104 m depth to magma Inserted 9-5/8 slotted liner at the bottom and 9-5/8 sacrificial casing cemented to the top
Depth(m) Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects 0 500 1000 Drilling works II - IDDP - 01 Days 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131 141 151 161 171 181 800 m Broken BHA Drilling well IDDP1 1500 2000 AC Junk basket Drilled into magma 1st time Sidetrack I Coring Sidetrack II Running Anchor casing and cementing Drilled into magma 2nd time Drilled into magma 3rd time 2500 Bit change 2400 m Stuck at 2005 m 3000 PC 3500 4000 2 Corings 2 ICDP-NSF spot cores 3500 m PZ 4500 Actual Estimated 7 Corings 7 ICDP-NSF spot cores 4500 m 5000
Induced mirco-seismicity during drilling of IDDP-1 Micro seismicity during drilling Schematic - off scale Heating up after drilling
Flow test 2010-2012 Superheated dry steam: 452 C, 140 bar, 3200 KJ/Kg power output ~ 36 MW e Video clips at www.iddp.is Flow test continued 17. May 2011 but needed to be stopped few days later. Continued 9.August 2011 but stopped 11. August for further modification. Opened again 27 th September 2011 for wet scrubbing and heat exchange test. From November 2011 to July 2012 flowing at 10-12 kg/sec
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects Connection between IDDP-1 and K-36?
Tracer test: 2-NMS into IDDP-1 detected in K-36
Apparently IDDP created a magmatic EGS system Sequence of events: Thermally cracked the metamorphic contact aureole rocks by cold water drilling- and injection fluid Attracted 350 C two phase reservoir fluid from above downwards - heating it up to 450 C Flowing the 450 C hot superheated steam - needing chemical mitigation for production By wet scrubbing Cl, S and SiO 2 were driven into the fluid phase leaving pure steam for power production CO 2 proved to be lower than in atmosphere
New era for power production at Krafla? Krafla power plant 60 MWe Víti explosive crater (since 1724) IDDP-1 2009 IDDP-1 type well can be repeated Power plant operator (LV) has plans to drill a new IDDP type well within the next two years Technical improvements included If successful power output at Krafla could multiply as magma heat source at shallow depth is quite large
New era for power production at Krafla? Apparently a minor design failure in the master valves prevented steam production in the Krafla power plant after quite successful chemical mitigation Assuming the technical problems will be solved several IDDP type wells can be drilled towards the magma for an EGS type geothermal harvesting Cementing 9-5/8 production casing to 1,800 m and 8-½ production hole to 2,100 m, with optional 7 liner IDDP Drilled Into Magma What seems to be in evidence: World s First Magma-EGS System was Created
RN-15: Production well: offered for deepening as IDDP-2 16 2016 19 20 17 2005 Reykjanes : RN-17 well of opportunity 2005 IDDP -2 will be drilled 2016
RN-15: Production well: offered for deepening as IDDP-2 IDDP-2 Reykjanes power plant: 100 MW e RN-15 production well: 2.5 km deep RN-15 defined as Well of opportunity for IDDP-2 It will be directionally drilled to 5 km depth in 2016 Flow tested in both directions down and up Pilot tested for power production Scientifically studied as a black smoker analog Reservoir fluid is of seawater origin
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects The IDDP effort has mostly been domestically operated and funded but has also enjoyed international support from scientists around the world since the beginning, intermitted funding participation by Alcoa and Statoil (now re-entering), and by ICDP and US NSF for science coring and studies. There is a growing interest everywhere in the geothermal world to drill deeper for increased energy. To name a few projects: 1. Kakonda drilling in 1995 in Japan - and hopefully JBBP will be realized within the next few years 2. New Zealand -Taupo Volcanic Zone (HADES) (Hotter And Deeper Exploration Science) in preparation 3. Italy Larderello DESCRAMBLE active project intending to drill to supercritical conditions - 4. USA - A Proposal to Develop Ultra High-enthalpy Geothermal Systems in the USA (W.A. Elders), e.g. Salton Sea and Geyser fields in California, Hawaii 5. Philippines, Indonesia, Mexico (Cerro Prieto?, Los Humeros?) high potential at plate boundaries Practical Significance: Fewer Wells Needed for a Given Power Output Higher Thermodynamic Efficiency of Power Cycle Smaller Environmental Footprint Increased Sustainability What is needed: Innovation Competence Effort Funding
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects Referring to Ruggero Bertani at ICEF-2014 we can look at this picture and ask if we can speed the IDDP and EGS development from Long term outlook to medium term i.e.: I like to answer that question with a big YES but evidently it will depend on the effort to meet our ICEF needs - where funding is one of the fundamental request I am happy to inform ICEF-2015 that the European Commission H-2020 program has invited our joint EGS IDDP project in France and Iceland for funding participation
DEEPEGS H2020 EU supported project DEEPEGS is a major effort to speed EGS development within Europe and worldwide both highand low enthalpy systems. The IDDP-2 well is a part of the DEEPEGS Project already invited for funding agreement The DEEPEGS consortium is industry driven with 5 energy companies capable to implement the project goal through cross fertilization and sharing knowledge
KMDP Coring through the solidus Clean energy for the North Magma Projects and Supervolcanoes KMDP already established due to IDDP-1 in Krafla -40 a now +20 a Inyo Domes Kilauea Iki INTERNATIONAL MAGMA/HYDROTHERMAL TESTBED Long Valley (from Eichelberger 17.09.2015) In situ magma monitoring
Why should we care? Exempli gratia (e.g.), Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy We can surely tap energy from the volcanoes and learn a lot on volcanic hazard and pre-warning at same time
Iceland Deep Drilling Project IDDP Lessons learned and future prospects NEAR FUTURE VISION: 10 16 11 29 13 12 14 24 21 Our expectation is that by IDDP type drilling we will see more efficient power production from high-temperature geothermal systems worldwide most likely at the IDDP test sites first - i.e. Reykjanes, Krafla and Hengill volcanoes in Iceland depending though on Innovation, Competence, Effort and the Funding elsewhere Preparation for IDDP-2 has been in progress since 2012 Thank you!