page(s) Contents v-viii Figures & tables ix Sources cited x-xxvi Abbreviations & Introduction 1 The Egyptian language 33-36 2 The writing System: its principles 36-40 3 One-consonant signs as phonograms, and phonetics 41-42 4 Two-consonant signs as phonograms 42-45 5 Three-consonant signs as phonograms 46-47 6 Ideograms and determinatives 47-50 7 The of the hieroglyphs 8 Special writings: Orientation, abbreviation, etc. -55 9 The and social Status of writing 55-57 10 Phonology: basic details 57-62 Sterns, parts of and endings 62-66 12 Nouns: l.gender 67-70 13 Nouns: 2. syntax, 70-73 14 Nouns: 3. Derived nouns and adjectives 73-76 15 Special writings: 2. 76-78 16 Pronouns and auxiliary nouns: a survey 78 17 The pronouns 79-83 18 The independent pronouns 83-85 19 dependent pronouns 85-88 20 The demonstrative pronouns 88-94 21. 94-98 22 Quantifiers 23 Indefinite auxiliary nouns etc.) 100-101 24 ky and diversification 102-103 25 Expressions for etc.) 26 Reflexives (ds= etc.) and replacives (hm etc.) 27 Possessive and privative expressions iw.t.y, etc.) 106-107 28 The interrogatives 29 Prepositions: 1. General; simple 110-114 30 Prepositions: 2. Compound 114-117 page(s) Borghouts, Joris Frans Egyptian 2010 digitalisiert durch: IDS Luzern
vi CONTENTS page(s) 31 32 Particles: 1. particles 121-130 33 Particles: 2. Enclitic particles 34 Interjections 133-134 35 The verbal System, general: Introduction 36 The verbal general: 2. and conjugations 136-140 37 The verbal general: 3. Tense, aspect, voice, word order 38 The verbal general: 4. Auxiliary verbs 145-147 39 The Infinitive: 1. General; syntactic primaries, syntax 147-150 40 The Infinitive: 2. Independent and dependent uses; negation The Infinitive: 3. After prepositions, as a predicate 42 Other verbal nouns: Negatival Gerunds 43 The Stative: 1. General; morphology, syntax 163-166 44 The Stative: 2. Independent and dependent uses 45 The Stative: As an predicate 46 The Imperative and 47 The Prospective: 1. General, morphology, and syntax 175-178 48 The Prospective: 2. Independent use 49 The Prospective: 3. In pairs, and (consecutive) 50 The Prospective: 4. As a dependent pattern The Prospective: Negated 52 The Subsequential (the ki patterns) 53 The 1 General, morphology, affirmative and active uses 194-197 54 The Terminative: 2. Negated, passivized, particulars 197-200 55 The Momentaneous: 1. General, morphology, syntax 200-201 56 The Momentaneous: 2. Uses 201-207 57 The Consequential (the patterns) and the Eventual (the in pattern) 58 The 1. General, morphology, syntax 211-212 59 The Circumstantial: 2. Embedded clause 212-214 60 The Circumstantial: 3. Embedded after a word 61 The General, morphology, and syntax 220-223 62 The Imperfective: 2. Pivot inside the clause 224-228 63 The Imperfective: 3. Pivot outside the clause 228-231 64 The Imperfective: 4. Dependent, negated 232-235 65 syntax 235-238
page(s) 66 The Perfect: 2. Embedded 239-243 67 The Perfect: 3. In serialization 243-247 68 The Perfect: 4. Pivot inside the clause, and negated 247-250 69 The Perfect: 5. Pivot outside the clause; Perfects paired 250-254 70 The Passives 1. General, morphology, syntax 254-256 The and sdmm=f Passives: 2. Uses 256-259 72 Participials: general 260-261 73 (sdm.ty=fy) 261-263 74 The Standard Participles: 1. General, morphology, syntax 263-267 75 Participles: 2. Imperfective 267-270 76 Participles: 3. Perfective 270-272 77 Participles: 4. Particulars: negation, substantivization, etc. 273-276 78 1. morphology 276-280 79 Relative forms: 2. Uses; specific constructions of participials 280-286 80 Quoting, and quotation patterns (with dd, in-, hr- and ki-) 287-290 81 Surveys: 1 Compound verb forms; 2 verb 3 nominal and 291-294 verbal suffixes 82 Syntax: a general survey 295 83 Direct annexion 295-300 84 Modification 300-303 85 Indirect annexion (with n(y)) 303-306 86 Partitive phrases (adposition) 87 Apposition 310-312 88 Coordination 313-315 89 word constructions 315 90 Clauses: general characteristics 316-318 Grammatical, and functions 92 Existential clauses 325-327 93 Deictic clauses 327-332 94 Presentational clauses 332-333 95 Ascriptive clauses 333-339 96 Possessive clauses 339-342 97 Situative clauses: General 342-345 98 Situative clauses: 2. With a predicate 99 Situative clauses: 3. With a verbal predicate 351-358 100 Situative clauses: 4. Particulars, negated 358-364
viii CONTENTS 102 Equational clauses: 2. Bipartite, with a predicate 367-370 103 Equational clauses: 3. Bipartite, with a verbal predicate 370-374 104 Equational clauses: 4. Tripartite, negated 374-380 105 Various clauses with a verbal predicate: word order, passivization, 380-386 object and subject suppression 106 Negation in general 386-391 107 Interrogative clauses 392-398 108 Relative clauses: 1. General; Type (1), with straight reference 398-403 109 Relative clauses: 2. Type (2), with oblique reference; particulars 403-410 110 constructions: focus 410-418 Prominence constructions: 2. Emphasis Compound and sentences: general 422-423 Complex sentences, Type (1): + relative clause 423 Complex sentences, Type (2): main clause + subordinate 424 noun Complex sentences, Type (3): main + unmarked adverbial subordinate 424-425 clause Complex sentences, Type (4): main + adverbial subordinate 425-426 clause 117 Complex sentences, Type (5): Conditionals and Temporals 427-433 118 Compound sentences: one or coordinated clauses 433-434 An outline of analysis 434-436 Appendix 1 Dating methods 438-439 Appendix 2 Royal 439-440 Appendix 3 The text of the Middle Kingdom 441-446 Appendix 4 Grammars, reading books and dictionaries of Middle 447-448 Egyptian Index 1 Egyptian-English word 450-481 Index 2 English-Egyptian word list 482-493 Index 3 Egyptian words Index 4 Grammatical, literary, etc. terms 512-536 Index 5 General grammatical terms 537-543 Index 6 Passages quoted in vol. I Index 7 with A.H. Egyptian 575-581
fig. 1 Without determinative 6.d fig. 2 The orientation of signs 8.a fig. 3 A scribe and his patron deity Thoth 9.a fig. 4 Scribes at work 9.b FIGURES fig. 5 The composition of an average verb pattern 36 fig. 6 A vizier in regalia fig. 7 A harsh treatment (a fig. 8 The act of giving fig. 9 The act of having given fig. 10 Complex and Compound sentences given a beating) 46.e.2 (iv) scene 15) 66.f.l 60.d.2 fig. The and titles of queen Hatshepsut, her at Deir Bahari (Appendix 2) TABLES table 1 Egypt's languages and their stages table 21 The endings of the Stative 43.a table 2 The functions of a 2.d.3 table 22 The morphology of the Prospective table 3 The one-consonant signs 3.b table 4 Common two-consonant signs 4.d table 23 The morphology of the Suffixing Participle 73.b.l table 5 Frequent three-consonant signs 5.c table 24 The morphology of the Standard table 6 The function of determinatives 6.b Participles 74.b table 7 Common determinatives 6.c table 25 The morphology of the Relative table 8 The gender of nouns 12.b.l table 9 Nouns and prepositions 12.c the 10 The nouns 15.d table The suffix pronouns 17.a. 1 fc table 12 The independent pronouns 18.a.l table 13 The dependent pronouns 19.a.l clause 97.e table 14 The demonstrative pronouns 20.a. 1 30 The structure of an average verbal,, situative clause 99.a table The of the demonstratives 20.g table 31 The structure of deictic and equational table 16 The morphology of ky 24.a clauses 104.f table 17 The interrogatives 28.a Negations and their uses 106.k table The scope of the prepositions and r table 33 The morphology of nty table 34 Plan of an average clause table 19 prepositional phrases,..., table 35 Conditionals and table 20 The particles 32.c 117.e
SIGN page(s) List Descriptive List 2: 172-182 List 3: Signs arranged according to size & form List 4: Hieroglyphs handwritten SECTIONS 197-405 Introduction to the Exercises in the 33 Sections Section 1 200-204 Section 18 298-303 Section 2 205-210 Section 19 304-309 Section 3 Section 20 310-316 Section 4 214-217 Section 21 317-324 Section 5 218-221 Section 22 325-332 Section 6 222-226 Section 23 333-339 Section 7 227-231 Section 24 340-348 Section 8 232-237 Section 25 349-355 Section 9 238-244 Section 26 356-361 Section 10 245-251 Section 27 362-367 Section 252-258 Section 28 368-374 Section 12 259-265 Section 29 375-380 Section 13 266-272 Section 30 381-385 Section 14 273-278 Section 31 386-392 Section 15 279-284 Section 32 393-399 Section 16 285-290 Section 33 400-405 Section 17 291-297
no. READING TEXTS page(s) 1 Story of the Shipwrecked 2 stela Louvre 414 3 415 4 Berlin 5 stela Tübingen 458 418 6 stela Leiden V.88 419 7 stela New 8 stela Leiden V.4 422-423 9 CG 20809 423 10 32199 [= II.2] 424 Wadi 425 426 pap. Turin CG 54003, rt., 427 14 Ptahhotep 428-429 from the Teaching for king Merikare' 16 Aswan inscription of king Thutmosis II 432-433 Book of the Dead spell [6] 433 (from shabti B.M. 35365) of the Dead spell [30A] 434 (from the of Nu) 19 New 17.190.160 435 20 stela Carlsb. 435 49 NOTES TO THE READING TEXTS 436-482