Chapter 18: How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract Name: 18.1: Electron-Dot Structures Help Us to Understand Bonding What are the 3 types of bonds we will be learning about? When 2 atoms meet, which part of the atom interacts in bonding? Recall electron shells from Ch. 15: Draw the electron shell for an atom of Nitrogen. What are valence electrons? What is an Electron-Dot Structure (aka )? Draw the Electron-Dot Structures for the following elements: 1. Hydrogen 6. Oxygen 2. Beryllium 7. Fluorine 3. Boron 8. Neon 4. Carbon 9. Sodium 5. Nitrogen 10. Chlorine What are non-bonding pairs of electrons? What about unpaired electrons? 18.2: Atoms Can Lose or Gain Electrons to Become Ions Define Ion: 1
There are 2 types of ions: 1. 2. A is formed when a neutral atom 1 or more electrons. Metals lose electrons to form positive ions. Ex (Draw out): An is formed when a neutral atom 1 or more electrons. Nonmetals gain electrons to form negative ions. Ex (Draw out): The periodic table tells us the type of ion that each atom tends to form. Turn to the periodic table & label the groups. Questions to Ponder Why does the sodium atom tend to lose its outer electron (sodium has a charge)? Why does the fluorine atom tend not to lose any of its outer electrons (fluorine has a charge)? Why do noble gases not form any ions (nobles gases have a charge)? 18.3: Ionic Bonds Result from a Transfer of Electrons Define an Ionic Compound: Ionic compounds are held together by. What is an Ionic Bond? Show how sodium chloride (table salt) forms draw this out. Give some examples of Ionic Compounds: 2
A chemical compound must have an overall charge of. Therefore, if it contains ions (an ionic compound), the charges on the ions must always add up to in the formula. An ionic compound is formed by the combination of a and a. We will use the Method in order to find the chemical formulas of ionic compounds. Give the chemical formula for each of the following ionic compounds and draw the formation of the compound: 1. sodium fluoride 2. potassium iodide formula: Draw the formation below: formula: Draw the formation below: 3. aluminum oxide 4. calcium fluoride formula: Draw the formation below: formula: Draw the formation below: How is sodium chloride arranged in a 3D-model? Draw a sketch! 18.4: Metal Atoms Bond by Losing Their Electrons Define a Metallic Bond: Draw a sketch of this. What is an Alloy? Give some examples of alloys: 3
18.5: Covalent Bonds Result from a Sharing of Electrons Define a Covalent Compound: Covalent compounds are held together by. What is a covalent bond? Give some examples of Covalent Compounds: How does an F 2 molecule form? How does an NH 3 molecule form? What is NH 3 called? How does a CH 4 molecule form? What is CH 4 called? It is possible for 2 atoms to share more than 2 electrons between them. When atoms share 4 electrons, this is called a. Draw out an O 2 molecule. When atoms share 6 electrons, this is called a. Draw out an N 2 molecule. 4
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It s a Chemical Bond Nothin on You Remix [CHORUS] - Ionic bonds, and covalent bonds, Forming and breaking, new molecules making, It's a chemical bond, babehhhhh, A chemical bond, baby, Electron pairs, are they transferred or shared? How do you name them, is polarity there? It's a chemical bond, baby, A chemical bond, baby. [RAP VERSE 2] Im'a talk about covalent bonds now Two nonmetals bond, you wanna know how? Atoms come together, cause they want an octet They share electrons to get eight in their set. Covalent differs from ionic greatly: They have a smaller difference in e-negativity, Percent ionic character is less obviously, What, about polarity? [RAP VERSE 1] - Okay first off we'll start with ionic. They deal with ions, isn't that ironic, Cations, anions, polyatomic, Make a strong bond, like a bomb that's atomic, Typically a metal and a nonmetal bond, To get an octet so that they become strong, They get together and transfer electrons, They share them equally, neither one is conned. [SINGING VERSE 2] Non-polar, beats polar, When it comes to sharing equally. But polar, has a higher, Melting point than non-polar's be. Naming them is easy thankfully, Just put a prefix on the atom please, Rappin' bout bonds, yeah I'm a G. G...G...G [SINGING VERSE 1] - What makes the bonds stronger? And last longer? And have a higher melting point you think? A correct inference, would be the difference, In electronegativity. To name it put the cation first you see, And on the anion put I D E Unless it's polyatomic then let it be Be...be...be... [BRIDGE] Now metallic bonds, are the bond type number three. Electrons aren't stagnant, they move around in a sea. It's senior year with Standish, and I'm lucky with a "C," Can't wait to get out of here, it's AP Chemistry. [CHORUS] 10