UK Yearbook 2013 Cattle
EBLEX Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board Stoneleigh Park Kenilworth Warwickshire CV8 2TL Tel: 024 7669 2051 www.eblex.org.uk Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2013. All rights reserved. While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, operating through its EBLEX division, seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. EBLEX is a division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB). ISBN 978-1-904437-62-1
Contents EBLEX UK Yearbook 2013 Cattle 1. Introduction...4 2. Marketing Chain 2.1 Meat balance sheet, UK, 2009-2012...5 2.2 Product fl ows in the beef marketing chain 2012...5 3. Livestock Numbers Page 3.1 Density of beef cows, June 2010...6 3.2 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2009-2012...7 3.3 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June 2008-2012...8 3.4 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June 2009-2011...9 3.5 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK...10 4. Slaughterings and Production 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2000-2012... 11 4.2 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1991-2012... 11 4.3 Cattle slaughtering, UK, 2000-2012... 12 4.4 Cattle slaughtering by region, UK, 2000-2012... 12 4.5 Changes in regional share of cattle slaughtering, UK, 1996-2012... 13 4.6 Cattle average carcase weights, UK, 2000-2012... 13 4.7 Liveweight/deadweight cattle marketings, GB, 1988-2012... 14 4.8 Beef and veal production by region, UK, 2000-2012... 14 1
Contents Page 5. Consumption 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2000-2012... 15 5.2 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1991-2012... 15 5.3 Per capita meat consumption, UK, 2000-2012...16 5.4 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, 2000-2012...16 5.5 Household expenditure on food and drink, UK, 2000-2011... 17 5.6 Share of expenditure on main food groups, UK, 2011... 17 5.7 Changes in source of retail meat purchases, UK, 2008-2012...18 5.8 Per capita beef consumption by region, UK, 2011...19 5.9 Household expenditure on beef by region, UK, 2011...19 5.10 Retail expenditure profile for beef, UK, 2012...20 6. Livestock and Meat Prices 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, 2008-2012...21 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2000-2012...22 6.3 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2009-2012...22 6.4 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, 1995-2012...23 6.5 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, 2008-2012...23 6.6 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, 2008-2012...24 6.7 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, 2000-2012...24 7. Imports and Exports 7.1 Volume and value of beef imports, UK, 2000-2012...25 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef by source, UK, 2010-2012...25 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, 2010-2012...26 7.4 Imports of beef by product, UK, 2012...26 7.5 Volume and value of cattle and beef exports, UK, 2000-2012...27 7.6 Exports of fresh/frozen beef by destination, UK, 2010-2012...27 2
Contents 8. Abattoirs Page 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2009-2012...28 8.2 Red meat abattoirs by size, England, 2012...28 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, 2012...28 9. Auction Markets 9.1 Auction market throughputs, GB, 2012...29 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2000-2012...29 9.3 Auction markets held by region, GB, 2008-2012...30 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2012...30 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2012...31 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2012...31 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2012...32 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2012...32 10. Carcase Classification 10.1 Percentage distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2000-2012...33 10.2 Percentage distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2012...33 10.3 Percentage change in distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 1995-2012...33 10.4 Percentage change in prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, 1995-2012...34 11. Notes...35 3
Introduction Introduction The UK yearbook for 2013 highlights another 12 months of improved fortunes for the English beef industry. The upwards trend in cattle prices seen throughout 2011 continued in 2012, with the pressure on prices continuing to come from the underlying contraction in supply, both domestically and on the global market, and robust domestic demand, despite challenging economic circumstances. With R4L steers in GB at an overall average of 350.3p/kg on a deadweight (dw) basis the highest on record this represented an uplift of 11 per cent on 2011 levels and up 26 per cent on 2010 levels. In 2012, UK prime cattle slaughterings totalled 1.97 million head. This was seven per cent lower than in 2011. Numbers were particularly tight in the first half of the year, with the decline in young bull slaughterings notable, as high cereal prices in recent years has put pressure on bull finishing margins. As a result of lower cattle supplies, beef and veal production in 2012 was considerably lower than in the year earlier. With tight global supplies, export demand continued to be robust. However, growth on the notable export volumes of 2011 was curtailed as a result of domestic availability and high prices. At 120,000 tonnes, volumes were down 16 per cent on 2011 levels, but still represented a nine per cent uplift on shipments in 2010. The trade was valued at almost 417 million. Although lower than last year, again this represents a significant uplift on 2010 levels. Offal exports in 2012 continued to perform strongly and increased 10 per cent on the year to 12,200 tonnes. The offal trade was worth 12.9 million, up five per cent on the year but representing a staggering 45 per cent uplift on the return in 2010. Imports were virtually unchanged in 2012 at 236,000 tonnes. Supplies from non-eu markets were lower and represented just 10 per cent of the UK import requirement in 2012 compared with almost a quarter five years ago. Prime cattle supplies are expected to increase marginally in 2013. The small rise is as a result of increased calf registrations at the end of 2011 and early 2012. Although total calf registrations in 2012 were fractionally higher on the year, beef calf registrations, male and female, were lower, a trend that has implications for future production of high quality beef. The contents of the 2013 UK yearbook provide an overview of facts and figures from the beef and sheep meat sectors during 2012. We hope it serves as a useful reference guide for industry and other interested stakeholders. 4
Marketing Chain 2.1 Meat balance sheet, UK, 2009-2012 Beef and Veal (000 tonnes) 2009 2010 2011 2012 Production 833 909 936 885 Imports (a) 404 397 384 406 (Fresh/frozen) (286) (294) 292 292 (Processed) (117) (103) 91 115 Exports (a) 105 137 174 147 Total consumption 1,130 1,169 1,147 1,145 Note: Total supplies of meat available for consumption, including imported processed meat. Net production figures are for standard 52-week years. (a) Total imports and exports including processed meat. Includes re-exported beef. All fresh meat and processed products, have been converted to carcase weight equivalent. Source: AHDB/EBLEX 2.2 Product flows in the beef marketing chain 2012 (Volumes are cwe) Exc. from food chain 10,000 head Prime cattle slaughterings 1.97 million head Cows and bull disposals 652,000 head Calf disposals 144,00 head Value of prod 2,846 million Cows and bull slaughter 642,000 head Calf slaughter 74,000 head (recorded) 70,000 (est unrecorded) Liveweight sales 22% Prime cattle = 18% Cows/bulls = 39% 0.60 million head 621 million Slaughtered production Total: 885,000 tonnes Prime cattle: 682,000 tonnes Cows/bulls: 199,000 tonnes Calves: 4,000 tonnes Deadweight sales 78% Prime cattle = 82% Cows/bulls = 61% 2.00 million head 2,225 million Meat exports Total: 147,000 tonnes Carcase: 137,000 tonnes Processed: 10,000 tonnes Total: 417 million Wholesalers/depots/ traders Total beef & veal usage 1,145 million tonnes 7,248 million Meat imports Total: 406,000 tonnes Carcase: 292,000 tonnes Processed: 115,000 tonnes Total: 1,139 million Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this table may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means without the prior written consent of the proprietor. Whilst all reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this table, no warranty is given as to its accuracy, nor liability accepted for any loss or damage caused by reliance upon any statement in or omission from this table. 5
Livestock Numbers 3.1 Density of beef cows, June 2010 Number per 100 hectares <30 20-30 10-20 5-10 >5 Source: Defra 6
Livestock Numbers 3.2 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2009-2012 (000 head) Source: Defra Jun 2009 Jun 2010 Jun 2011 Jun 2012 Female cattle aged 2 years or more 4,307 4,350 4,291 4,216 Breeding herd (cattle which have calved): 3,482 3,503 3,489 3,469 Dairy herd 1,857 1,847 1,814 1,812 Beef herd 1,626 1,657 1,675 1,657 Other female cattle (not calved or in calf for first time): 825 846 803 748 Dairy 424 451 404 378 Beef 401 395 399 370 Female cattle aged between 1 and 2 years: 1,404 1,406 1,378 1,398 Dairy 491 540 541 553 Beef 913 866 838 845 Female cattle less than 1 year 1,495 1,495 1,517 1,537 All male cattle: 2,819 2,862 2,747 2,749 2 years and over 411 425 376 360 1 to 2 years 1,070 1,071 1,042 1,021 Under 1 year 1,339 1,366 1,330 1,369 Total cattle and calves 10,025 10,112 9,933 9,900 7
Livestock Numbers 3.3 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June 2008-2012 (000 head) Dairy cows Beef cows Total cattle and calves England 2008 1,199 750 5,486 2009 1,163 735 5,484 2010 1,160 756 5,542 2011 1,129 759 5,416 2012 1,121 742 5,373 Wales 2008 282 242 1,143 2009 274 237 1,130 2010 274 242 1,138 2011 275 237 1,123 2012 224 183 1,113 Scotland 2008 192 464 1,852 2009 187 451 1,812 2010 185 457 1,825 2011 182 459 1,804 2012 182 452 1,788 N Ireland 2008 289 266 1,623 2009 285 257 1,599 2010 281 258 1,604 2011 283 270 1,591 2012 285 279 1,625 Source: Defra 8
Livestock Numbers 3.4 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June 2009-2011 No. of dairy cow holdings Average dairy herd size No. of beef cow holdings Average beef herd size Total cattle and calf holdings England 2009 17,023 68 30,992 24 48,015 2010 15,115 77 27,999 27 42,834 2011 14,360 79 27,459 28 41,527 Wales 2009 3,711 74 9,887 24 13,598 2010 3,604 76 9,733 25 13,337 2011 3,450 80 9,473 25 11,635 Scotland 2009 1,628 115 9,241 49 12,824 2010 1,603 115 9,207 50 10,810 2011 1,975 120 9,114 50 10,628 N Ireland 2009 3,802 75 16,158 16 21,229 2010 3,647 77 14,927 17 18,574 2011 3,530 80 15,389 18 20,461 Note: 2012 data not available at time of printing. Note: Dairy herd sizes are based on number of holdings with dairy cattle rather than number of registered dairy producers. Source: Defra 9
Livestock Numbers 3.5 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK 14% England (June 2011) 27,459 beef cow holdings 12% 42% 1-9 10-29 30-49 50-99 100+ 32% 15% Wales (June 2011) 9,733 beef cow holdings 10% 3% 39% 1-9 10-29 30-49 50-99 100+ 21% 33% Scotland (June 2011) 9,114 beef cow holdings 14% 16% 24% 1-4 5-19 20-49 50-99 100+ 25% 25% Northern Ireland (June 2011) 15,389 beef cow holdings 5% 1% 24% 1-4 5-19 20-49 50-99 100+ Source: Defra 45% 10
Slaughterings and Production 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2000-2012 (000 tonnes) Beef and veal Lamb and mutton Pork Bacon (a) Offal (a) Includes a small quantity of meat which is subsequently processed into cooked ham. (b) From 2010 pork and bacon production is no longer split and only total pig meat is reported. (c) Excludes offal. Source: Defra Total red meat (c) 2000 707 361 721 224 137 2,013 2008 862 326 614 184 141 1,986 2009 833 307 598 189 135 1,926 2010 (b) 909 277 759 140 1,945 2011 (b) 936 289 806 145 2,030 2012 (b) 885 275 825 139 1,985 4.2 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1991-2012 000 tonnes 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Source: Defra 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Beef and veal Lamb and mutton Pig meat 11
Slaughterings and Production 4.3 Cattle slaughtering, UK, 2000-2012 (000 head) Prime cattle Cows and bulls Calves Total cattle and calves 2000 2,275 1 152 2,428 2008 2,028 559 44 2,632 2009 1,981 489 43 2,513 2010 2,096 553 61 2,710 2011 2,114 643 81 2,838 2012 1,965 642 74 2,681 Note: OTMS replaced by the OCDS (only for cattle born before August 1996) which ended in 2008. Source: Defra 4.4 Cattle slaughtering by region, UK, 2000-2012 (000 head) UK England Wales Scotland N Ireland 2000 2,428 1,473 39 507 407 2008 2,632 1,559 138 504 428 2009 2,513 1,420 141 498 454 2010 2,710 1,582 146 514 463 2011 2,838 1,715 158 524 446 2012 2,681 1,605 155 480 441 Source: Defra 12
Slaughterings and Production 4.5 Changes in regional share of cattle slaughtering, UK, 1996-2012 14% 1996 21% 2% 63% England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland 16% 2012 18% 6% 60% England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Source: Defra 4.6 Cattle average carcase weights, UK, 2000-2012 (kg dw) Steers Heifers Young bulls Prime cattle 2000 331.7 278.4 321.1 308.9 2008 357.0 309.7 345.7 337.8 2009 361.5 313.7 350.9 341.6 2010 368.3 321.5 345.7 347.7 2011 364.6 319.1 344.4 344.7 2012 367.1 320.2 347.1 347.1 Source: Defra 13
Slaughterings and Production 4.7 Liveweight/deadweight cattle marketings, GB, 1988-2012 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: Defra, AHDB/EBLEX Liveweight Deadweight 4.8 Beef and veal production by region, UK, 2000-2012 (000 tonnes) UK England Wales Scotland N Ireland 2000 707.3 407.5 11.3 166.2 122.3 2008 862.5 506.6 42.2 172.2 141.5 2009 832.5 474.9 42.2 172.4 147.9 2010 908.7 535.9 43.5 182.3 151.8 2011 935.5 560.9 44.5 183.0 147.1 2012 885.2 525.6 44.3 169.5 145.8 Source: Defra, AHDB/EBLEX 14
Consumption 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2000-2012 (000 tonnes) Beef and veal Lamb Pig meat Poultry Total meat 2000 1,089 390 1,392 1,769 4,641 2008 1,239 368 1,517 1,750 4,875 2009 1,132 345 1,516 1,784 4,777 2010 1,169 306 1,513 1,911 4,899 2011 1,143 293 1,560 1,963 4,959 2012 1,144 277 1,603 1,986 5,010 Note: Total supplies of meat available for consumption, both in and outside the home. Includes imported meat products. Source: Defra 5.2 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1991-2012 2,500 2,000 '000 tonnes 1,500 1,000 500 0 Source: Defra 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Beef and veal Lamb Pig meat Poultry 15
Consumption 5.3 Per capita meat consumption, UK, 2000-2012 (kg per person) Beef and veal Lamb Pig meat Poultry Total meat 2000 18.5 6.6 23.6 30.0 78.8 2008 20.2 6.0 24.7 28.5 79.4 2009 18.3 5.6 24.5 28.9 77.3 2010 18.8 4.9 24.3 30.7 78.7 2011 18.2 4.7 24.9 31.3 79.0 2012 18.1 4.4 25.4 31.4 79.3 Note: Includes meat in meals eaten both in and outside the home. Includes imported meat products. Source: Defra 5.4 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, 2000-2012 (%) Beef and veal Lamb Pig meat Poultry Total meat 2000 65.0 92.4 66.3 85.8 75.6 2008 69.6 88.4 48.8 83.4 69.5 2009 73.7 88.9 47.5 81.7 69.4 2010 77.7 90.7 50.7 80.7 71.1 2011 81.8 98.9 51.6 79.4 72.4 2012 77.3 99.6 51.4 81.0 71.7 Source: AHDB/EBLEX 16
Consumption 5.5 Household expenditure on food and drink, UK, 2000-2011 (Average pence per person per week) 2000 2009 2010 2011 Total food and drink 1,844 2,386 2,450 2,492 Total food 1,795 2,338 2,399 2,441 Total drink 50 48 51 51 Meat, poultry and meat products 444 549 572 578 Bread, cereals and cereal products 223 319 328 333 Vegetables, incl potatoes 265 329 343 343 Milk, cheese and eggs 216 302 296 295 Sugar, preserves and confectionery 100 112 117 122 Fruit 146 200 211 215 Fish 81 117 117 120 Oils and fats 37 47 50 53 Other food 284 362 365 381 Note: Drink does not include alcoholic beverages. Source: ONS 5.6 Share of expenditure on main food groups, UK, 2011 9% 2% 5% 15% 24% 5% 12% Meat and poultry Vegetables Sugar, preserves and confectionary Fish Other food 14% 14% Bread and cereals Milk, cheese and eggs Fruit Oils and fats Source: ONS 17
Consumption 5.7 Changes in source of retail meat purchases, UK, 2008-2012 2008 2.3% 2.5% 4.7% 0.3% 11.3% 75.0% 3.9% Top 5 multiples Freezer centres Total independents & symbols Other retailers (non grocers) Hard discounters Other multiples Total butchers 2012 4.9% 2.6% 5.4% 0.4% 9.5% 72.6% Top 5 multiples Freezer centres Total independents & symbols Other retailers (non grocers) 4.5% Hard discounters Other multiples Total butchers Source: Kantar Worldpanel 18
Consumption 5.8 Per capita beef consumption by region, UK, 2011 kg per person per year g per person per week United Kingdom 5.8 112 England 5.4 104 Wales 6.5 125 Scotland 7.9 152 Northern Ireland 10.4 200 Note: Carcase meat only. Excludes meat in meals outside the home. Source: EFS 5.9 Household expenditure on beef by region, UK, 2011 1.75 /per person/per week 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Note: Carcase meat only. Excludes meat in meals outside the home. Source: EFS 19
Consumption 5.10 Retail expenditure profile for beef, UK, 2012 14% 2012 Fresh/frozen beef 2,029 million 3% 37% 22% 24% Mince Steaks Roasts Stewing Other 14% 10% 2012 Processed beef 1,135 million 4% 37% 23% 12% Chilled ready meals Sliced cooked beef Burgers and grills Fresh pre-packed hot pies Frozen ready meals Beef frozen pies/puddings Source: Kantar Worldpanel, 52 w/e 20 Jan 2013 20
Livestock and Meat Prices 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, 2008-2012 Steers Young bulls (p per kg) R4L Overall R4L Overall 2008 266.6 260.8 255.1 249.5 2009 286.5 281.1 273.8 267.1 2010 277.0 271.4 259.2 249.1 2011 314.3 308.9 303.8 291.5 2012 350.3 344.7 335.2 326.5 Heifers Cull cows (p per kg) R4L Overall -O4L Overall 2008 264.3 258.2 195.0 182.0 2009 283.9 279.0 211.9 195.9 2010 274.4 269.8 195.5 184.8 2011 312.0 307.3 239.6 231.7 2012 347.5 343.1 268.8 261.7 Source: AHDB/EBLEX 21
Livestock and Meat Prices 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2000-2012 (p per kg) Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows England and Wales 2000 168.8 166.2 164.7 2008 257.6 247.4 255.3 178.5 2009 277.0 266.2 274.6 194.8 2010 266.5 247.9 264.3 181.0 2011 305.0 290.4 302.9 224.3 2012 339.9 324.9 338.3 242.0 Scotland 2000 179.1 169.2 172.0 2008 269.5 251.9 268.1 201.0 2009 291.1 273.6 289.1 198.5 2010 283.1 257.0 282.5 193.5 2011 318.7 299.0 317.2 248.4 2012 356.2 337.8 354.2 273.7 Source: AHDB/EBLEX 6.3 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2009-2012 p per kg dw 400 375 350 325 300 275 250 225 200 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2009 2010 2011 2012 Note: Based on GB monthly deadweight cattle prices for steers. Source: AHDB/EBLEX 22
Livestock and Meat Prices 6.4 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, 2000-2012 (p per kg) All prime cattle Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows 2000 89.85 91.03 89.50 89.01 2008 144.30 144.33 140.65 146.29 91.19 2009 154.77 155.09 147.57 158.50 97.18 2010 146.93 147.68 153.28 153.36 93.07 2011 169.00 169.31 169.00 173.25 113.84 2012 189.50 189.87 181.99 194.47 121.00 6.5 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, 2008-2012 Friesian/Holstein X Hereford X Continental X ( per head) Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers 2008 27.52 62.89 119.39 73.03 171.53 128.84 2009 44.93 57.16 165.50 120.38 221.93 185.63 2010 37.93 57.95 148.06 103.80 204.34 162.62 2011 47.20 50.51 156.16 102.56 221.08 161.10 2012 61.45 80.85 195.83 142.84 256.52 199.76 Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS 23
Livestock and Meat Prices 6.6 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, 2008-2012 Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS 24 Yearlings 18 Months ( per head) Steers Heifers Steers Heifers Friesian/Holstein X 2008 291.76 319.81 394.67 378.83 2009 341.89 372.05 467.80 442.42 2010 305.03 327.45 439.71 459.51 2011 350.47 360.12 489.67 477.77 2012 441.57 392.61 598.62 559.89 Hereford X 2008 404.24 305.64 495.50 397.88 2009 473.61 387.10 573.31 484.92 2010 471.59 372.48 558.06 456.62 2011 511.09 398.48 660.93 536.61 2012 643.19 514.12 764.65 625.76 Continental X 2008 545.82 454.37 614.53 522.06 2009 648.18 542.74 707.17 616.71 2010 647.29 546.60 696.66 611.76 2011 680.65 574.30 807.42 702.82 2012 825.38 698.00 919.39 794.41 6.7 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, 2000-2012 (p per kg) Ave. farm price Ave. retail price (a) Actual price spread Producer share of retail price (%) Others share of retail price (%) (b) 2000 168.8 392.6 223.8 43.0 57.0 2008 259.6 520.0 260.4 49.9 50.1 2009 279.0 558.5 279.5 50.0 50.0 2010 268.8 564.1 295.3 47.6 52.4 2011 306.7 584.9 278.2 52.4 47.6 2012 342.3 633.6 291.1 54.1 45.9 (a) Retail prices converted to an untrimmed carcase equivalent and adjustment made for drip loss. (b) This is the share received by the rest of supply chain, including retailers, processors and wholesalers. Source: AHDB/EBLEX
Imports and Exports 7.1 Volume and value of beef imports, UK, 2000-2012 Fresh/frozen Processed Offal (000 tonnes) ( million) (000 tonnes) ( million) (000 tonnes) ( million) 2000 153.3 327.3 89.2 133.7 14.1 11.5 2008 247.5 740.5 131.8 230.9 6.8 7.3 2009 230.8 718.6 93.3 224.5 6.6 7.3 2010 238.0 770.0 80.7 199.5 6.9 7.4 2011 235.4 858.1 71.3 212.3 8.4 10.4 2012 236.2 866.7 89.5 271.9 6.4 9.8 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight. Source: GTIS 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef by source, UK, 2010-2012 (000 tonnes) 2010 2011 2012 Fresh/frozen beef and veal 238.0 235.4 236.2 of which: bone-in 50.1 47.7 51.3 boneless 187.9 187.7 184.9 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight. Source: GTIS frozen 67.7 62.8 68.5 fresh/chilled 170.3 172.6 167.6 of which from: EU-27 205.0 210.0 213.3 Irish Republic 168.1 167.5 159.8 Netherlands 15.0 18.0 20.7 Germany 7.5 8.6 11.9 Poland 1.9 2.8 7.2 Spain 2.4 3.8 3.6 Non-EU 33.0 25.4 23.0 Uruguay 9.0 7.1 6.1 Australia 4.3 6.5 5.6 Namibia 7.5 4.6 3.9 Brazil 1.9 2.1 3.7 New Zealand 2.8 4.1 3.1 Argentina 0.7 0.4 0.3 25
Imports and Exports 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, 2010-2012 (000 tonnes) 2010 2011 2012 Corned beef 37.4 32.7 34.2 of which from: Brazil 31.2 27.8 29.4 France 0.0 2.4 2.8 Argentina 2.0 1.1 1.3 Other processed beef 43.3 38.6 55.3 of which from: Irish Republic 24.8 25.1 39.2 Denmark 1.4 1.7 3.7 Beef offal 6.9 8.4 6.4 of which from: Irish Republic 3.9 4.7 2.8 Germany 0.8 1.2 1.0 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight. Source: GTIS 7.4 Imports of beef by product, UK, 2012 4% 2% 31% 21% 42% Chilled boneless Frozen boneless Chilled bone-in Frozen bone-in Processed Note: Volumes are shipped product weight. Source: GTIS 26
Imports and Exports 7.5 Volume and value of cattle and beef exports, UK, 2000-2012 Fresh/frozen beef and veal Offal (000 tonnes) ( million) (000 tonnes) ( million) 2000 5.4 21.0 1.7 0.8 2008 81.4 213.2 2.2 2.6 2009 83.4 257.7 4.6 5.7 2010 110.1 331.8 8.1 8.9 2011 143.6 437.5 11.0 12.3 2012 119.8 388.9 12.2 12.9 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight. Source: GTIS 7.6 Exports of fresh/frozen beef by destination, UK, 2010-2012 (000 tonnes) 2010 2011 2012 Fresh/frozen beef and veal 110.1 143.6 119.8 of which: bone-in 54.5 73.0 62.7 boneless 55.6 70.6 57.1 Note: Volumes are shipped product weight. Source: GTIS frozen 11.6 22.1 19.5 fresh/chilled 98.5 121.5 100.3 of which to: EU-27 106.6 138.1 113.9 Irish Republic 27.6 34.9 41.1 Netherlands 40.5 56.9 38.1 France 10.2 13.3 10.5 Belgium 6.1 8.0 7.9 Italy 9.2 7.8 6.9 Germany 4.7 3.5 2.5 Poland 2.7 3.4 2.0 27
Abattoirs 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2009-2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 Abattoir numbers 209 202 198 195 Throughput (000 GBU) 6,834 6,908 7,320 7,394 Average throughput (GBU) 32,699 34,199 36,971 37,919 Types of abattoirs Killing cattle 180 166 168 167 Killing sheep 179 168 166 162 Killing pigs 128 124 125 121 Source: AHDB/EBLEX 8.2 Red meat abattoirs by size, England, 2012 Source: AHDB/EBLEX 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, 2012 Source: AHDB/EBLEX 28 Size group (GBU) Number of abattoirs Total throughput (GBU) Average throughput (GBU) Share of throughput (%) 1-1,000 40 14,247 356 0.19 1,001-5,000 44 100,504 2,284 1.36 5,001-10,000 15 105,710 7,047 1.43 10,001-20,000 29 425,482 14,672 5.75 20,001-30,000 9 238,982 26,554 3.23 30,001-50,000 22 835,247 37,966 11.30 50,001-100,000 20 1,425,609 71,280 19.28 >100,000 16 4,248,368 265,523 57.46 Total 195 7,394,149 37,919 100.00 Size group (head) Number of abattoirs Total throughput (head) Average throughput (head) Share of throughput (%) 1-1,000 82 23,201 283 1.49 1,001-5,000 32 80,038 2,501 5.14 5,001-10,000 18 122,331 6,796 7.86 10,001-20,000 13 198,652 15,281 12.76 20,001-30,000 4 114,033 28,508 7.33 30,001-50,000 9 366,647 40,739 23.56 >50,000 9 651,495 72,388 41.86 Total 167 1,556,397 9,320 100.00
Auction Markets 9.1 Auction market throughputs, GB, 2012 (000 head) England Wales Scotland GB Steers 74 6 12 92 Heifers 97 6 13 117 Young bulls 79 1 2 82 Total prime cattle 250 14 27 291 Cull cows 144 15 48 207 New season lambs 2,405 866 539 3,810 Old season lambs 1,386 358 412 2,156 Total sheep 3,791 1,224 951 5,966 Cull ewes 1,165 353 243 1,761 Total clean pigs 50 - - 50 Cull sows 13 - - 13 Note: Data relates to finished markets only. Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2000-2012 England Wales Scotland GB 2000 91 25 23 139 2007 76 24 16 116 2008 75 25 17 117 2009 74 25 17 116 2010 73 26 17 116 2011 73 27 18 118 2012 71 26 18 115 Note: Data relates to finished markets only. Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS 29
Auction Markets Table 9.3 Auction markets held by region, GB, 2008-2012 England Wales Scotland GB 2008 4,054 1,228 983 6,265 2009 4,104 1,232 940 6,276 2010 4,067 1,242 999 6,308 2011 4,074 1268 986 6,328 2012 4,151 1,265 956 6.372 Note: Data relates to finished markets only. Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2012 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total throughput (per head) Average throughput (per head) Share of throughput (%) 1-2,500 45 28,783 640 5.8 2,501-5,000 20 69,683 3,484 14.0 5,001-7,500 8 49,226 6,153 9.9 7,501-10,000 7 62,395 8,914 12.5 10,001-12,500 7 77,738 11,105 15.6 >12,500 11 209,585 19,053 42.1 Total 98 497,410 5,076 100.0 Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS 30
Auction Markets Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2012 Size group (head) Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS Table 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2012 Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS Number of auction centres Total throughput (per head) Average throughput (per head) Share of throughput (%) 1-2,500 24 17,010 709 4.3 2,501-5,000 14 46,836 3,345 11.9 5,001-7,500 6 36,291 6,049 9.2 7,501-10,000 5 44,693 8,939 11.3 10,001-12,500 6 67,270 11,212 17.1 >12,500 9 181,884 20,209 46.2 Total 64 393,984 6,156 100.0 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total throughput (per head) Average throughput (per head) Share of throughput (%) 1-2,500 12 5,690 474 19.6 2,501-5,000 4 13,577 3,394 46.7 5,001-7,500 0 - - - 7,501-10,000 1 9,810 9,810 33.7 10,001-12,500 0 - - - >12,500 0 - - - Total 17 29,077 1,710 100.0 31
Auction Markets 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2012 Size group (head) Number of auction centres Total throughput (per head) Average throughput (per head) Share of throughput (%) 1-2,500 9 6,083 676 8.2 2,501-5,000 2 9,270 4,635 12.5 5,001-7,500 2 12,935 6,468 17.4 7,501-10,000 1 7,892 7,892 10.6 10,001-12,500 1 10,468 10,468 14.1 >12,500 2 27,701 13,851 37.3 Total 17 74,349 4,373 100.0 Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2012 head % share Total throughput 290,697 100.0 Top 3 58,389 20.1 Top 5 90,192 31.0 Top 10 142,330 49.0 10 largest auction markets (a): Bridgnorth Darlington Ludlow Market Drayton Newark (a) In alphabetical, not size order. Source: AHDB/EBLEX, LAA, IAAS Northallerton Sedgemoor Selby Thirsk York 32
Carcase Classification 10.1 Percentage distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2000-2012 (%) Steers Heifers Young bulls 2000 52 31 17 2008 55 34 11 2009 55 34 11 2010 54 32 14 2011 54 33 13 2012 56 32 12 Source: AHDB/EBLEX 10.2 Percentage distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2012 Source: AHDB/EBLEX Fat class Increasing fatness Prime cattle 1 2 3 4L 4H 5L 5H Total Conformation class Improving conformation E 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.8 U+ 0.1 0.9 1.7 1 0.2 0 0 3.8 -U 0.1 1.5 5 6.3 1.6 0.1 0 14.6 R 0.2 2.8 11.3 19.5 7 0.5 0.1 41.4 O+ 0.2 2.1 6.9 10 3 0.3 0.1 22.5 -O 0.2 3 6.7 4.1 0.5 0 0 14.5 P+ 0.2 1 0.8 0.2 0 0 0 2.2 -P 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 Total 1.1 11.6 32.7 41.3 12.2 0.9 0.1 10.3 Percentage change in distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 1995-2012 Fat class (%) 1 and 2 3 4 5 1995 5.6 23.7 68.2 2.7 2012 12.7 32.7 53.5 0.9 Source: AHDB/EBLEX Conformation class (%) E U R O P 1995 0.3 14.5 39.2 43.4 2.5 2012 0.8 18.4 41.1 37.0 2.4 33
Carcase Classification 10.4 Percentage change in prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, 1995-2012 15.6% 8.6% 1995 41.7% 34.1% Target: E-R conformation and 1-4L fat Lean but of poor conformation Too fat Too fat and of poor conformation 9.5% 2012 3.9% 51.0% 35.6% Target: E-R conformation and 1-4L fat Lean but of poor conformation Too fat Too fat and of poor conformation Source: AHDB/EBLEX 34
Notes Notes The Marketing Chain The information given in this section has been produced by AHDB. It includes data derived from a number of sources as detailed elsewhere in the publication. In addition, and in order to give as full a picture as possible of the UK meat market, data in some areas has been estimated, based on various surveys and known information. Livestock Numbers The survey and census figures are collected for the United Kingdom and its regions by the various Agriculture Departments: Defra, Nawad, Dardni and Seerad. The census of agricultural holdings is carried out in June each year. December data is sample data. Slaughterings and Production Slaughterings and production figures are provided by the UK Agriculture Departments; data for OTMS (Over Thirty Months Scheme) and OCDS (Older Cattle Disposal Scheme) cattle is sourced from RPA. Further analysis, such as average carcase weights and the deadweight/liveweight marketing split, has been undertaken by AHDB. Consumption The data shown comes from a variety of sources, which are shown underneath each table. Due to the different methodologies employed by the various sources, it is sometimes not possible to make comparisons between the tables. It is, therefore, important that note is taken of the footnotes to the tables which indicate, for example, whether imported processed products are included or not, and if consumption both in and outside the home has been measured. Livestock and Meat Prices All data is sourced from AHDB unless otherwise indicated. Deadweight producer prices are collected from a sample of abattoirs, while liveweight producer prices are collected from a large sample of auction markets. For more information about how this data is collected, contact the Market Intelligence Department of AHDB. The recording of cull cow prices restarted in 2006 when measures imposed because of BSE were relaxed and cull cows were marketed once more. 35
Notes Imports and Exports Statistics for trade between the UK and non-eu countries are collected by HM Revenue & Customs at the point of entry and exit. For trade with other EU countries, a system called Intrastat is used, based on trade undertaken by traders over a threshold value. Where trade data is given for EU-27, the 12 new Member States are included in trade figures prior to January 2007 for comparison purposes. The trade figures are subject to revision as more information becomes available. Abattoirs Statistics shown are based on data collected by AHDB. For comparison purposes, some of the throughput figures are quoted in GB Livestock Units (GBU) where 1 GBU = 1 cattle beast = 2 pigs = 5 sheep. All data for the cattle sector excludes OTMS/OCDS cattle. Auction Markets All data is based on sales of finished stock only from markets which reported prices to AHDB. For comparison purposes some of the throughput figures are quoted in GB Livestock Units (GBU) where: 1 GBU = 1 cattle beast = 2 pigs = 5 sheep. Carcase Classification All data is sourced from AHDB, based on carcases classified by Meat & Livestock Commercial Services Ltd. For cattle, the sampling rate of carcases in 2012 was 1 in 3 and 412,632 carcases were analysed. For sheep, the sampling rate was 1 in 25 with 133,398 carcases analysed. 36