aleqsandre kvitasvili (ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtori)

qartul istoriografiasi sruliad axali etapis dawyeba pirveli qartuli universitetis damaarseblis ivane javaxisvilis saxels ukavsirdeba. man mecnieruli morvaweobis kredod aircia istoriuli wyaroebisadmi kritikuli analizis principi, ramac istoriuli procesebis Sesaxeb, Seulamazebeli daskvnebis gaketebis sasualeba misca. ivane javaxisvils ekutvnis sityvebi _ ` ỳoveli ganatlebuli erovnebistvis, romelsac TviTSemecneba moepoveba, aucileblad sawiroa icodes Tavisi warsuli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis istoria; unda icodes, rasakvirvelia, utyuari, WeSmariti istoria da ara gazviadebuli, yalbi ~. ateuli wlebis ganmavlobasi sabwota istoriografia xsirad amaxinjebda faqtebsa Tu movlenebs, rata gaemartlebina mmartveli politikuri elitisa Tu rusuli saokupacio rejimis mier ganxorcielebuli sisxliani represiebi. daxuruli arqivebis gaxsna SesaniSnavi SesaZleblobaa specialistebisa da dainteresebuli pirebisatvis axleburad gaiazron Cveni qveynis uaxlesi istoria. Jurnali ``saarqivo moambe~ sazogadoebas azlevs sasualebas, gaecnos iset faqtebs, romelic uaxles istoriul warsuls TvalsaCinos xdis. am nomersi gamoqveynebuli masalebi mtlianad qartvel inteligencias ezrvneba, mtris samiznec _ eris inteleqtualuri nawili iyo, zogs fizikurad anadgurebda, zogs aizulebda, sakutari mrwamsistvis eralata. im avbediti sabwota rejimis pirobebsic arsebobdnen adamianebi, romlebic sakutari sicocxlis fasad arasodes eguebodnen Tavisuflebis dakargvasa da siyalbes. amgvar sazogado morvaweta Soris iyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis araerti profesori da studenti. Cveni saswavleblis ert-erti damfuznebeli, TvalsaCino mecnieri da sazogado morvawe Salva nucubize araertxel gamxdara gasuli saukunis sabwota represiebis msxverpli. darwmunebuli var, mkitxveltatvis uarresad saintereso iqneba Sinagan saqmeta saministros arqivsi daculi masalebis mixedvit ardgenili istoria, romelic ara marto Salva nucubizes exeba. mjera, ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesor-maswavlebelta da axalgazrda mkvlevarta araert saintereso nasroms daedeba safuzvlad saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministros saarqivo dokumentebi. aleqsandre kvitasvili (ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtori) A new stage in Georgian historiography is connected with Ivane Javakhishvili, founder of the first Georgian State University. His credo of scientific work was critical analysis of historical resources. It helped him to see naked facts of the history and to make right conclusions. The following words belong to Ivane Javakhishvili: Each educated nation should know the history of its past social life; but it should know a true, not exaggerated and false history. Soviet historiography has been falsified for decades in order to explain for bloody repressions orchestrated by advance political elite and by Russian regime of occupation. The opening of closed archives is a very good chance for the specialists and for all concerned persons to re-analyze modern history of our country. Through the journal Archival Bulletin people can learn secret facts of the modern history. The materials published in this edition are dedicated to Georgian intelligentsia that was the enemy s major aim of repression. While some members of the intelligentsia were physically destroyed, others were made to betray their own believes. But even under that ominous Soviet regime there were people who, at the cost of their lives, did not put up with the loss of independence. Many professors and students of Tbilisi State University were among such public figures. Shalva Nutsubidze, one of the founders of the university, famous scientist and public figure, was a victim of those Soviet repressions. I am sure that the reader will find the history, has been preserved based on the archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, very interesting. I believe that archival documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will inspire academic staff of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, and also fellow researchers to further interesting works. Alexander Kvitashvili (Rector of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University)

redaqtoris sveti Editor-in-chief s Column ori wlis win Jurnal `saarqivo moambis~ daarsebis umtavresi mizani, wlebis ganmavlobasi gasaidumloebuli da aw ukve gansaidumloebuli dokumentebis gamoqveyneba da im Temebis gasuqeba gaxldat, romlebzec sazogadod saubaric ki ikrzaleboda. Cven mkitxvels SevpirdiT, rom istoriis uket Sesacnobad arqivsi Semonaxul dokumentebs Seulamazeblad warvudgendit da mxolod tabuirebul Temebze viqnebodit orientirebulni. Jurnalis axali nomris Sinaarsic swored aqedan momdinareobs. `saarqivo moambe~ qartvel mwerlebsa da mwerlobas exeba. am Temebis wamowevit gvsurs, sazogadoebas gasuli saukunis ocdaatiani wlebi vacvenot, epoqa, romelsic patriotizmi da erovnuloba danasaulad itvleboda da Tavis gadarcenis ert-erti gza monuri morcileba iyo. `sruliad saidumlo~ grifit Semonaxuli dokumentebi aaskaravebs imas, Tu rogor musaobda `sabwota manqana~; rogor inergeboda adamianebs Soris nihilizmi, SiSi da undobloba; rogor xdeboda pirovnebebis fizikuri da sulieri ganadgureba; rogor arsebobda erti danasaulebrivi jawvi, romlis Semadgeneli rgolic, nebsit Tu unebliet SeiZleba TiToeuli adamiani gamxdariyo. Cven aravis gansjas vapirebt. aravin icis Sinsaxkomis cixis civ jurrmulebsa da `cxel karcerebsi~ gamomwyvdeuls fizikuri da sulieri zewolis qves rogor mogvawerinebdnen xels `ariarebit Cvenebaze~. saarqivo dokumentebit im realobis Cveneba gvsurs, romelmac paolo iasvili, tician tabize, mixeil javaxisvili, nikolo miwisvili da kidev asobit da atiatasobit adamiani Seiwira. amitomac, am nomerze Cvens gundtan ertad mecnierebi, istorikosebi, mkvlevarebi musaobdnen. `saarqivo moambesi~ Tqven unikalur, gamouqveynebel dokumentebs, pirad werilebs da fotomasalas naxavt. gaigebt, rogor ukavsirdeba ioseb stalins `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmna; ratom daiwunes galaktionis leqsebi; rogor daiwyo represiebi qartvel mwerlebsa da literatorebs Soris lavrenti berias saangariso sityvis Semdgom; rogor miiyvanes paolo iasvili TviTmkvlelobamde; rogor daxvrites tician tabize, mixeil javaxisvili da nikolo miwisvili; rogor monatles gijad petre gruzinski; xolo `lidia gasvianis saqmit~ JurnalSi dasmenis sruli sqemaa nacvenebi. axal nomersi gaigebt im sinamdviles, mteli atwleulebis ganmavlobasi arqivis sacavebsi rom iyo gamoketili. es aris istoria, romelsac gasdevda grifi - `sruliad saidumlod~! nino yifsize The journal Archival Bulletin was founded two years ago. Its major goal was to publish secret documents that had not been accessible for years, and to speak about tabooed themes. We promised the readers to publish the documents in the original so that they could learn a true history. We also promised them to be oriented on tabooed themes. These terms are accomplished in a new issue of the journal that is about Georgian writers and literature. We cover these themes because we want to depict the 1920s. It was time when patriotism and nationalism were considered crime, and the only way toward survival was through obedience. Through the documents entitle Top Secret the following things can be learnt: how the Soviet machine worked; how nihilism, mistrust and fear spread over; how people were morally and physically destroyed; how a chain of crime was made and how any person could willy-nilly become its ring. We won t judge anyone. Nobody knows what document he would have signed if he had been put in prison or in hot cells of the NKVD. Through the archival documents we want to tell the story of how Paolo Iashvili, Titsian Tabidze, Mikheil Javakhishvili, Nikolo Mitsishvili and thousands of others were repressed. For this reason, the scientists, historians and researchers worked on these themes with the editorial board. The Archival Bulletin presents unique and unpublished documents, private letters and photo materials. The readers will learn the following issues: connection between Joseph Stalin and translation of The Knight in the Panther s Skin ; why were Galaktion s poems condemned; the repressions of Georgian writers on the heel of Beria s report; what made Paolo Iashvili commit suicide; how Titsian Tabidze, Mikheil Javakhishvili and Nikolo Mitsishvili were executed; how was Petre Gruzinsky certified as insane; And finally, the article Lidia Gaviani s Case reveals the scheme of denunciation. The issue of the journal offers a real history that had been stored on the shelves of the archive for ages. This is a history entitled Top Secret! Nino Kipshidze www. archive.security.gov.ge Sss arqivi

vefxistyaosani The Knight in the Panther s Skin `galiasi momrerali SaSvi Tu mogismenia?~... 5 Have you ever listened to the thrush singing in the cage? vefxistyaosani The Knight in the Panther s Skin ukomentarod No Comments Savi sia Black List Zveli bolseviki s. qavtaraze `vefxistyaosnis~ msoflmxedvelobis avtori?!...32 The Old Bolshevik Sergo Kavtaradze - is it his view of ~The Knight in the Panther s Skin?! lavrenti beria qartvel mwerlebsa da literaturaze...73 Lavrentiy Beria About Georgian Writers and Literature `fxizeli~ komunizmi... lidia gasvianis saqme...79 Open-eyed Communism:The Case of Lidia Gasviani medlis ori mxare Two Sides of the Same Coin nikolo miwisvili da qartuli emigracia... 98 Nikolo Mitsishvili and the Georgian Emigration represiebi Repression gansakutrebuli saqaralde Special Folder dabrunebuli saxelebi Retrieved Names sabwota satusaro Soviet Prison suli amboxebuli Unbending Spirit recenzia Review gaxunebuli baratebi Faded Letters `didebidan~ `Tavisuflebamde~ represirebuli qartveli mwerlebi...125 Repressed Georgian Writers paolo iasvilis, tician tabizisa da mixeil javaxisvilis sikvdilis Semdgomi reabilitacia... 134 The Posthumous Rehabilitation of Paolo Iashvili, Titsian Tabidze and Mikheil Javakhishvili `sabwoetsi akrzaluli mwerali~ _ lida robaqizis werili leonid brejnevs... 139 A Banned Writer in the Soviet Union: Lida Robakidze s Letter to Leonid Brezhnev Sinsaxkomis zedamxedvelis Cveneba: rogor Sendeboda sabwota epoqa...148 Testimony of a NKVD prison guard. How the Soviet terror of the 1930s manifested in jails gijad Seracxuli petre gruzinski... 157 Petre Gruzinsky Certified as insane vin kitxavs galaktions?!...164 Was it Galaktion s Business?! werilebi...170 Letters saqartvelos sabwota respublikis himni...173 The State Anthem of the Soviet Republic of Georgia saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministro sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti saarqivo sammartvelo The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia The Informational-Analytical Department The Archive Administration

vefxistyaosani The Knight in the Panther s Skin `galiasi momrerali SaSvi Tu mogismenia?~ Have you ever listened to the thrush singing in the cage? nana gonjilasvili Nana Gonjilashvili XX s _ is dasawyisidan rusul literaturasi gacnda cnobebi SoTa rustavelsa da mis poemaze. pirveli rusuli wigni, romelsic moxsenebulia rustaveli da moyvanilia `vefxistyaosnis~ pirveli rusuli Targmanis nawyvetebi, gaxlavt rusi mwerlisa da mecnieris, evgeni bolxovitinovis, nasromi _ «Историческое изображение Грузии в политическом, церковном и учебном ея состоянии» (`saqartvelos istoriuli surati mis politikur, saeklesio da saswavlo mdgomareobasi~, peterburgi, 1802). aq `vefxistyaosani~ ariostosa da osianis qmnilebata gverdit dasaxelda. es iyo pirveli SemTxveva `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmnisa ara mxolod rusul enaze, aramed _ saertod. am faqtma didad Seuwyo xeli poemis popularizacias evropul wreebsi. wignis gamocemas didi gamoxmaureba mohyva, daibewda recenziebi germanul da frangul enebze, itargmna germanulad (1804w.), xolo ori taepi, qartuli teqsti franguli transkrifciit, daibewda parizsi (1810 w.). arsanisnavia, rom e. bolxovitinovis mier poemisatvis saxeldebuli satauri _ `Барсова кожа~ (`vefxvis tyavi~) _ poemis Semdgom Targmanebs didxans gahyva. SemdgomSi araertgzis gamoqveynda `vefxistyaosnis~ nawyvetebis poeturi, agretve prozauli Targmanebi. `vefxistyaosnis~ Sinaarsi rus mkitxvelebs pirvelad gaacno niko CubinaSvilma (1790-1847) werilsi _ `vefxistyaosani~. qartuli poema, SeTxzuli SoTa rustavelis mier~. Salva nucubize / Shalva Nutsubidze Information about Shota Rustaveli and his poem The Knight in the Panther s Skin first appeared in Russian literature in the early nineteenth century. The first Russian book (The historical image of Georgia in political, church and educational aspects, Petersburg, 1802) concerning Rustaveli and the Russian translation of his epic poem was written by the Russian writer and scholar Evgeny Bolkhovitinov. The Knight in the Panther s Skin was compared to the works of Ludovico Ariosto and Osian. This

1833 wels Jurnal `teleskopsi~ (#5) daibewda poloneli morvawis konstantine rdultovskis werili `qartveli poeti SoTa rustaveli~ (rusul enaze natargmni p. dubrovskis mier). poemis satauria _ `Покрытий леопардовой кожей~. moyvanilia ramdenime strofis sityvasityviti Targmani da poemis mokle Sinaarsi, axlavs moyvanili metaforebis ganmartebac. peterburgis universitetis profesoris, davit CubinaSvilis (1814-1891), werilsi _ `qartuli poema `vefxistyaosani~ (1802) _ leqstwyobis sakitxebze msjelobisas poemis pirveli strofis rusuli Targmania moyvanili. Semdgom d. CubinaSvilma gamoaqveyna poemis calkeuli strofebis prozauli Targmani da monawileoba miiro poeturi Targmanis momzadebasi, romelic ganaxorciela rusma mweralma ipolite bartdinskim. es Targmani (142 strofi) pirvelad 1845 wels Jurnal `ilustraciasi~ (#6, #7) daibewda. TargmanSi poemis satauria _ `Тариел, Барсова кожа~. d. CubinaSvilma es Targmani qartuli qrestomatiis meore wignsi Seitana (gamoica 1846 wels), Sesavali werili warumzrvara da arnisna, rom am nawyvetis TargmanSi Tavad monawileobda. 1846 wels gazet `Кавказ~-Si daibewda ivane evlaxovis (1825-1888) mier Sesrulebuli poemis axali rusuli Targmani, romelic TeTr leqsad iyo Sesrulebuli. i. evlaxovi ucxo moymis naxvis ambis TargmanSi sqoliosi SeniSnavs, rom rusulad SecdomiT Targmnidnen poemis sataurs _ `Барсова кожа~. misi azrit, satauri Semdegnairad unda itargmnos _ `Герой покрытий (одетый) барсовой кожей~. 1849 wels gazet `Кавказ~-Si daibewda `vefxistyaosnis~ prozauli Targmanis nawyveti, romelic a. abasizes ekutvnoda. poemis nawyvetebis Targmna scada rusma mweralma v. sologubmac. rusma mweralma da Jurnalistma, gazet `Кавказ~-is redaqtorma _ evgeni stalinskim, 1888 wels wignsi _ `vefxistyaosani~, SoTa rustavelis qartuli poema~, Seitana Tavisi narkvevi _ `SoTa rustaveli _ qartveli saxalxo poeti~. aqve dabewda poemis qartuli teqstisa da Targmanebis nawyvetebi rusul (i. bardtinskis, e. stalinskis), somxur (s. bastamianisa), germanul (a. laistisa) da frangul (a. borenisa) enebze. 1888 wels gamoqveynda iona meunargias was the first translation of The Knight in the Panther s Skin. The poem rose in popularity among European circles. The book was a great success. In 1804 reviews of the poem were published in French and German languages. In 1810 two lines of Georgian text with French transcription was published in Paris. Noteworthy is that the title of the poem was translated as `Барсова кожа~ (The Panther s Skin) by E. Bolkhovitinov. The title was not changed in his future translations of the poem. Many poetic and prose version of this lyric poem have been published. Russian readers could learn the plot of the poem from Niko Chubinashvili s letter entitled The Knight in the Panther s Skin (1790-1847). In 1833 the journal Telescope No.5 published the letter The Georgian Poet Shota Rustaveli. The letter was written by the Polish figure Konstantine Rdultovsky and was translated into Russian by P. Dubrovsky. The title of the poem was translated as follows: `Покрытий леопардовой кожей~ (The Cover of the Leopard s Skin). The letter included word by word translation of a few lines, a brief plot of the poem and the explanation of the metaphors. In 1802 the professor of the Petersburg University Davit Chubinashvili (1814 1891) published a letter The Georgian poem The Knight in the Panther s Skin. The letter included a review of the verses, and the Russian version of the poem s first strophe. Afterward, D. Chubunashvili published a prose translation. He also assisted the Russian writer Ipolite Bartdinsky with his poetic translation of the poem. This version (142 strophes) was first published in the Illustration No.6, 7 in 1845. The title was translated as `Тариел, Барсова кожа~ ( Tariel,

mier Sesrulebuli `vefxistyaosnis~ prozauli Targmani (Tavisufali gardatqma), romelic g. qartvelisvilis xarjit wignad daibewda TbilisSi. i. meunargias poemis mokle Sinaarsi Tavdapirvelad qartulad dauweria, Semdeg utargmnia rusulad. i. meunargiam Tavisi Targmani 1888 wels TbilisSi Camosul imperator aleqsandre III-sa da mis meurles miartva. arnisnuli Targmani ganmeorebit 1890 wels daibewda. igi otxi dausataurebeli Tavisagan Sedgeba da massi ramdenime strofi Tu taepi galeqsilia. niko marma (1864-1934) peterburgsi 1910 wels gamoaqveyna wigni _ «Вступительные и заключительные строфы «Витязя в барсовой коже» Шоты из Рустава. Грузинский текст, русский перевод и пояснения с этюдом «Культ женщины и рыцарство в поэме» (`SoTa rustavelis `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesavali da daskvniti strofebi. qartuli teqsti, rusuli Targmani da ganmartebani narkvevit `qalis kulti da raindoba poemasi~). wignsi dabewdilia `vefxistyaosnis~ prologisa da epilogis n. maris mier Serulebuli rusuli prozauli Targmani, ertvis vrceli komentarebi. `vefxistyaosnis~ calkeuli nawyvetebis Targmani ramdenjerme gamoica (1916, 1918, 1919, 1927 wlebsi) TbilisSi sergi Sartis SesrulebiT. cnobilma rusma poetma nikoloz zabolockim (1903-1958) `vefxistyaosani~ axalgazrdebisatvis rusul enaze daamusava (1937). igi araertxel gamoica. es iyo pirveli cda axalgazrda mkitxvelisatvis rustavelis Targmnisa. `vefxistyaosnis~ pirveli sruli poeturi Targmani rusul enaze ekutvnis mweral konstantine balmonts (1867-1942). Targmani _ «Носящий барсову шкуру», 1933 wels daibewda parizsi k. balmontis xarjit. k. balmontma gamocemis erti wigni warwerit stalins, rogorc qartvels, usaxsovra. `vefxistyaosnis~ rusul enaze gadatanis arc ert cdas k. balmontamde qartuli sazogadoebis aseti yuradreba ar miuqcevia. 1914 wlis 10 aprils TbilisSi pirvelad Camosul k. balmonts sazeimo Sexvedra mouwyves qartul TeatrSi. pirveli misasalmebeli sityva warmotqva akaki weretelma: `roca Cvenma winaprebma mogiwvies Tqven, rusebi, masin Cven, STamomavlobas, anderzad dagvibares: ar daviviwyot stumartmoyvareoba, gviyvardes rusebi, Panther s Skin ). D. Chubinashvili attached this translation to the second volume of the Georgian chrestomathy in 1846. He prefaced the book with a letter wherein he noted his contribution to this translation. In 1846 new Russian version of the poem was published in Caucasus. Ivan Evlakhov (1825-188) translated the poem into blank verse. In a footnote he states that the title of the poem had been mistranslated before (The Panther s Skin). In his opinion, the title should be translated as `Герой покрытий (одетый) барсовой кожей~ ( The hero in the cover of the panther s skin ). In 1849 A. Abashidze translated a prose version of the poem. It was published in Caucasus. The Russian writer V. Sologub also tried to translate an extract from the poem. In 1888 the Russian writer and journalist Evgen Stalinsky, who was also an editor-in-chief of the newspaper Caucasus, attached his essay Shota Rustaveli the Georgian public poet in the book The Knight in the Panther s Skin the Georgian poem by Shota Rustaveli. He also published the original of the poem and extracts from it in Russian (I. Barditinsky, E. Stalinsky), Armenian (S. Bastamiany), German (A. Laistis) and French (A. Borenisa) versions. In 1888 Iona Meunargya produced a prose version of the poem (Free Transformation) and G. Kartvelishvili paid for it to be published in Tbilisi. I. Meunagria wrote a brief plot of the poem in Georgian and afterwards, he translated it into Russian. The translator presented the book to Emperor Alexander III and his wife. This version was republished in 1890. It consisted of four untitled chapters and several strophes that were written poetry. In 1910 Nikolas Marr (1864-1934) published his book www. archive.security.gov.ge

vimegobrot mattan da ganuyoflad viarot erti gzit. mas Semdeg mtelma saukunem ganvlo da es wminda anderzi, Cveni cdisa da mzadyofnis miuxedavad, Cvens mimart sisrulesi jerac ar aris moyvanili. ar sruldeba imitom, rom gansxvavebulad esmit misi azri. erti mxare fiqrobs, rom siyvarulis, Zmobisa da ertobisatvis sawiroa guli, meore ki fiqrobs _ mxolod Zala. Rirsebis daufasebloba im xalxisatvis, romelsac mravali ateuli saukune Tavisuflad, kulturulad da damoukideblad ucxovria, metad gulsatkenia... magram nu movigonebt warsuls. madloba RmerTs, axla momravldnen axali adamianebi, romlebic gvpirdebian gazafxuls, romlebic eklebs ki ara, yvavilebs mogvitans. ert matgans vxedavt dres Cvens Soris _ uarresad simpatiur inteligentsa da gamocenil poets konstantine dimitris Ze balmonts. mivesalmot, batonebo, mas, rogorc gazafxulis pirvel mercxals, Cveni gulitadi mravaljamierit~. 1 Tavdapirvelad qartvelebi k. balmontis Targmanis kritikas eridebodnen. ioseb arimateli (imedasvili) werilsi _ `SoTa rustaveli da konstantine balmonti~ (1915), ori TvalsazrisiT warmoacens k. balmontis Targmanis mnisvnelobas _ rusetis sazogadoeba gaecnoba damoukideblobis xanasi patara saqartvelo, Tu ra `bumberaz~ Svilebs zrdida da, imavdroulad, garuseba-gadagvarebis gzaze Semdgari qartveloba Seicnobs `ra ganzi gvqonia, ra zneobis, ra gonebisa Tu siyvarulis saxareba, da msobliur literaturas ufro TavgamodebiT daewafeba~. 2 1936 wels moskovsi `vefxistyaosnis~ balmontiseuli Targmanis gamocema stalinis saxels ukavsirdeba. swored stalinis mititebit TargmanSi CaurTavT e.w. `indo-xataelta ambavi~, romelic sagangebod atargmnines e. tarlovskaias. stalini am TargmaniT kmayofili ar iyo. k. balmontis Targmanis moskovuri gamocemis saredaqcio winasityvaobasi natqvamia: `Targmani dazaralebulia mteli rigi iseti naklovanebebit, romlebic xels SeuSlis rus mkitxvels, savsebit swori warmodgena iqonios rustavelis nawarmoebze originalsi. am SemTxvevaSi warumateblobis 1 a. wereteli, `Речь на банкете в честь поэта К. Д. Бальмонта~. wignsi _ a. wereteli, Txz. t. XV, gamomc. `sabwota saqartvelo~, Tb., 1961 2 i. arimateli (imedasvili) werilsi _ `SoTa rustaveli da konstantine balmonti~, Jurn. `Teatri da cxovreba~, 1915, #41, gv.6-8 Introductory and final strophes of The hero in panther s skin Shota from Rustavi; The Georgian text, Russian translation and explanation of the etude The cult of the women and knights in the poem. The book included Marr's Russian prose version of the prologue and epilogue and commentaries. Extracts from The Knight in the Panther s Skin were published in Tbilisi in 1916, 1918, 1919 and 1927. Sergy Shart wrote translations. In 1937 famous Russian poet Nikolay Zabolotsky (1903-1958) made a Russian version of the poem for the adults. This version has been published multiple times. This was the first time adults have tried to read the Rustaveli. The first complete poetic translation of The Knight in the Panther s Skin was made by the Russian writer Konstantin Balmont (1867-1942). In 1933 the translation Wearing the Panther s Skin was published in Paris (prefaced by A. Svanidze). The Russian translation of K. Balmont attracted the Georgian people s attention. On April 10, 1914 K. Balmont first visited Tbilisi. He was welcomed in the Georgian Theatre with honour. Akaki Tsereteli opened the event with the following words: When our ancestors invited the Russians to our country, they left their will to us not to forget hospitality, to love Russian people, to be friends with them and to have an equal course. The age has passed and we have not executed their will yet. While some people think that we need heart for love and brotherhood, another part think that we need only strength. The Georgians, who have been independent for ages, are very sensitive to their dignity. But don t remember the past. Thanks to God, there are people who promise us flowers instead of

mtavar wyarod unda CaiTvalos Sinagani ritmebi, romlebic leqsis musikalobastan mimartebit ar izleva efeqts da romlebmac originalis ufro zust asaxvas xeli SeuSala. am Sinagani ritmebis dadevnebis gzaze mtargmneli patara nakuwebad Cexs rustavelis farto JReradobis frazebs, romlebmac taepis SigniT dayovneba da gacereba ar ician, ris Sedegadac icexeba, saxes icvlis da fermkrtaldeba poetis azri~ (gv.19-20). 1 aqve arnisnulia am Targmanis gamocemis mizezic: `balmontis Targmans, romelsac Cven ar vtvlit Sesabamisad im motxovnebisa, romlebic SesaZlebeli iyo am genialuri poemis mtargmnelisatvis wagveyenebina, Cven gawvdit imdenad, ramdenadac igi ertadert Targmans warmoadgens~ (iqve, gv. 19). winasityvaobasi, rogorc Cans, redaqcias stalinis Sexeduleba gautvaliswinebia. `vefxistyaosnis~ rusuli Targmanebis mkvlevari l. andrulaze arnisnavs: `martalia, balmontis TargmanSi rustaveli ver gamocnda, rogorc filosofiurad moazrovne figura, magram aq pirvelad gamocndnen `vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebi Tavisi vnebebita da gancdebit. pirvelad dafiqrda rusi mkitxveli `vefxistyaosanze~, rogorc poeturi xelovnebis Sedevrze~ (gv. 42). 2 `vefxistyaosnis~ daweris 750 wlistavtan dakavsirebit rusul enaze sami sruli poeturi Targmani Sesrulda. matgan pirveli Targmani _ «Витязь в тигровой шкуре» _ giorgi cagarels (1893-1955) ekutvnis. igi gamoica 1937 wels moskovsi vl. elsneris redaqciit. Targmans ertvis g. cagarelis SeniSvna `vefxistyaosnis~ rusul da sabwota kavsiris xalxta enebze Targmnis sakitxebze. massi gansakutrebit etmoba yuradreba k. balmontis Targmans, romelic, avtoris SeniSvniT, rusuli Targmanis prozauli pwkaredidan da uordropiseuli inglisuri prozauli Targmanidanaa Sesrulebuli. g. cagarelis SexedulebiT, k. balmontis Targmani srul warmodgenas ver izleva rustavelis poemaze. mtargmneli arnisnavs sakutari nasromis Rirsebas _ igi originalidanaa Sesrulebuli. poemis rusuli Targmanebis nawyvetebi gamoaqveynes v. derjavinma, p. antakolskim, s. klickovma. 1934 wels parizsi gamocemuli 1 `vefxistyaosani~, k. d. balmontis Targmani qartulidan, gamomc. `akademia, moskovi-leningradi, 1937 2 l. andrulazis, `balmonti da saqartvelo~, gamomc. `sabwota saqartvelo~, Tb., 1972 thorns. Handsome gentleman and famous poet Konstantin Balmont is among them. Greet him as the first swallow of spring with our sincere Mravalzhamieri. Georgians restrained from criticizing the translation made by K. Balmont. In 1915 Joseph Arimateli (Imedashvili) published his letter Shota Rustaveli and Konstantin Balmont wherein he spoke about the importance of the Russian version. He noted the following: On the one hand, the Russian society will learn about a great figure of Georgia, and on the other hand, the Georgians who are about to Russify will see our treasure, our brain, our gospel of love and they will be back to their national literature. 2 In 1936, Balmont s translation was published in Moscow. By Stalin's order the so-called The story of Indo- Khataels, translated by E. Tarlovskaya, was included in the translation. But Stalin did not like this translation. The following was written in its preface: The translation is not good enough. It will hinder the Russian readers from having an appropriate impression on the original poem. The failure has been caused by wrong rhymes that are not as effective as those of the original. Long lines of the poem were butchered by the translator. It caused misunderstanding of the poet s idea (19-20). The preface also included the reasons of publishing the translation. It was as follows: Although we did not consider Balmont s translation good enough we offer it to you because it is the only translation of this great poem (ibid, p.19). The editorial board seemed to take into consideration Stalin s opinion in writing this preface. A. Tsereteli, Speech delivered at celebrating ceremony in honor of K.D. Balmont. Collection book, vol.xv, 1961 Soviet Georgia, Tbilisi,. 2 I. Arimateli (Imedashvili) letter Shota Rustaveli and Konstantin Balmont, 1915, the journal Theatre and Life No.41, pp.6-8. The Knight in the Panther s Skin, translated from Georgian by K.D. Balmont, 1937, Academy Moscow-Leningrad. www. archive.security.gov.ge

`vefxistyaosnis~ balmontiseuli TargmaniT dainteresda p. petrenko (1908-1936) da poemis Targmnas Seudga. Targmanis nawyvetebi periodulad ibewdeboda. 1935 wlis 5 noembers saqartvelos mweralta kavsirsi p. petrenkom waikitxa sakutari Targmanis nawyvetebi da warmoudgeneli warmateba xvda wilad. rogorc Tavad ambobda, es misi cxovrebis yvelaze bednieri dre iyo. p. petrenko fiqrobda, or TveSi daesrulebina poemis Targmna da Semdgom gamoeca. 1936 wlis maissi igi tragikulad dairupa da mxolod 1938 wels gamoqveynda p. petrenkos mier rusul enaze ametyvelebuli `vefxistyaosnis~ poeturi Targmani _ «Витязь в тигровой шкуре», romelic Sesrulebulia k. WiWinaZis monawileobita da redaqtorobit, pasuxismgebeli redaqtori gaxldat i. orbeli. k. WiWinaZis azrit, `mtargmnelma mxatvruli gaformebasi SesZlo rustavelis ara mxolod azrebis, metaforebisa da saxeebis, aramed misi Semoqmedebis WeSmariti sulis, mjreri strofebis marali patosis gadmocema, romelic mtel poemasia darvrili~ (gv. 4). 1 `vefxistyaosnis~ rusul enaze meotxe sruli poeturi Targmani Seasrula Salva nucubizem. arnisnuli Targmani _ «Витязь в тигровой шкуре» _ 1941 wels gamoica moskovsi sergei gorodeckis redaqciit. sainteresoa am Targmanis istoria, romlis Sesaxeb Tavad mtargmneli mogvitxrobs rustavelis saxelobis literaturis institutis direqtorisadmi wardgenil werilsi, TariRiT _ 5. XI. 68. 2 al. baramizem specialuri narkvevi (`vefxistyaosnis erti rusuli Targmanis istoriidan~, `narkvevebi~, t. V, Tb., 1971) uzrvna nucubiziseuli Targmanis istoriastan dakavsirebul movlenebs da ganixila mtargmnelis arnisnuli werili. al. baramize gadmogvcems S. nucubizis werilis Seqmnis ambavsac. rogorc irkveva, 1968 wels SoTa rustavelis saxelobis qartuli literaturis istoriis institutis direqcias S. nucubizem gadasca `vefxistyaosnis~ miseuli Targmanis pirveli gamocemis sasignalo egzemplari, romelic piradad stalinma redaqtoris TvaliT waikitxa da romelsac `didi beladis~ mier sakutari xelit 1 k. WiWinaZe, `rustaveli p. petrenkos TargmanSi~ (rusul enaze), gaz. `Литературная газета~, 1937, 10 ivnisi, gv. 4. 2 saqartvelos Sss arqivi, (II), f. #8, arwera #14, saqme #209, S. nucubizis xelnaweri. furc. 6-11, SemdgomSi citatebs movixmobt amave xelnaweridan. L. Andghuladze, a specialist of the Russian translations of The Knight in the Panther s Skin said as follows: Although Rustaveli was lost in this translation as the great philosopher, it s for the first time the poems heroes appeared with their passions and feelings. It s for the first time the Russian reader considered The Knight in the Panther s Skin as masterpiece of art (p.42). Three lyric translations of the poem were made for the 750 th anniversary of The Knight in the Panther s Skin. The first translation The hero in tiger s skin was produced by Giorgi Tsagareli (1893-1955). In 1937 it was published in Moscow with the editing of V. Elsner. The translation included the notes made by G. Tsagareli about translating this poem into Russian and other soviet languages. Noteworthy is his opinion about Balmont s translation. The author noted that this translation had been made from Russian and English prose translations. According to G. Tsagareli, K. Balmont s translation can give an impression of the original poem. However, the translator stressed that the main grace of his own translation is that it had been made from the original. Extracts from the Russian translations were published by V. Derzhavin, P. Antakolsky and S. Klichkov. In 1934 P. Petrenko (1908-1937) became interested in Balmont s translation and he started to translate the poem. Extracts form this translation were periodically published. On November 5, 1935 P. Petrenko read the extract from his translation at the Georgian Writers Union. It was a great success. According to his words, that day was the happiest day of his life. He planned to finish the translation within two months and to publish it. But in May 1937 he died L. Andghuladze Balmont and Georgia, 1972, Soviet Georgia, Tbilisi. 10

Sesrulebuli Casworebani Semoenaxa (Semdgom poemis sasignalo egzemplari i. b. stalinis goris muzeums gadaeca). S. nucubizem direqcias poemis ertaderti sasignalo egzemplaris literaturis institutistvis gadacemis mizezic auxsna _ moxucebulobisa da xsiri avadmyofobis gamo undoda, saimedod daebinavebina mistvis Zvirfasi samaxsovro wigni. mecniers surda, SeeswavlaT igi, amave saxit gamoecat, Semdgom ki romelime muzeumisatvis gadaecat. al. baramize gadmogvcems, rom man S. nucubizes stxova, mokled arewera Targmanze musaobis istoria, rata werilobiti sabuti hqonodat. S. nucubizem ramdenime dresi institutsi oficialuri gancxadebis formit miitana Tavisi Canaweri. 1 S. nucubize werilsi arnisnavs, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ rusul enaze Targmans igi 1937 wels Seudga, Targmans warmatebit asrulebda da nawyvetebs Tavisufal auditoriebsi ukitxavda msurvelebs. Tumca ert-ert interviusi (e. kerzevaze, merab goderzisvili, `ambavi rustavelisa~, Jurn. `axalgazrda Jurnalisti~, #5, 1968, gv. 3) igi Targmanis dawyebas 1936 wlit atarirebs. al. baramizes 1936 weli miacnia sarwmunod, radgan swored am wels piradad mas mousmenia universitetsi S. nucubizis mier wakitxuli Targmanis nawyvetebi. S. nucubize Tavis interviusi arnisnavs, rom imtavitve guli wydeboda, rusul enaze poemis Rirseuli Targmani rom ar arsebobda. narkvevsi _ `qartveli poetebi da mecnierebi rustavelis poemis axali Targmanebis Sesaxeb~ _ gamocenili qartveli morvaweebis naazrevta Soris S. nucubizis Sexedulebacaa warmocenili. misi azrit, g. cagarelis Targmans k. balmontis, p. petrenkos da sxvata rusuli Targmanebis winase aqvs is upiratesoba, rom Sesrulebulia azris sruli warmodgenisa da rustveluri leqsis JReradobis safuzvelze. mecnieri daszens: `rasakvirvelia, garitmuli leqsit Targmna g. cagarels rtul mdgomareobasi ayenebs: mas teqstidan dasoreba an misi motxovnilebis Sesabamisad gadaketeba uxdeba~ tragically. In 1938 p. Petrenko s poetic translation of the poem was issued. Its title was The hero in tiger s skin. K. Chichinadze was the editor-in-chief of the edition, and the executive editor was I. Orbeli. According to K. Chichinadze, The translator was able to express the main ideas, metaphors and characters of the poem, and also the main spirit of the work. The forth Russian lyric translation of The Knight in the Panther s Skin was made by Shalva Nutsubidze. It was published in Moscow in 1941 and edited by Sergey Gorodetsky. Noteworthy is the story of how this translation was made. The translator wrote this story in the letter to the director of the Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature. The letter is dated 5.XI.68. 2 A.Baramidze wrote a special essay about the history of how Nutsubidze translated the poem. His essay was titled From the history of one of the Russian translations of The Knight in the Panther s Skin, Essays vol. V, 1971, Tbilisi. A. Baramidze also told the story of how Sh. Nutsubidze wrote the aforementioned letter. According to this story, in 1968 Shalva Nutsubidze gave the copy of his translation of the poem to the board of the Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature. Stalin edited the translation himself. For this reason, the copy included the corrections made by him. Later, this copy was transferred to the Gori Museum of Stalin. Shalva Nutsubidze explained the reason why he transferred the copy to the Institute of Georgian Literature. He said that he was old and ill and wanted the book to be in reliable place. The scholar wanted the book to be studied, published and afterwards, to be transferred to www. archive.security.gov.ge 1 werili pirvelad gamoqveynda gaz. _ `literaturuli saqartvelo~, `rustavelis Targmna aris Seni gadarcenis piroba~, 1 ianvari, 1993 w., gv. 13). K. Chichinadze, Rustaveli in P.Petrenko s Russian translation, 1937, Literary Newspaper, June 10, p.4. 2 II Section of the Archive Administration of the MIA, f.8, op.14, d.209, Shalva Nutsubidze s manuscript, pp.6-11. 11

(gv. 5). 1 S. nucubize poemis rusuli Targmanebidan gansakutrebul mnisvnelobas aniwebs p. petrenkos Targmans: `vefxistyaosnis~ rusuli Targmanebidan p. petrenkos Targmani, romelsac ssrk akademiis gamomcemloba aqveynebs, gansakutrebul yuradrebas imsaxurebs. Targmani rustavelis Semoqmedebis didad mcodne qartveli poetis _ k. WiWinaZis, redaqciit gamodis. man petrenkostan ertad poemis yoveli taepi daxvewa. petrenkos TargmanSi poema aracveulebrivi musikalobit JRers... poema originalis srul iluzias qmnis. umdidresi leqsika, leqsis frtianoba rustavelis poemis axal Targmans metad faseuls xdis...~ (iqve, gv. 5-6). p. petrenkos Targmanis aseti Sefasebis miuxedavad, S. nucubize mainc fiqrobda, rom uketesi, Rirseuli Targmanis Sesruleba SeiZleboda, amitomac Tavadac mosinja Zala da poemis zogierti nawyveti Targmna. werilis dasawyissi S. nucubize arnisnavs, rom mistvis sirtules warmoadgens movlenebis qronologiuri sizustit gadmocema. es arcaa gasakviri, Txroba xom 27 wlis Semdeg xdeba. Tumca, rogorc Cans, mxolod es araa mtavari mizezi. mecnieri aqve SeniSnavs, rom Targmnis istoria metad `bundovan pirobebsi mimdinareobda~. `bundovani pirobebi~ ki S. nucubizisatvis ufro adre daiwyo. igi, rogorc Tavad mogvitxrobs, moulodnelad daapatimres da ramdenime dresi moskovsi, lubiankaze, armocnda `Casaxlebuli~. werilsi S. nucubize dapatimrebis mizezebze ar saubrobs, Tumca zemoarnisnul interviusi igi am sakitxtan dakavsirebit konkretul cnobebs gvawvdis da braldebasac gvimxels: `daviwye pirveli Tavebis Targmna, saqme aewyo da kargadac midioda, magram cnobili andazisa ar iyos: `kaci bwobda, RmerTi ki icinodao~, male damapatimres avadxsenebuli b... piradi mosazrebebit, mraval `gamourkvev the museum. A.Baramidze said that he asked Nutsubidze to describe the story of how he translated the poem. After a few days Nutsubidze brought his letter to the institute. According to Nutsubidze s letter, he started to work on the Russian translation in 1937. He often read the extracts to the students during free lectures. However, according to the interview (E. Kerdzevadze, Merab Goderdzishvili The story of Rustaveli, 1968, the journal Young Journalist, No.5, p.3), he started to translate the poem in 1936. A. Baramidze considered that 1936 was the right date because this year he heard Nutsubidze reading extracts from his translation in the university. According to Nutsubidze s interview, he was disappointed there was not a good Russian translation of the poem. The essay Georgian poets and scientists about a new translation of Rustaveli s poem consisted of his and other famous Georgian figures point of views. In Nutsubidze s idea, G. Tsagareli s translation was better than those of Balmont, Petrenko and of other Russian translators because the poem sounded alike to the original. The scientists added: Of course, it is very difficult for 1 v. gafrindasvili, `qartveli poetebi da mecnierebi rustavelis poemis axali Targmanebis Sesaxeb~ (rusul enaze), Jurn. `Книжные новости~, moskovi, 1937, 15 aprili, #7, gv. 5-6 The letter Tranlsation of the Rustaveli is a term of your survival was first published in the Literary Georgia, 1993, January 1, p.13. 12

sakitxta gasarkvevad~. rogorc Cans, es `avadxsenebuli b...~ lavrenti beriaa, interviusic ki, masze gvaris mxolod pirveli asotia minisneba (werili 1968 welsaa dawerili da, Sesabamisad, am periodsi beria `avadsaxsenebelia~. aqve unda arinisnos, rom S. nucubizis arnisnul werils Tanadroulobis koniunqturuli dari amcnevia), `gamourkveveli sakitxebi~ ki beriasatvis (da kidev sxvebisatvis...) Rrmadmoazrovne S. nucubizis pirovnebas ukavsirdeboda, rogorc es sxva mnisvnelovani, magram mattvis sasisi, qartveli Tu sxva erovnebis Rirseuli warmomadgenlebis SemTxvevebSi xdeboda. al. baramizis narkvevsi araferia natqvami S. nucubizis dapatimrebis Sesaxeb, Tumca igi mis intervius icnobs da imowmebs kidec. al. baramizis werils daweris TariRi ar aqvs. misi `narkvevebis~ V tomi, sadac es werilia motavsebuli, 1971 welsaa gamocemuli. Cans, rom am periodsic eridebodnen am Temaze saubars. Sinagan saqmeta saministros arqivsi daculia «УГБ НКВД ГССР» - is (saq.ssr saxelmwifo usisroebis sammartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saxalxo komitetis) me- 4 ganyofilebis mier 1938 wlis 29/XIs Sedgenili kartoteka, 1 romelsic arnisnulia Semdegi: Salva isakis Ze nucubize, dabadebuli 1888 wels, qutaisis guberniis sof. farcxanayanebsi, amjamad mcxovrebi q. TbilisSi, perovskaias 6, profesia da specialoba _ mecnier- TanamSromeli, filosofiis doqtori, saqmianoba _ stalinis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori, katedris gamge, warsuli _ socialfederalisturi partiis wevri, socialuri mdgomareoba _ mosamsaxure, partiuloba _ upartio, nacionaloba _ qartveli, moqalaqeoba _ sabwota, dapatimrebulia 31 VIII, 1938 wels, sisxlis samartlis kodeqsis muxlit _ 58-10, 58-11, «НКВД СССР» - is depesis motxovnis Tanaxmad, 1938 wlis 1/XII-s specialuri badragis TanxlebiT `etapirebulia~ saqmestan ertad ssrk Sinagan saqmeta saxalxo komitetsi _ q. moskovi. aqve arnisnulia, rom S. nucubize «НКВД СССР» - is brzanebis (#26/8/44901) safuzvelze gatavisuflebulia patimrobidan da saqme the translator to translate a rhymed poem. He had to make some changes (p.5). Nutsubidze outlined the Russian translation made by Petrenko. He said as follows: Noteworthy is Petrenko s Russian translation of The Knight in the Panther s Skin. This version is published by the publishing-house of SSR academy under the editorship of K.Chichinadze who knows Rustaveli s work very well. He and Petrenko improved every line of the poem in the translation and thus, the whole poem sounds very good. This translation creates the illusion of the original. This is valuable for its rich vocabulary (ibid, pp.5-6). Although Nutsubidze praised highly Petrenko s translation he deemed that a better version could be made. For this reason, he tried to translate extracts from the poem. At the beginning of the letter Nutsubidze noted that it www. archive.security.gov.ge 1 saqartvelos Sss arqivi, II, f. #8, arwera #14, saqme #209, furc.12. V. Gaprindashvili Georgian poets and scientists about a new translation of Rustaveli s poem (in Russian), April 15, 1937, the journal No.7 Book News, Moscow, pp.5-6. 13

daxurulia. im periodis sisxlis samartlis kodeqsis 58.10 muxlis Tanaxmad, S. nucubizes brali edeba SpionaJSi. es muxli itvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis arkvetas mkacri izolaciis qves aranakleb sami wlis vadit. aqve arnisnulia, rom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu SpionaJma gamoiwvia, an SeeZlo saxelmwifo interesebisatvis gansakutrebulad mzime Sedegebi gamoewvia, sasjeli _ daxvreta. muxli _ 58.11- is mixedvit, filosofiis doqtors, universitetis profesors wayenebuli aqvs braldeba _ msromeli xalxisa da revoluciuri mozraobis winaarmdeg aqtiuri qmedeba Tu aqtiuri brzola, romelic gamovlenilia (am SmTxvevaSi) kontr-revoluciuri mtavrobebis sapasuxismgeblo an gansakutrebulsaidumlo Tanamdebobebze samoqalaqo omis periodsi. stalinis epoqasi aseti braldebit mravali udanasaulo adamiani iyo dapatimrebuli da gasamartlebuli. S. nucubizis dakavebastan dakavsirebit Tavad `vefxistyaosnis~ mtargmnelis interviusi mowodebul informacias avsebs misive werili, saidanac vigebt, rom dapatimrebisas mas CamoarTves `vefxistyaosani~, Targmanis nawyvetebi da poemis teqsttan dakavsirebuli `ganmartebiti xasiatis nasromebi~. S. nucubizis mogonebis mixedvit, didi dro ar iyo gasuli, rom mis `axal maspinzlebs~ da masac, `mat moulodnel stumars~, TiTqmis daaviwydat poemis Targmanis nawyvetebis Semcveli da didi `suliskvetebit~ gajrentili nasromebi. `yovel SemTxvevaSi mati gaxsenebit Tavs aravin iwuxebda da arc me mawuxebdnen~ (furc. 7) _ daszens mtargmneli-patimari. rogorc sabolood armocnda, S. nucubizis Sroma ar daviwyebiat, sxvebs SeiZleba ar axsovdat, magram stalini fxizlad iyo da `vefxistyaosnis~ Rirseul, srulfasovan rusul Targmanze gamudmebit fiqrobda (k. balmontis TargmaniT igi ar iyo kmayofili). rasakvirvelia, `atasi Tvalisa da atasi yuris~ mqone stalinma icoda S. nucubizis dapatimrebisa da misi Targmnili nawyvetebis Sesaxeb. werilsi es arnisnuli araa, interviusi ki S. nucubize garkvevit ambobs, rom `ramdenime Tvis Semdeg (dapatimrebis _ n. g.) i. b. stalini dainteresda Cemi dapatimrebis gamomwvevi was very difficult for him to tell the poem chronologically. It is natural because the plot is narrated after twenty seven years. But this is not the main point. The scholars noted that the process of the translation was very obscure. According to him, he was arrested unexpectedly, and in a few days he was exiled to Lubyanka, Moscow. Although Nutsubidze did not write in the letter the reason of his detention, according to the aforementioned interview: I started to translate the first chapters of the poem. Everything was going well but according to the adverb, Man proposes, god disposes. Soon after, I was arrested by the initiative of B This person is deemed to be Lavrentiy Beria. The letter was written in 1968. Nutsubidze was arrested in order to study his personality, like many other famous Georgians. Although there was nothing said about Nutsubidze s detention in Baramidze s essay, he had read Nutsubidze s interview and testified it as fact. Baramidze s letter was not dated. But it was included in his Essays vol. V which was published in 1971. It seems that everyone has avoided speaking about this issue. The card index passed on November 29, 1938 by the People s Committee of Internal Affairs of State Security of Georgian SSR is preserved in the Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. According to the document, Shalva Nutsubidze (son of Isak Nutsubidze) was born in 1888 in Partskhanakanebi village, Kutaisi region; address: Persovskaya 6, Tbilisi; title scientist, PhD; professor and the head of the department of the Stalin Tbilisi State University; Former member of the Social-Federalist Party; social status public servant; non-party; nationality II Section of the archive of the MIA, f.8, op.14, d.209, p.12. 14

mizezebit da kidev ufro imit, rom gaego `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmnis ambavi~. cdamac ar daayovna. S. nucubize ixsenebs, rom ert dres gamozaxebisas hkitxes, `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmnis survili Tu hqonda. mecnieris pasuxi amgvari gaxldat: ` _ Tqven es ratom gawuxebt? ra icit amis Sesaxeb~. S. nucubizem masin arc ki icoda, rogor iyo dainteresebuli `didi beladi~ misi nasromit da, amdenad, im periodisatvis misi ertob gulubryvilo SekiTxva savsebit gulwrfelad JRerda. am SekiTxvas mkafio pasuxi gasces, rom yvelaferi icodnen TargmanTan dakavsirebit da auditoriebsi misi sajaro kitxvis Sesaxebac. mat yvelaferi icodnen, yvelafers xedavdnen da rac WkuaSi daujdebodat, `ertob lazatianadac aketebdnen~. mati qmedebebis Sedegi ki yoveltvis saxelmwifo interesebis gatvaliswinebit aixsneboda, undodat _ gaaqrobdnen, undodat _ acocxlebdnen. amgvari iyo diqtatori stalinis saxelmwifoebrivi politika. S. nucubizes sapatimrosi acnobes, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmanis dasrulebis sasualebas azlevdnen. es SeTavazeba, ufro sworad, `am frazis redaqcia~ mecniers didad ar moewona, magram, rogorc Tavad ambobs, `sxva gza ar iyo, Tanxmoba ganvacxade~. patimari-mtargmnelisatvis situacia umalve Seicvala, meore dresve mis kamerasi `vefxistyaosnis~ qartuli gamocema gacnda da, Tqven warmoidginet, `sadili arestantebis sasadilodan ki ara, TanamSromelTa sasadilodan~ miutanes, ramac S. nucubizec gaakvirva (am faqtis arnisvna amas mowmobs). mtargmnelisatvis `axali cxovreba daiwyo~. tyve nucubize gulmodgined musaobda Targmanze da mteli kviris manzilze Sesrulebuli misi nakvetebi yovel SabaT dres mihqondat, Tavad ar icoda _ sad. mxolod Semdgom gaigo, rom stalini kitxulobda mis Targmanebs. S. nucubizis interviusi kvlavac saintereso faqtebi fiqsirdeba. mtargmneli stalintan gamoizaxes kremlsi, `mis binaze~. es ukve didi pativi gaxldat, saknidan _ pirdapir kremlsi, Tanac mtavarsardaltan. amgvari ketilganwyoba S. nucubizis brwyinvale Targmanebis damsaxureba iyo. aset Georgian; citizenship Soviet Union; arrest date 31. VIII. 1938; he was accused based on Article 58-10, 58-11; On December 1, 1938 his case was submitted to the NKVD of Moscow. According to the resolution No.26/8/44901 passed by NKVD the case was closed and he was released. Nutsubidze was accused of sabotage based on Article 58.10 of the Criminal Code which would have guaranteed a minimum three years in isolation. Hereby it is noted that if the sabotage damages the state, the article guarantees the death penalty. The professor was accused of the activity against the working people and revolutionary movement based on Article 58.11. Many innocent persons were arrested and trialed based on this article under Stalin s regime. According to Nutsubidze s letter, the following items were confiscated when he was detained: the book The Knight in the Panther s Skin, the extracts from the translation, and explanatory essays concerning the poem. Soon after the detention both new hosts and unexpected guest forgot about those items. The detained translator added: Anyway nobody troubled me concerning the essays (p.7). Later, it became clear that Stalin did not forget the translator s works. He thought about a worthy translation of The Knight in the Panther s Skin. He did not like the translation made by K. Balmont. Stalin had a thousand eyes and ears and of course, he knew all about Nutsubidze s detention and about his works. According to Nutsubidze s interview, A few months after the detention J. B. Stalin became interested in the case and in the translation of the Knight in the Panther s Skin. The opportunity was not long in coming. Nutsubidze remembered that one day he was called www. archive.security.gov.ge 15

damokidebulebas stalinis RimiliT natqvami frazac amowmebda: `rogor aris Tqveni da rustavelis ambavi?~. didi iumoris grznobam, aqac ar uralata S. nucubizes da stalins moswrebuli pasuxi RimiliTve gasca: ` _ rogoraa da ager rva Tvea patimrobasi vimyofebit orive~. stalinma mtargmnels hkitxa, musaobisatvis xelsayreli pirobebi Tu hqonda, misi Semdgomi patimrobis ambis `garkvevas~ dahpirda da `iqve mdgom b... miubrunda: _ xeli SeuwyveT, daexmaret, es sawiroa, Zalian sawiroa...~. beria, S. nucubizis saqmesi (iseve rogorc yvela sxva saxelmwifoebriv ambavsa da movlenasi) pirdapir iyo CarTuli da `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmnis procesis usualo Tvalyurmadevari gaxldat. mistvis, mxolod stalinis mititeba iyo sawiro da dakisrebul movaleobas pirnatlad asrulebda. S. nucubizis werili kidev ert, metad saintereso epizods gvawvdis. patimar-mtargmnels ert dres qobulovma aseti ambavi moutana, Turme stalins erti Tavisi `didi TanamSromlisTvis~ ukitxavs, Tu icoda, SaSvi ra frinveli iyo. `didi TanamSromeli~ (albat, beria), rogorc Cans, ver Caswvda stalinis metaforuli SekiTxvis dedaazrs, pirdapir gaigo misi natqvami da martivi pasuxi gasca, rom mats mxaresi bevri SaSvi iyo, xsirad enaxa da moesmina kidec. stalini `didi TanamSromlis~ miuxvedrelobam ver SeaCera, mobaases ar moesva da hkitxa: `galiasi momrerali SaSvi Tu mogismenia?~ (furc. 8). amgvarma kitxvam daabnia mopasuxe, kvlavac ver amoicno stalinis minisneba. beladma ufro daakonkreta satqmeli da ganagrzo: ` _ arc kamerasi momrerali mgosani arsebobs? Tu martlac gsurs miiro rustavelis poemis Targmani _ gausvi is galiidan, romelsic Sen amrereb~. (iqve) arnisnuli dialogidan Cans, rom am `did TanamSromels~ TiTqos ar undoda and asked if he wanted to translate the poem. The scholar said in reply: Why do you worry about it? What do you know about it? Nutsubidze s questions sounded sincere because he did not know that Stalin was very interested in his translation. His questions were answered definitely, that they knew everything about the translation and about the fact that he read the extracts of the poem in the lecture-halls. They knew everything, saw everything and did everything that was acceptable. They could save or execute anyone in the state's interests. This was state political ideology of Stalin. Nutsubidze was informed in prison that he would be given a chance to finish his translation of The Knight in the 16