Agilent 8990B Peak Power Analyzer

Agilent 8990B Peak Power Analyzer Pulse Radar Power Measurement Demo Guide

Table of Contents Introduction 2 Demonstration Preparation 3 Demo 1: 14-Pulse Characterization Measurement Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to obtain 14-point pulse parameters value from a trace graph. Demo 2: Droop Measurement 4 8 Comprehensive Pulse Radar Power Measurement In pulse power amplifier design and testing environments, the use of a comprehensive instrument is very important in achieving accurate pulse analysis measurement. Herein, Agilent is introducing the 8990B peak power analyzer, which replaces the legacy HP 8990A Series peak power analyzer and is designed to provide accurate pulse analysis measurement when used with a compatible N1923/4A wideband power sensor. This demo guide shows the step-by-step methodology for measuring pulse signal using the Agilent 8990B peak power analyzer and N1923A wideband power sensor. Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to perform droop measurement from a trace graph. Demo 3: CCDF Measurement Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to measure and compute CCDF measurement in a graph view. Demo 4: Delay Measurement Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to perform delay measurement by capturing multiple pulse waveform and computing delay periods between pulses. Demo 5: Spacing Measurement 10 12 15 Introduction The Agilent 8990B peak power analyzer is designed to provide accurate pulse analysis measurement. The 8990B is also capable of performing pulse characterization measurement according to the methods specified in IEEE Standard 181 when it is used in combination with the new N1923/4A wideband power sensor and installed versatile pulse measurement software. For more information about the 8990B peak power analyzer, refer to the Agilent 8990B Peak Power Analyzer and N1923/N1924A Wideband Power Sensors Datasheet. Softkey menu 15-inch XGA color display with touch screen Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to perform spacing measurement by capturing multiple pulse waveform and computing spacing pulse intervals within the same channel. Ordering Information 19 Interactive control with color-coded knobs for each channel 1.05 GHz source calibration Related Literature 19 14-point pulse characteristics measurement Color-coded channels Easy waveform storage Figure 1. Overview of the Agilent 8990B peak power analyzer 2

Key Features Key Measurements Key Applications 15 XGA color display with touch screen Dual-screen zoom window Consist of four channels: two RF and two video channels Enables fast rise/fall time measurement up to 5 ns Ability to perform 14-point pulse characterization measurements Ability to perform automatic delay measurement and CCDF measurement Ability to perform internal zeroing and calibration Compatible with N1921/2/3/4A wideband power sensor Compatible with U2000 Series USB power sensor 1 Wide range of remote interface supportability USB, LAN, RS232, and parallel interface 14-point pulse analysis Delay measurement Droop measurement Spacing measurement CCDF Figure 2. Agilent N1923/4A wideband power sensor Radar pulse analysisi (RF measurement and time interval) Wireless standard/non-standard pulse measurement Demonstration Preparation The instruments and software listed in the table to the right are required to perform the demonstrations. NOTE: The N1923A wideband power sensor is used in this demo. You can download the latest version of software and instrument firmware at: www.agilent.com/find/ peakpoweranalyzer www.agilent.com/find/esg www.agilent.com/find/ signalstudio Product Type Agilent 8990B Peak Power Analyzer Agilent E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator 2 Agilent N1921/2/3/4A Wideband Power Sensor Agilent 33250A Function Generator Agilent Signal Studio Software Agilent Controller PC for Signal Studio Agilent IO Libraries Suite Minimum System Requirement Firmware version A.01.00 or later Firmware version C.04.98 or later Frequency range: Option 503 or 506 Baseband generator: Option 601 or 602 Firmware version 2.01 or later Pulse Building version 1.2.226.0 or later Installed with Signal Studio Pulse Building software; refer to online documentation for installation and setup. IO Libraries Suite version 16.0.1 or later 1 Only applicable when N1918A Power Analysis Manager is installed on the 8990B. 2 Alternatively, you can substitute the E4438C ESG with the N5182A MXG vector signal generator; fimware version A.01.45 or later, frequency range Option 506 or 506, and baseband generator Option 651 or 652. 3

Demonstration 1 14-Point Pulse Characterization Measurement Objectives Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to obtain 14-point pulse parameter values from the trace graph, where the parameters values are automatically calculated by the 8990B application whenever a trace pattern appears on the graph. The following pulse parameters are supported by the 8990B peak power analyzer. Pulse Parameters Minimum Peak Average Peak to Average Duty Cycle Pulse Repetitive Interval (PRI) Pulse Repetitive Frequency (PRF) Rise Time Fall Time Off Time Pulse Base Pulse Top Pulse Width Overshoot Description The minimum value of a waveform The maximum instantaneous power The power integrated over a complete time waveform (on time and off time) Average power = 10 log (pulse width/pri) The ratio between peak power level and average power level The ratio between the pulse duration (pulse width) and pulse period (pulse repetitive interval) of a rectangular waveform Duty cycle = pulse width x pulse repetitive interval The interval between the pulse start time of the first pulse and immediate following pulse in a periodic pulse train The reciprocal of the PRI PRF = 1/PRI The time interval for a pulse to increase from 10% to 90% of its peak value The time interval for a pulse to decrease from 90% to 10% of its peak value The duration of pulse off Refers to the statistically most prevalent amplitude level (straight line) when the pulse is set to OFF Refers to the statistically most prevalent amplitude level (straight line) when the pulse are set to ON The duration of pulse on The amount of which the first maximum spark occurs exceeds the straight line segment of the pulse top. Overshoot is expressed in percentage (%). 4

Power Peak-to- Average Power Pulse Width Pulse ON Pulse OFF Average Power Pulse Repetitive Interval (PRI) Time Figure 3. Pulse power measurement Peak Power Pulse Top Amplitude Overshoot On Time Off Time Rise Time Fall Time Figure 4. Typical radar pulse analysis parameters 5

Procedures 1. Connect the 8990B peak power analyzer and wideband power sensor to signal generator as shown in Figure 5. 2. Follow the instructions shown below to configure the signal generator and 8990B to perform 14-point pulse measurement. E4438C ESG Signal Generator 8990 Peak Power Analyzer N1923A Wideband Power Sensor Figure 5. Setup diagram for 14-point pulse characterization measurement In this guide, keystrokes surrounded by [ ] represent front panel keys of the instruments, keystrokes surrounded by { } represent softkeys of the instrument, and keystrokes in bold represent the softkeys of the software. Instructions On ESG 1. Set instrument to its default settings. Keystrokes Press [Preset] 2. Set the frequency and amplitude. Press [Frequency] [1] {GHz} Frequency = 1 GHz Press [Amplitude] [0] {dbm} Figure Amplitude 8. U2000 Series = 0 dbm USB power sensors connectivity support auto-detected by Agilent IO Libraries Suite 3. Configure the pulse waveform. Press [Pulse] {Pulse Period} [1] {ms} Pulse period = 1 ms Select {Pulse Width} [200] {us} Pulse width = 200 μs 4. Turn on the pulse signal. Toggle {Pulse ON} Toggle [RF On/Off] to ON Toggle [Mod On/Off] to ON On 8990B 5. Set instrument to autoscale mode to optimize the display. Press [Auto Scale] 6. Set trigger source to Channel 1. In Trigger menu, click {Source} {1} 7. Set Channel 1 frequency to 1 GHz. In toolbar menu, click {Setup} {Channel 1}. Select {Frequency} {1} {G} {OK}. Click {Close} to exit the Channel Setup menu. 8. Configure horizontal time scale at 200 μs to capture 1 ms pulse length. Go to {H} and toggle {+} or { } until you get 200 μs scale. See Figure 6. 6

Instructions Keystrokes Perform 14-point pulse measurement using 8990B 9. Perform minimum measurement. In Measure menu, click {Minimum}. Select Source to {Channel 1}. Click {OK} to exit. 10. Perform peak, average, peak-to-average, duty cycle and PRI measurement. 11. Perform PRF, fall time, rise time, off time, pulse base, and pulse top measurement. Repeat step 9. Assign the measurement accordingly. See Figure 7. Repeat step 9. Assign the measurement accordingly. See Figure 8. 12. Perform pulse width and overshoot measurement. Repeat step 9. Assign the measurement accordingly. See Figure 9. Figure 6. Multi Purpose pane display Figure 7. Example of measurements displayed in Multi Purpose pane for step 10 Figure 8. Example of measurements displayed in Multi Purpose pane for step 11 Figure 9. Example of measurements displayed in Multi Purpose pane for step 12 7

Demonstration 2 Droop Measurement Objectives Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to perform droop measurement from the trace graph automatically. The droop measurement view in 8990B is used to measure the amount of droop, A D of the input signal, as shown in Figure 10. This function is only applicable for RF input channels. Figure 10. Droop measurement graph Pulse amplitude, A M The pulse amplitude quantity is determined by the intersection of a line passing through the points on the leading edge where the instantaneous value reaches 10% and 90% of A M with a straight line that is the best least squares fit to the pulse in the pulse top region (usually this is fitted visually rather than numerically). For pulses deviating greatly from the ideal trapezoidal pulse shape, a number of successive approximations may be necessary to determine A M. Trailing edge (last transition) amplitude, A T The trailing edge amplitude quantity is determined by the intersection of a line passing through the points on the trailing edge where the instantaneous value reaches 90% and 10% of A T with the straight-line segment fitted to the top of the pulse in determining A M. Droop, A D Droop is the difference between A M and A T. It is expressed in percentage of A M. Procedures 1. Connect the 8990B peak power analyzer and wideband power sensor to signal generator as shown in Figure 5. 2. Follow the instructions shown on the next page to configure the signal generator and 8990B to perform droop measurement. 8

Instructions On ESG Keystrokes 1. Set instrument to its default settings. Press [Preset] 2. Set the frequency and amplitude. Frequency = 1 GHz Amplitude = 0 dbm 3. Configure the pulse waveform. Pulse period = 1 ms Pulse width = 200 us Press [Frequency] [1] {GHz} Press [Amplitude] [0] {dbm} Press [Pulse] {Pulse Period} [1] {ms} Select {Pulse Width} [200] {us} 4. Turn on the pulse signal. Toggle {Pulse ON} Toggle [RF On/Off] to ON Toggle [Mod On/Off] to ON On 8990B 5. Set instrument to autoscale mode to optimize the display. Press [Auto Scale] 6. Set trigger source to Channel 1. In Trigger menu, click {Source} {1} 7. Set Channel 1 frequency to 1 GHz. In toolbar menu, click {Setup} {Channel 1}. Select {Frequency} {1} {G} {OK}. Click {Close} to exit the Channel Setup menu. 8. Configure horizontal time scale at 30 μs to zoom in the pulse width. Go to {H} and toggle {+} or { } until you get 30 μs scale. Adjust the horizontal offset knob to centralize the waveform on the display. 9. Configure droop measurement. In Multi Purpose pane, select {Droop Measurement}. In Droop Measurement Setup menu, select {Enable Droop Measurement} and {Channel 1}. Click {OK} to exit. See Figure 11. Figure 11. Droop measurement in Multi Purpose pane. 9

Demonstration 3 CCDF Measurement Objectives Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to measure and compute CCDF measurement in a graph view. Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) A CCDF curve is defined by how much time the waveform spends at or above a given power level. This is expressed in db relative to the average power. A CCDF curve is a plot of relative power levels versus probability where the X-axis represents the db above the average signal power, while the Y-axis represents the percent of time the signal spends at or above the power level specified by the X-axis. The CCDF feature will display the CCDF curve on a separate graph. When the CCDF feature is used, you can toggle among four types of views to display on the Multi-Purpose pane: the status view, table view, marker view, and log view. Figure 12. The above CCDF plot shows the Y-axis that represents the percentage of time the signal power equals or exceeds the power specified by the X-axis Procedures 1. Connect the 8990B peak power analyzer and wideband power sensor to the signal generator as shown in Figure 5. 2. Follow the instructions shown on the next page to configure the signal generator and 8990B to perform CCDF measurement. 10

Instructions On ESG Keystrokes 1. Set instrument to its default settings. Press [Preset] 2. Set the frequency and amplitude. Frequency = 1 GHz Amplitude = 0 dbm 3. Configure the pulse waveform. Pulse period = 1 ms Pulse width = 200 us Press [Frequency] [1] {GHz} Press [Amplitude] [0] {dbm} Press [Pulse] {Pulse Period} [1] {ms} Select {Pulse Width} [200] {μs} 4. Turn on the pulse signal. Toggle {Pulse ON} Toggle [RF On/Off] to ON Toggle [Mod On/Off] to ON On 8990B 5. Set instrument to CCDF measurement mode. In toolbar menu, click {Acquisition} {CCDF} 6. Set trace scale to 30 db. In CCDF menu, click {Setup} to access the CCDF Setup Menu. Select {Scale} {3} {OK}. 7. Set Gaussian noise trace. On the Trace Display tab, select {Gaussian}. Click {Close} to exit the CCDF Setup menu. See Figure 13. Figure 13. CCDF graph display: The yellow reference line indicates input signal and the blue reference line indicates the noise curve for band-limited Gaussian. The Measurement pane displays CCDF measurement for specified power measurement in percentage of time. 11

Demonstration 4 Delay Measurement Objectives Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to perform delay measurement by capturing multiple pulse waveform and compute the delay period between pulses. The delay measurement function is useful when measuring time separation between two different channels. When this function is turned on, the markers are automatically positioned on the rising edge or falling edge of the measured channels, depending on the threshold level set. The same threshold level is applied to both measured channels. Triggering pulse Video Channel 3 Trigger delay Amplifier response RF pulse RF Channel 1 Figure 14. This diagram illustrates the pulse-to-pulse or channel-to-channel delay measurement Procedures 1. Connect the instruments as shown in Figure 15. 2. Follow the instructions shown on the next page to configure the signal generator, function generator, and 8990B to perform delay measurement. Ext 1 Input E4438C ESG Signal Generator 8990 Peak Power Analyzer 33250A Function Generator Sync Output BNC Cable N1923A Wideband Power Sensor BNC Cable Figure 15. Setup diagram for delay measurement 12

Instructions On ESG Keystrokes 1. Set instrument to its default settings. Press [Preset] 2. Set the frequency and amplitude. Frequency = 1 GHz Amplitude = 0 dbm 3. Configure the pulse generator to external event. Press [Frequency] [1] {GHz} Press [Amplitude] [0] {dbm} Press [Pulse] {Pulse Source} {Ext1 DC-Coupled} Toggle {Pulse ON} 4. Turn on the pulse signal. Toggle [RF On/Off] to ON Toggle [Mod On/Off] to ON On 33250A 5. Set instrument waveform to pulse mode. 6. Configure the pulse waveform. Pulse period = 1 ms Pulse width = 100 us 7. 8. Configure peak-to-peak voltage. V p-p = 1 V pp Set pulse waveform polarity to normal mode. Press [Pulse] 9. Turn on the pulse signal. Press [Output] On 8990B 10. Set instrument to autoscale mode to optimize the display. Press {Pulse Period} [1] {msec} Press {Pulse Width} [100] {usec} In pulse mode, press {Ampl} [1] {Vpp} Press [Utility] and select {Output Setup} {Normal} Press [Auto Scale] 11. Set trigger source to Channel 1. In Trigger menu, click {Source} {1} 12. Set Channel 1 frequency to 1 GHz. In toolbar menu, click {Setup} {Channel 1}. Select {Frequency} {1} {G} {OK}. Click {Close} to exit the Channel Setup menu. 13. 14. Set horizontal time scale to zoom in the pulse width at 1 μs. Set channel vertical scale to capture the display. Channel 1 = 20 db/div Channel 2 = 500 mv/div Go to {H} and toggle {+} or { } until you get 1 μs scale Go to {1} and toggle {+} or { } until you get 20 db scale Go to {2} and toggle {+} or { } until you get 500 mv scale 15. Configure delay measurement. In Multi Purpose pane, select {Markers} {Delay Measurement}. In Delay Measurement Setup menu, select {A} to {Channel 2} and {B} to {Channel 1}. Click {Close} to exit. See Figure 16. 13

Figure 16. Delay measurement in Multi Purpose pane. This example illustrates the use of 8990B in measuring and analyzing delay between triggering pulse and actual transmitter RF pulse output. 14

Demonstration 5 Spacing Measurement Objectives Demonstrate the capability of 8990B to perform spacing measurement by capturing pulse waveform and compute spacing pulse interval within the same channel. The spacing measurement function measures the delay between pulses of the same channels. When this function is turned on, the markers are automatically positioned on the rising edge or falling edge of the specified pulse. You can specify any type of pulse waveform for spacing pulse interval measurement. Channel Spacing Measurement Figure 17. This diagram illustrates spacing measurements within same channel Procedures 1. Connect the instruments according to Figure 18. 2. Make sure your PC is installed with Signal Studio Pulse Building software before you proceed. 3. Follow the instructions shown on the next page to configure the signal generator, 8990B, as well as the Signal Studio Pulse Building software to perform spacing measurement. PC LAN or USB-GPIB Interface 8990 Peak Power Analyzer E4438C ESG Signal Generator N1923A Wideband Power Sensor Figure 18. Setup diagram for spacing measurement 15

Instructions On ESG Keystrokes 1. Set instrument to its default settings. Press [Preset] On PC 2. Open the Signal Studio Pulse Building software. 3. Configure signal generator connection via GPIB. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Configure first pulse waveform with 20 μs pulse width. Create and configure second pulse waveform with 30 μs pulse width. Create and configure third pulse waveform with 50 μs pulse width. Set the frequency and amplitude. Frequency = 1 GHz Amplitude = 0 dbm Configure first pulse with 50.3 μs pulse period. NOTE: By default, the first pulse waveform will be assigned automatically in Pattern Library. Add the second pulse waveform in Pattern Library and configure the second pulse with 100.3 μs pulse period. 10. Add the third pulse waveform in Pattern Library and configure the third pulse with 200.3 μs pulse period. 11. Download the pulse signal to the signal generator. Click Start > All Program > Agilent Signal Studio > Pulse Building > Pulse Building Go to System > Change Hardware Connection > Next > GPIB. Type your desired Primary Address for example: 19 and click Test I/O Connection. For successful connection, click OK > Next. Then, type the appropriate description for the connection and click Finish. For unsuccessful connection, verify the instrument connection and GPIB address of the signal generator accordingly. Repeat step 4 to verify the connection. In Pulse Library, go to New Pulse 1 > Pulse Details. Select Width(100%-100%) and type 20 μs. In Pulses menu, right-click to select New. New Pulse 2 will be created. In Pulse Details, select Pulse Width(100%-100%) and type 30 μs In Pulses menu, right-click to select New. New Pulse 3 will be created. In Pulse Details, select Pulse Width(100%-100%) and type 50 μs. See Figure 19. Click Pattern Library and set Frequency to 1 GHz and Amplitude to 0 dbm Go to Pattern Library menu > Index 1 and configure as below: Object name: New Pulse 1 Repetition Interval: 50.3 μs Go to Pattern Library menu and right-click to select Appen. Index 2 will be added to the Pattern Library. Configure as below: Object name: New Pulse 2 Repetition Interval: 100.3 μs Go to Pattern Library menu and right-click to select Appen. Index 3 will be added to the Pattern Library. Configure as below: Object name: New Pulse 3 Repetition Interval: 200.3 μs See Figure 20. On the toolbar menu, click Download > Download & Play NOTE: If you encounter any errors, refer to the Signal Studio software online help. 16

Figure 19. New Pulse 1, New Pulse 2, and New Pulse 3 with pulse widths of 20 μs, 30 μs, and 50 μs are created in Pulse Library Figure 20. New Pulse 1, New Pulse 2, and New Pulse 3 with pulse periods (repetitive interval) of 50.3 μs, 100.3 μs, and 200.3 μs are added to the Pattern Library 17

Instructions On 8990B 12. Set instrument to autoscale mode to optimize the display. Keystrokes Press [Auto Scale] 13. Set trigger source to Channel 1. In Trigger menu, click {Source} {1} 14. Set trigger holdoff to 200 μs. In Trigger menu, click {Holdoff} {200u} {OK} 15. Set Channel 1 frequency to 1 GHz. In toolbar menu, click {Setup} {Channel 1}. Select {Frequency} {1} {G} {OK}. Click {Close} to exit the Channel Setup menu. 16. 17. 18. Set horizontal time scale to zoom in the pulse width at 50 μs. Set channel vertical scale to capture the display. Configure spacing measurement: Pulse 1 to Pulse 3. Go to {H} and toggle {+} or { } until you get 50 μs scale Go to {1} and toggle {+} or { } until you get 10 db scale In Multi Purpose pane, select {Markers} {Spacing Measurement} In Spacing Measurement Setup menu, select {A} to {Pulse 1} and {B} to {Pulse 3}. Click {Apply} {OK} to exit the Spacing Measurement Setup menu. See Figure 21. New Pulse 3 (50 μs pulse width) New Pulse 2 (30 μs pulse width) New Pulse 1 (20 μs pulse width) Figure 21. Spacing measurement with Pulse 1 to Pulse 3 indicating 151 μs interval on the same channel. 18

Ordering Information For further information, refer to Agilent 8990B Quick Fact Sheet, Literature Number 5990-8091EN. Related Literature Agilent Radar Measurement, Application Note, Literature Number 5989-7575EN IEEE Standard for Pulse Transformers, ANSI/IEEE Std 390 TM -1987 (R2007) Agilent 8990B Peak Power Analyzer, User s guide, Literature Number 08990-90005 Agilent 8990B Peak Power Analyzer and N1923A/24A Wideband Power Sensor, Data Sheet, Literature Number 5990-8126EN For the most up-to-date and complete application and product information, visit our product website at: www.agilent.com/find/peakpoweranalyzer 19

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