UK Yearbook 2016 Sheep

UK Yearbook 2016 Sheep

AHDB Beef & Lamb Stoneleigh Park Kenilworth Warwickshire CV8 2TL Tel: 024 7669 2051 beefandlamb.ahdb.org.uk Cover pictures: Cattle Dan Vostok/Shutterstock.com Sheep AHDB Beef & Lamb Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2016. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including by photocopy or storage in any medium by electronic means) or any copy or adaptation stored, published or distributed (by physical, electronic or other means) without the prior permission in writing of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, other than by reproduction in an unmodified form for the sole purpose of use as an information resource when the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board is clearly acknowledged as the source, or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. All other trademarks, logos and brand names contained in this publication are the trademarks of their respective holders. No rights are granted without the prior written permission of the relevant owners. While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. ISBN: 978-1-904437-98-7

Contents UK Yearbook 2016 Sheep Page 1. Introduction...1 2. Marketing Chain 2.1 Mutton and lamb balance sheet, UK, 2012 2015... 2 2.2 Product flows in the sheep meat marketing chain, UK, 2015... 2 3. Livestock Numbers 3.1 Density of breeding ewes, UK, June 2013...3 3.2 Sheep numbers by category, UK, June 2012 2015... 4 3.3 Sheep numbers by region, UK, June 2012 2015...4 3.4 Breeding ewe holdings by flock size and region, UK, June 2014... 5 4. Slaughterings and Production 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2012 2015...6 4.2 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1991 2015...6 4.3 Sheep slaughterings, UK, 2012 2015...6 4.4 Sheep slaughterings by region, UK, 2012 2015...7 4.5 Changes in share of sheep slaughterings by region, UK, 1996/2015... 7 4.6 Sheep average carcase weights, UK, 2012 2015...8 4.7 Liveweight/deadweight sheep marketings, GB, 1991 2015... 8 4.8 Sheep meat production by region, UK, 2012 2015... 8 5. Consumption 5.1 Change in retail volume and value sales of lamb products, GB, 2011/2015...9 5.2 Percentage of lamb products sold on promotion, GB, 2011 2015... 9 5.3 Retail expenditure profile for lamb, GB, 2015... 10

Contents Page 6. Livestock and Meat Prices 6.1 Deadweight lamb prices, GB, 2012 2015... 11 6.2 Seasonality of lamb prices, GB, 2012 2015... 11 6.3 Liveweight sheep prices, GB, 2012 2015... 12 6.4 Store lamb prices, England and Wales, 2012 2015... 12 6.5 Farm to retail lamb price spreads, GB, 2012 2015... 12 7. Imports and Exports 7.1 Volume and value of sheep meat imports, UK, 2012 2015... 13 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen sheep meat, UK, 2012 2015... 13 7.3 Imports of sheep offal by source, UK, 2012 2015... 14 7.4 Imports of sheep meat by product, UK, 2015... 14 7.5 Volume and value of sheep meat exports, UK, 2012 2015... 14 7.6 Exports of fresh/frozen sheep meat, UK, 2012 2015... 15 7.7 Exports of sheep offal by destination, UK, 2012 2015... 15 7.8 Map of UK fresh/frozen sheep meat exports by destination... 16 8. Abattoirs 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2012 2015... 17 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, England, 2015... 17 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering sheep, England, 2015... 18 9. Auction Markets 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2015... 19 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2012 2015... 19 9.3 Auction markets held by region, GB, 2012 2015...20 9.4 Auction markets selling finished sheep by size, GB, 2015...20 9.5 Auction markets selling finished sheep by size, England, 2015... 21 9.6 Auction markets selling finished sheep by size, Wales, 2015... 21 9.7 Auction markets selling finished sheep by size, Scotland, 2015...22 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime lambs, GB, 2015...22 10. Carcase Classification 10.1 Percentage distribution of lamb carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2015...23 10.2 Percentage distribution of lamb carcases by conformation and fat class, by region, 2015...23 10.3 Percentage change in distribution of lamb carcases, GB, 2005/2015...23 10.4 Percentage of lambs meeting target specification by weight range, GB, 2015...24 11. Notes...25

Introduction Introduction The statistics in the latest edition of the AHDB Beef & Lamb yearbook show that 2015 was a difficult year for the sheep sector, with high levels of production and testing export conditions leading to low price levels. The weather was generally considered to be excellent throughout the year, with mild weather across the country at both the start and end of the production year, aiding lamb survival rates. The fine summer resulted in good pasture conditions and costs for bought-in feed continued to fall. Prices were, on average below the levels seen in 2014, this was despite prices in the first quarter of the year being level with 2014, as the normal seasonal uplift in prices during late spring and early summer was not seen. Prices then remained below year-earlier levels for much of the rest of the year. Cull ewes began 2015 at record levels due to tight supplies, prices did fall as the season progressed but remained at high levels as low slaughterings continued. The results of the AHDB Beef & Lamb Stocktake benchmarking report for 2014 continued to show that market prices were below the average cost of production. As such, the industry remained reliant on other forms of income during 2014. Production in 2015 began the year ahead of levels seen a year earlier, a trend which continued for much of the rest of the year, before declining in the final quarter of the year due to a decline in the size of the lamb crop in 2015. Import volumes for the year as a whole were level with the previous year, with shipments generally seeing large increases towards the end of the year. New Zealand remained by far the largest supplier of lamb to the UK, with volumes increasing during the year. While import volumes remained stable, the value of the products shipped to the UK was down in 2015. There have been doubts raised over the accuracy of the data regarding exports from the UK in 2015 as they show a large decline in volumes being shipped. Defra figures showing sheep populations in December 2015 indicate continued growth for overall UK sheep numbers, with the breeding flock remaining stable. Following the trend seen in 2014, much of the growth was in England, with decreases seen in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. On the global scale, demand for sheep meat continues to generally follow the pattern seen in recent years, with demand in developing countries increasing, while demand for lamb in traditional markets seems to be falling. However, the rise in Chinese demand seen in previous years was reversed in 2015. The UK looks well placed to take advantage of expected supply constraints from New Zealand, especially as the current weakening of sterling against the euro, will make UK product more competitive on the European Market. The contents of the 2016 AHDB Beef & Lamb Yearbook provide you with an overview of facts and figures from the beef and sheep sectors during 2015. We hope it serves as a useful guide for industry and wider interested stakeholders. 1

Marketing Chain 2.1 Mutton and lamb balance sheet, UK, 2012 2015 (000 tonnes) 2012 2013 2014 2015* Production 275.4 289.5 297.5 300.2 Imports 100.3 115.5 107.8 109.7 Fresh/frozen 99.2 112.4 105.6 107.6 Processed 1.1 3.1 3.1 2.1 Exports 99.0 109.0 107.6 83.1 Total consumption 276.8 295.9 297.7 326.8 Note: Total supplies of meat available for consumption, including imported processed meat. Net production figures are for standard 52 week years. All fresh meat and processed products have been converted to carcase weight equivalent (cwe). *Other data suggests exports may be greater than official figures from HMRC. Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, Defra, GTIS/HMRC 2.2 Product flows in the sheep meat marketing chain, UK, 2015 (Volumes are cwe) Sheep slaughterings 14.7 million head Clean sheep: 13.1 million head Ewes/rams: 1.6 million head 1,074 million Liveweight sales - 56% Sheep 8.0 million head 601 million Deadweight sales - 44% Sheep 6.7 million 472 million Slaughtered production 300,200 tonnes Meat exports* Total: 83,000 tonnes Carcase: 83,000 tonnes Processed: 200 tonnes Total: 303 million Wholesalers/depots/ traders Total sheep meat usage 326,800 tonnes 2,613 million Meat imports Total: 110,000 tonnes Carcase: 108,000 tonnes Processed: 2,000 tonnes Total: 397 million Note: Liveweight and deadweight percentage splits are estimated based upon GB data. *Other data suggests exports may be greater than official figures from HMRC. Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, Defra, GTIS/HMRC 2

Livestock Numbers 3.1 Density of breeding ewes, UK, June 2013 Number per 100 hectares of farmed land. No Data <50 50-100 100-200 200-300 >300 Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 3

Livestock Numbers 3.2 Sheep numbers by category, UK, June 2012 2015 (000 head) Breeding Lambs under Other sheep Total sheep ewes one year and rams and lambs 2012 15,229 16,229 756 32,215 2013 15,561 16,381 914 32,856 2014 16,026 16,936 781 33,743 2015 16,024 16,528 785 33,337 Source: Defra 3.3 Sheep numbers by region, UK, June 2012 2015 (000 head) Breeding Other sheep Total sheep ewes and lambs and lambs England 2012 6,833 7,779 14,612 2013 7,091 7,831 14,922 2014 7,115 8,274 15,389 2015 7,057 8,085 15,142 Wales 2012 4,169 4,729 8,898 2013 4,275 5,185 9,461 2014 4,766 4,973 9,739 2015 4,743 4,761 9,504 Scotland 2012 3,290 3,446 6,736 2013 3,274 3,297 6,571 2014 3,235 3,457 6,693 2015 3,286 3,416 6,701 Northern Ireland 2012 937 1,031 1,969 2013 921 982 1,904 2014 911 1,012 1,923 2015 939 1,051 1,990 Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 4

Livestock Numbers 3.4 Breeding ewe holdings by flock size and region, UK, June 2014 England 34,583 breeding ewe holdings 10% 15% 18% 1-19 20-49 50-124 125-499 500+ 34% 23% 15% Wales 13,108 breeding ewe holdings 9% 41% 1-99 100-199 200-499 500-999 1,000+ 22% 13% 16% Scotland 12,714 breeding ewe holdings 8% 4% 1-99 100-199 200-499 500-999 1,000+ 59% 13% 21% Northern Ireland 8,844 breeding ewe holdings 2% 11% 1-99 100-199 200-499 500-999 1,000+ 66% Source: Defra, Dardni, Scottish Government, Welsh Government 5

Slaughterings and Production 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2012 2015 (000 tonnes) Beef and Lamb and Total red Pig meat Offal veal mutton meat (a) 2012 885 275 825 139 1,985 2013 847 289 833 138 1,969 2014 877 298 863 143 2,038 2015 883 300 898 145 2,082 Note: Figures are 52 week equivalents (a) Excludes offal Source: Defra 4.2 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1991 2015 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 000 tonnes 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Beef and veal Lamb and mutton Pig meat Note: Figures are 52 week equivalents Source: Defra 4.3 Sheep slaughterings, UK, 2012 2015 6 (000 head) Clean sheep Ewes and rams Total 2012 11,899 1,847 13,746 2013 12,448 2,069 14,517 2014 12,814 1,805 14,620 2015 13,104 1,614 14,718 Note: Figures are 52 week equivalents Source: Defra

4.4 Sheep slaughterings by region, UK, 2012 2015 Slaughterings and Production (000 head) UK England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland 2012 13,746 8,496 3,463 1,364 424 2013 14,517 9,360 3,356 1,359 441 2014 14,620 9,358 3,395 1,370 496 2015 14,718 9,513 3,360 1,342 503 Note: Figures are 52 week equivalents Source: Defra, Welsh Government 4.5 Changes in share of sheep slaughterings by region, UK, 1996/2015 1996 16% 3% 18% 63% England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland 2015 9% 3% 23% 65% England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Source: Defra, Welsh Government 7

Slaughterings and Production 4.6 Sheep average carcase weights, UK, 2012 2015 (kg) Clean sheep Ewes and rams 2012 19.1 26.4 2013 19.0 25.9 2014 19.4 27.3 2015 19.6 26.7 Note: Figures are 52 week equivalents Source: Defra 4.7 Liveweight/deadweight sheep marketings, GB, 1991 2015 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Liveweight Deadweight Source: Defra, AHDB Beef & Lamb 4.8 Sheep meat production by region, UK, 2012 2015 8 (000 tonnes) UK England Wales Scotland N Ireland 2012 275.4 176.5 61.5 28.0 9.4 2013 289.5 190.4 62.1 27.3 9.7 2014 297.5 194.4 64.2 27.9 11.1 2015 300.2 197.1 64.3 27.6 11.2 Note: Figures are 52 week equivalents Source: Defra, Welsh Government

Consumption 5.1 Change in retail volume and value sales of lamb products, GB, 2011/2015 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 54 38 21 35 Volume Value 6 5 13 14 37 17 33 0% -10% -20% -30% -15-11 -12-21 -20-8 -8 Chops/steaks Leg roasting joint Shoulder roasting joint Mince Stewing Marinades Chilled main meal accompaniments Ready to cook Ready meals Note: Data covers 52 weeks ending early January of the following year. Source: Kantar WorldPanel 5.2 Percentage of lamb products sold on promotion, GB, 2011 2015 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Fresh & frozen primary lamb Chops/steaks Leg roasting joint Shoulder roasting joint 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Mince Stewing Note: Data covers 52 weeks ending early January of the following year. Source: Kantar WorldPanel 9

Consumption 5.3 Retail expenditure profile for lamb, GB, 2015 Fresh/frozen primary lamb 665 million 5% 31% 45% 11% 8% Frying/Grilling Other Stewing Mince Roasting Other lamb products 207million 10% 11% 13% 23% 43% Burgers and grills Chilled ready meals Ready to cook Chilled main meal accompaniments (a) Frozen ready meals Note: Other lamb products category above is not directly comparable with processed lamb sales in previous year s yearbook. (a) Includes single protein meal solutions Source: Kantar WorldPanel, 52 w/e 3 Jan 2016 Further information on meat consumption can be found in the Consumption section of the Cattle Yearbook. 10

Livestock and Meat Prices 6.1 Deadweight lamb prices, GB, 2012 2015 (p per kg) Standard Quality Quotation R3L Overall 2012 403.8 401.3 2013 415.5 414.1 2014 413.0 413.2 2015 381.0 375.8 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb 6.2 Seasonality of lamb prices, GB, 2012 2015 p per kg dw 520 500 480 460 440 420 400 380 360 340 320 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2012 2013 2014 2015 Note: Based on GB monthly deadweight prices for Standard Quality Quotation lambs. Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb 11

Livestock and Meat Prices 6.3 Liveweight sheep prices, GB, 2012 2015 Standard Quality Quotation (p per kg) Ewes ( per head) 2012 182.88 64.48 2013 183.22 51.58 2014 186.56 61.72 2015 169.63 65.21 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA, IAAS 6.4 Store lamb prices, England and Wales, 2012 2015 ( per head) Old season New season 2012 67.53 50.85 2013 49.24 53.71 2014 61.82 53.93 2015 62.01 49.95 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA 6.5 Farm to retail lamb price spreads, GB, 2012 2015 12 (p per kg) Ave. farm price Ave. retail price (a) Actual price spread Producer share of retail price (%) Others share of retail price (%) (b) 2012 401.3 777.5 376.2 51.6 48.4 2013 414.1 790.6 376.5 52.4 47.6 2014 413.2 818.8 405.6 50.5 49.5 2015 375.8 799.6 423.8 47.0 53.0 (a) Retail prices converted to an untrimmed carcase equivalent and adjustment made for drip loss. (b) This is the share received by rest of supply chain, including retailers, processers and wholesalers. Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb

Imports and Exports 7.1 Volume and value of sheep meat imports, UK, 2012 2015 Fresh/frozen sheep meat Offal (000 tonnes) ( million) (000 tonnes) ( million) 2012 86.2 368.9 8.8 12.9 2013 98.3 382.9 10.0 13.6 2014 92.5 407.4 9.8 14.1 2015 92.8 392.0 7.7 13.3 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS/HMRC 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen sheep meat, UK, 2012 2015 (000 tonnes) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Fresh/frozen sheep meat 86.2 98.3 92.5 92.8 of which: carcases 6.5 6.8 4.4 2.4 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS/HMRC bone-in cuts 53.7 63.3 61.9 61.0 boneless cuts 26.0 28.2 26.2 29.5 frozen 48.6 53.8 53.6 56.9 fresh/chilled 37.6 44.5 38.9 36.0 of which from: EU-28 12.0 12.9 11.4 9.0 Irish Republic 6.5 7.6 6.5 5.2 Spain 1.6 1.9 1.2 1.1 France 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.0 Netherlands 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.8 Non-EU 74.2 85.4 81.1 83.8 New Zealand 62.4 71.6 65.0 68.8 Australia 10.4 12.2 14.3 13.9 13

Imports and Exports 7.3 Imports of sheep offal by source, UK, 2012 2015 (000 tonnes) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sheep offal 8.8 10.0 9.8 7.7 of which from: New Zealand 7.9 9.0 8.1 6.4 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS/HMRC 7.4 Imports of sheep meat by product, UK, 2015 36% 25% 1% 1% 7% 30% Frozen boneless Chilled carcases Chilled bone-in cuts Chilled boneless Frozen carcases Frozen bone-in cuts Note: Volumes are shipped product weight Source: GTIS/HMRC 7.5 Volume and value of sheep meat exports, UK, 2012 2015 Fresh/frozen sheep meat Offal (000 tonnes) ( million) (000 tonnes) ( million) 2012 94.7 352.4 3.8 4.7 2013 103.7 383.7 3.0 4.1 2014 102.0 380.0 3.0 4.4 2015* 79.4 302.1 4.1 6.4 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight *Other data suggests exports may be greater than official figures from HMRC. Source: GTIS/HMRC 14

Imports and Exports 7.6 Exports of fresh/frozen sheep meat, UK, 2012 2015 (000 tonnes) 2012 2013 2014 2015* Fresh/frozen sheep meat 94.7 103.7 102.0 79.4 of which: carcases 68.4 67.9 58.5 52.5 cuts 26.4 35.8 43.5 26.9 frozen 14.7 22.3 21.7 9.4 fresh/chilled 80.0 81.4 80.2 69.9 of which to: EU-28 82.5 86.1 86.3 75.3 France 52.3 53.6 50.6 42.7 Germany 8.9 10.2 9.8 9.7 Irish Republic 5.6 4.9 8.1 7.3 Belgium 6.2 6.4 7.3 6.5 Italy 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.1 Non-EU 12.3 17.6 15.6 4.0 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight *Other data suggests exports may be greater than official figures from HMRC. Source: GTIS/HMRC 7.7 Exports of sheep offal by destination, UK, 2012 2015 2012 2013 2014 2015* 2012 2013 2014 2015* (000 tonnes) ( million) Total 3.8 3.0 3.0 4.1 4.7 4.1 4.4 6.4 of which to EU-28 3.0 2.7 2.6 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.7 4.5 of which to Non-EU 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.5 0.7 1.9 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight *Other data suggests exports may be greater than official figures from HMRC. Source: GTIS/HMRC 15

Imports and Exports 7.8 Map of UK fresh/frozen sheep meat exports by destination EU Non-EU Note: The above map shows countries the UK exported fresh/frozen sheep meat to in 2015, according to GTIS/HMRC. The website below provides guidance on exporting, including a list of Export Health Certificates (EHC) available: http://www.ukecp.com/ Source: GTIS/HMRC 16

Abattoirs 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2012 2015 2012 2013 2014 2015 Abattoir numbers 195 193 186 192 Throughput (000 GBU) 7,394 7,583 7,629 7,969 Average throughput (GBU) 37,919 39,292 41,021 41,508 Types of abattoirs Killing cattle 167 166 157 164 Killing sheep 162 159 152 157 Killing pigs 121 119 115 116 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, England, 2015 Size group (GBU) Number of abattoirs Total throughput Average throughput Share of throughput (%) 1-1,000 44 16,799 382 0.2 1,001-5,000 38 93,524 2,461 1.2 5,001-10,000 19 131,467 6,919 1.6 10,001-20,000 20 284,381 14,219 3.6 20,001-30,000 11 249,723 22,702 3.1 30,001-50,000 25 935,086 37,403 11.7 50,001-100,000 18 1,281,107 71,173 16.1 >100,000 17 4,977,505 292,794 62.5 Total 192 7,969,592 41,508 100.0 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb 17

Abattoirs 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering sheep, England, 2015 Size group (head) Number of abattoirs Total throughput Average throughput Share of throughput (%) 1-1,000 32 14,551 455 0.2 1,001-5,000 44 102,989 2,341 1.1 5,001-10,000 15 116,508 7,767 1.2 10,001-20,000 16 220,927 13,808 2.4 20,001-30,000 6 147,263 24,544 1.6 30,001-50,000 10 390,857 39,086 4.2 51,000-100,000 14 974,463 69,605 10.4 >100,000 20 7,411,247 370,562 79.0 Total 157 9,378,805 59,738 100.0 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb The efoodchainmap from AHDB is an interactive UK map, which plots a range of information, including the location of abattoirs, auction markets, meat processors and meat traders using colour coded pins. The map can be accessed at the website: https://www.emap.org.uk/map.aspx 18

Auction Markets 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2015 (000 head) England Wales Scotland GB New season lambs 2,399 926 529 3,854 Old season lambs 1,542 367 391 2,300 Total sheep 3,941 1,293 920 6,154 Cull ewes 1,187 376 250 1,813 Note: Data relates to finished markets only Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA, IAAS 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2012 2015 (number) England Wales Scotland GB 2012 71 26 18 115 2013 72 28 18 118 2014 71 26 18 115 2015 72 26 17 115 Note: Data relates to finished markets only Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA, IAAS 19

Auction Markets 9.3 Auction markets held by region, GB, 2012 2015 (number) England Wales Scotland GB 2012 4,151 1,265 956 6,372 2013 4,211 1,350 790 6,531 2014 4,225 1,346 978 6,549 2015 4,216 1,371 998 6,585 Note: Data relates to finished markets only Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA, IAAS 9.4 Auction markets selling finished sheep by size, GB, 2015 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total marketings (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-20,000 24 239,847 9,994 3.0 20,001-40,000 20 619,819 30,991 7.8 40,001-60,000 18 875,160 48,620 11.0 60,001-80,000 13 889,698 68,438 11.2 80,001-100,000 11 965,366 87,761 12.1 >100,000 25 4,377,182 175,087 54.9 Total 111 7,967,072 71,775 100.0 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA, IAAS 20

Auction Markets 9.5 Auction markets selling finished sheep by size, England, 2015 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total marketings (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-20,000 14 124,131 8,867 2.4 20,001-40,000 12 370,820 30,902 7.2 40,001-60,000 12 559,986 46,666 10.9 60,001-80,000 8 554,591 69,324 10.8 80,001-100,000 8 704,446 88,056 13.7 >100,000 17 2,814,600 165,565 54.9 Total 71 5,128,574 72,233 100.0 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA 9.6 Auction markets selling finished sheep by size, Wales, 2015 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total marketings (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-20,000 8 99,623 12,453 6.0 20,001-40,000 6 186,034 31,006 11.1 40,001-60,000 4 212,752 53,188 12.7 60,001-80,000 2 138,870 69,435 8.3 80,001-100,000 1 82,786 82,786 5.0 >100,000 4 949,097 237,274 56.9 Total 25 1,669,162 66,766 100.0 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA 21

Auction Markets 9.7 Auction markets selling finished sheep by size, Scotland, 2015 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total marketings (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-20,000 2 16,093 8,047 1.4 20,001-40,000 2 62,965 31,483 5.4 40,001-60,000 2 102,422 51,211 8.8 60,001-80,000 3 196,237 66,962 16.8 80,001-100,000 2 178,134 89,067 15.2 >100,000 4 613,485 153,371 52.5 Total 15 1,169,336 77,956 100.0 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, IAAS 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime lambs, GB, 2015 Head % share Total throughput 6,153,961 100.0 Top 3 662,664 10.8 Top 5 1,015,580 16.5 Top 10 1,734,682 28.2 10 largest auction markets (a): Bentham Darlington Longtown Ludlow Oswestry (a) In alphabetical, not size order. Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb, LAA, IAAS Ruthin Skipton St Asaph Stirling (ua) Welshpool 22

Carcase Classification 10.1 Percentage distribution of lamb carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2015 Fat class Increasing fatness All lambs 1 2 3L 3H 4L 4H 5 Total E 0.0 0.8 3.4 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 6.0 U 0.0 2.7 12.2 5.8 1.5 0.2 0.1 22.5 R 0.2 8.9 28.6 13.4 3.4 0.6 0.1 55.2 O 0.4 4.2 7.7 2.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 15.9 P 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 Total 0.8 16.8 52.0 23.5 5.7 1.0 0.2 Conformation class Improving conformation Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb 10.2 Percentage distribution of lamb carcases by conformation and fat class, by region, 2015 Fat class (%) 1 2 3L 3H 4L 4H 5 England 0.8 16.5 54.8 22.1 4.5 0.9 0.3 Wales 0.7 17.1 49.2 24.9 6.8 1.0 0.2 Conformation class (%) E U R O P England 1.7 14.4 61.2 21.8 0.9 Wales 10.4 28.9 49.7 10.9 0.1 Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb 10.3 Percentage change in distribution of lamb carcases, GB, 2005/2015 Fat class (%) 1 2 3 4 5 2005 0.8 21.3 69.6 5.8 0.6 2015 0.8 16.8 75.5 6.7 0.2 Conformation class (%) E U R O P 2005 1.4 15.4 57.6 23.7 1.9 2015 6.0 22.5 55.2 15.9 0.4 Note: Until 2008, P graded carcases were not allocated a fat class. Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb 23

Carcase Classification 10.4 Percentage of lambs meeting target specification by weight range, GB, 2015 Old Season Lambs <12kg 10.3% 1.6% New Season Lambs <12kg 15.9% 2.0% 88.1% 82.1% 12-15.9kg 12-15.9kg 27.7% 48.9% 40.9% 5.1% 67.1% 10.2% 16-19.9kg 16-19.9kg 32.2% 14.8% 18.0% 51.3% 16.5% 67.2% 20kg 11.0% 20kg 4.0% 38.0% 51.0% 37.0% 59.0% Overall 16.3% Target sector E, U or R conformation; 1, 2 or 3L fatness Too fat 3H or fatter but of adequate conformation Poor conformation O or worse 26.8% 56.8% Source: AHDB Beef & Lamb 24

Notes Notes The marketing chain The information given in this section has been produced by AHDB Beef & Lamb. It includes data derived from a number of sources as detailed elsewhere in the publication. In addition, in order to give as full a picture as possible of the UK meat market, data in some areas has been estimated, based on various surveys and known information. Livestock numbers The survey and census figures are collected for the United Kingdom and its regions by the various Agriculture Departments: Defra, Dardni, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government. The census of agricultural holdings is carried out in June each year. Slaughterings and production Slaughterings and production figures are provided by the UK Agriculture Departments; data for OTMS cattle is sourced from RPA. Further analysis, such as average carcase weights and the deadweight/liveweight marketing split, has been undertaken by AHDB Beef & Lamb. Consumption The data shown comes from a variety of sources, which are shown underneath each table. Due to the different methodologies employed by the various sources, it is sometimes not possible to make comparisons between the tables. It is therefore important that note is taken of the footnotes to the tables which indicate, for example, whether imported processed products are included or not, if consumption both in and outside the home has been measured or whether data is in product weight or carcase weight equivalent. Livestock and meat prices All data is sourced from AHDB Beef & Lamb unless otherwise indicated. Deadweight producer prices are collected from a sample of abattoirs, while liveweight producer prices are collected from a large sample of auction markets. For more information about how this data is collected, contact the Market Intelligence department of AHDB Beef & Lamb by emailing: BeefLamb.MI@ahdb.org.uk 25

Notes Imports and exports Statistics for trade between the UK and non-eu countries are collected by HMRC at the point of entry and exit. For trade with other EU countries, a system called Intrastat is used, based on trade undertaken by traders over a threshold value. Where trade data is given for EU-28 for 2011, 2012 and 2013 Croatia is included for comparison purposes. The trade figures are subject to revision as more information becomes available. Abattoirs Statistics shown are based on data collected by AHDB Beef & Lamb. For comparison purposes, some of the throughput figures are quoted in GB Livestock Units (GBU) where 1 GBU = 1 cattle beast = 2 pigs = 5 sheep. All data for the cattle sector excludes OTMS cattle. Auction markets All data is based on sales of finished stock only from markets which reported prices to AHDB Beef & Lamb. Carcase classification All data is sourced from AHDB Beef & Lamb, based on carcases classified by Meat & Livestock Commercial Services Ltd. For cattle, the sampling rate of carcases in 2015 was 1 in 3 and 447,994 carcases were analysed. For sheep, the sampling rate was 1 in 25 with 146,424 carcases analysed. General Please note total percentages in tables or charts may not add up to 100% due to rounding. 26