GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI REPORT ON SIXTH ECONOMIC CENSUS IN DELHI 2013 (Provisional results) DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS VIKAS BHAWAN-II, IIIrd FLOOR, B-WING, BELA ROAD,CIVIL LINES, DELHI-110054 www.des.delhigovt.nic.in AUGUST -2014
PREFACE The sixth Economic Census was conducted in NCT of Delhi during February-June 2013 under Central Plan Scheme sponsored by Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Govt. of India. The field work of Economic Census involving counting of all the establishments in NCT of Delhi, excluding those engaged in crop production, plantation, public administration, defence and compulsory social security services, was one of the most complex and massive administrative exercise. The present report on Sixth Economic Census in Delhi is brought out by the Directorate of Economics & Statistics on the basis of provisional results generated from the data contained in the Establishment Abstract (Schedule 6B) of Economic Census. This report contains key results of sixth economic census with special reference to total number of establishments, type & nature of establishment, number of persons usually working in those establishments in respect of, eleven districts. The data contained in this report will be useful for the immediate planning and research purposes. I place on record my appreciation for the tireless efforts put by all the officers and staff of Planning Department and Directorate of economics & Statistics for overall supervision of field work, providing training to all field functionaries and scrutiny of canvassed schedules within stipulated time period. The whole hearted participation by the Principals/Vice-Principals of Govt. Schools deployed as Charge Officers, school teachers of GNCTD, MCD, NDMC and Delhi Cantonment Board, Anganwadi workers, Asha workers, unemployed youths and other government officials who had worked as supervisors and enumerators etc. for conduct of field work of Economic Census is also highly appreciated. I further place on record my appreciation for the valuable contribution of the officers and staff of Economic Census Unit of DES under Dr. R.N. Sharma, Joint Director and Sh. Sabir Ali, Assistant Director, Sh. Praveen Srivastava, Programmer in successful conduct of Sixth Economic Census and bringing out this report. August, 2014 DR. B.K. SHARMA DIRECTOR cum SPL. SECRETARY
CONTENTS SECTION SUBJECT PAGE NO. HIGHLIGHTS i-ii SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION 1-7 SECTION TWO PROVISIONAL RESULTS 8-31 SECTION THREE CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS 32-33 ANNEXURE I Copy of order regarding constitution of State level Steering Committee ANNEXURE II Specimen of schedules of Sixth Economic Census
[ z{ä z{àá The Sixth Economic Census (EC) covered whole of the geographical boundary of Delhi. Field work was conducted during February, 2013 to June, 2013. The EC enumerated all establishments engaged in various agricultural and nonagricultural activities excluding crop production, plantation, public administration, defense and compulsory social security. 33175 Enumeration Blocks (EBs) of population census were used as the primary geographical units for collection of data. 35 EBs were splitted due to excessive work load. Establishments: Total number of establishments operating in NCT of Delhi were estimated as 8,93,177. Out of them 12,673 (1.42%) were operating in rural areas while 8,80,504 (98.58%) in urban areas. Out of the total establishments 76.89% were operating with a fixed structure and rest 23.11% operating from outside household without fixed structure. At all India level the share of establishments operating from outside household without fixed structure was 20.49%. Data for handicraft/handloom establishments was collected for the first time. About 2.50% of the establishments (22308) are engaged in handicraft/handloom activities. As per the provisional results there were 29680 establishments in Delhi employing 8 or more workers. It works out to about 3.32% of the total establishments. Growth rate in number of establishments over 5 th EC (2005) is 18.35%. Delhi with 1.53% share in the total number of establishment had occupied 17 th position among 36 States/UTs in the country. i
Employment Total number of persons usually found to be working in the establishments of Delhi worked out to 29,84, 850. Out of which 27,812 were in rural areas and 29,57,038 in urban areas. The share of rural establishment with respect to employment is only 0.93%. Out of the total workers 2620993 were male and 363857 were females. The proportion of female workers is 12.19%. Out of the total workers, 20,49,068 (68.70% ) were hired and 9,35,782 (31.30%) nonhired workers. The average employment size i.e. number of workers per enterprise is 3.34 as against the All India average of 2.18 workers per enterprise. Average number of hired workers per establishment in Delhi was 2.29 as against 1.00 hired worker per establishment at all India level. Employment during 6th Economic Census overall registered a negative growth of about 12.22% during the period 2005-2013 as the establishments engaged in public administration (Ministries, Government offices etc.), Defence and compulsory social security activities covered during 5th EC 2005 were outside the coverage during 6th EC 2013 and accordingly employment in both the Economic Censuses is not comparable. Delhi with 2.34% share in the total employment had occupied 16 th position among 36 States/UTs in the country. Delhi s average employment size of 3.34 workers per enterprise is relatively better from its neighboring States/UTs viz. Haryana (2.76), Himachal Pradesh (2.32), Punjab (2.36), Uttar Pradesh (2.05), Uttrakhand (2.63), Rajasthan (2.12), Madhya Pradesh (2.06) and J&K (2.14). ii
SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION
SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION The growing importance of informal sector in the process of economic development of the country like India need not be over emphasized. This sector with high degree of elasticity in employment generation is ideally suited for the populated country like India. This calls for collection and maintenance of structural data on this sector to assist the planners in devising relevant support programmes for their smooth and rapid progress. The prolonged efforts of statisticians and planners in finding a way out for collection of information on this important and at the same time amorphous area of activity resulted in a decisive breakthrough with the advent of conduct of Economic Census. MEANING, SCOPE AND COVERAGE Economic Census may be taken to mean as the complete enumeration of entrepreneurial activities operating in the geographical boundaries of State/Country at a given point of time to come out with the official count of enterprises and their characteristics. The subject of coverage under the 6 th Economic Census briefly includes all types of entrepreneurial activities in the field of agricultural (except crop production and plantation) as well as non-agricultural. Entrepreneurial activities mean, all those economic activities dealing with the production and/or distribution of goods/services not solely for the purpose of own consumption. To illustrate, a Tailor engaged in the tailoring activity and charges for the service is included and a housewife stitching the clothes of family members alone, as a part of her domestic work is excluded for the purpose of Economic census. All economic activities- agricultural and non-agricultural, except those involved in crop production and plantation, public administration, Defense and compulsory social security, related to 1
production and/or distribution of groups and/or services were covered. The main agricultural activities covered under the 6 th EC include livestock production, agricultural support activities, hunting, forestry, logging, fishing and aquaculture. Non-agricultural field of activity covered by Economic Census operations includes mining & quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas & water supply, sewerage, waste management, construction, wholesale & retail trade, transport & storage, accommodation & food service, information & communication, financial & insurance, real estate, profession, scientific & technical, administrative & support service, education, human health & social work, arts; entertainment & recreation etc. The above said activities whether they are in household or institutional, private or public were covered without exception. However, as were done earlier Censuses, following activities were kept out of the preview of the 6 th EC: (i) Establishments of shelter-less and nomadic population, which keep on moving from place to place and camp either without shelter or with makeshift shelter. (ii) Establishments engaged in some illegal activities like smuggling, gambling, beggary, prostitution, etc. (iii) Domestic servants, whether they work in one household or in a number of households, drivers, etc. who undertake jobs for other on wages. (iv) (v) Household members engaged in household chores. Households in which none of the members is engaged in any gainful activity i.e. households depending on remittance, rent, interest, pension etc. ECONOMIC CENSUS IN PERSPECTIVE The first Economic Census was conducted in India in 1977. The coverage of the Census was confined to non-agricultural establishments. The census did not cover own-account and agricultural enterprises. The items of information collected from each establishment were its location, description of activity, total number and the number of hired persons usually working by gender, type of ownership, activity, power/fuel used for carrying out the activity, value of annual 2
output/turnover/receipts mixed activity or not, registered/licensed/recognized or not, and act/authority, if registered. In addition to the above, a schedule giving village amenities in rural areas was also canvassed. A mixed approach was followed for collection of requisite data. It was complete house listing in the entire urban area and in those villages (contiguous, compact and well identifiable area units) with a census population of more than 5000. In other smaller villages (i.e. villages with 5000 population or less), a village level enquiry was made to list establishments and they were later visited and establishments were canvassed, wherever warranted. The second and third Economic Censuses were clubbed with the house listing operations of Population Censuses conducted in 1980 and 1990 respectively keeping in view the operational convenience and cost effectiveness. The censuses had wide scope and coverage than that of the first one. Both own account enterprises and establishments, agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises were covered. The items on which information was collected under these censuses were more or less the same as those collected in the first Economic Census. However, based on the field problems faced and experience gained in the first Economic Census, the collection of information relating to value of output/turnover/receipts was dropped. Domestic workers engaged by household (maids) were also not included in the coverage of Economic Census. The same line of approach was adopted under the Fourth (1998), Fifth (2005) and Sixth Economic Census (2013) as well. New features added during the fifth and sixth Economic census was canvassing of a separate schedule Address slip/directory of Establishments among the enterprises employing 10 or more workers for compilation of a Directory of larger establishments. ECONOMIC CENSUS: OBJECTIVE The main objectives behind the conduct of Economic census are explained below: 3
(i) The Economic Census which mainly gives activity-wise and area-wise head count of enterprises, employment and other main characteristics in numerical terms and their growth over a period of time gives a measure of impact of policies of Government in this regard.. (ii) To provide detailed information on operational and economic variables, activity wise, of all the establishments of all the State/Country including its distribution at lower geographical levels like tehsil/villages in case of rural areas and towns/wards in case of urban areas for decentralized planning. (iii) To generate information on number of exporting establishments, employing 10 or more workers, activity- wise and area- wise in operation. (iv) To provide updated Directory of Establishments employing 10 or more workers for local level planning purposes and also for using a list frame for conduct of survey of such establishments in the non-manufacturing/services sector, and (v) It provides area sample frame for follow-up surveys. The follow-up surveys give out data on size, region, distribution, employment, value added of each of non- agricultural sector. This will help bridge data gaps in the unorganized sector of the economy. The rationale behind the repetition of this exercise periodically is to update the database. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE The 6 th Economic Census was conducted in Rural as well as Urban areas of Delhi without exception. Rural area consists of 112 Census villages. Census village refers to those areas classified and covered as villages during 2011 Population Census conducted by Registrar General of India (RGI). Urban area of Delhi comprised of three statutory towns viz. Municipal Corporations of Delhi (MCD), New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC), Delhi Cantt. and census towns. Census towns may be taken to mean those villages with a population of 5000 and above and covered as urban areas during Population Census 2011 by RGI. There were 110 such Census Towns in Delhi. 4
The unit of survey in both rural and urban areas was the Enumeration Blocks (EBs) used in Population Census 2011operations by RGI. The total number of such blocks covered during the course of field work was about 33210. METHODOLOGY During the course of field work, dual approach was adopted for covering the entrepreneurial activities. In respect of establishments operated with fixed structure, such units were covered at the place of their operation. On the other hand, economic activities that are carried out without any fixed structures or location were accounted at respective households (residence). This was done to sure the complete coverage of the activities without exception. The actual work of enumeration was done on house to house basis, covering the length and breadth of Delhi. STEERING COMMITTEE For securing cooperation from all departments for the smooth conduct of Economic Census in Delhi, State Level Steering Committee was constituted in February-2012 under the Chairmanship of Chief Secretary, Govt. Of NCT of Delhi (Annexure I).. The committee inter alia included representatives from Department of Finance, Planning, Services, Education, Labour, Industry, Divisional Commissioner, Development Commissioner, MCD, NDMC, Delhi Cantonment Board and the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Govt. of India. FUNDS The Plan Scheme of 6 th Economic Census is fully funded by Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Government of India. The total outlay at the national level is Rs. 763.49 crores. Out of this, an amount of Rs. 10.51 crores (1.4%) was provided to Delhi. Under 5
the scheme, two posts of officers (Assistant Director, Statistical Officer) and five posts of staff (four Statistical Assistants, one LDC/Typist) have been created in this Directorate on temporary basis during the period of the scheme. MANPOWER DEPLOYMENT & TRAINING For the conduct of field work, teachers of MCD, NDMC, DCB, Anganwadi workers, Asha Workers and 12 th pass unemployed youths were deployed as enumerators and teachers of Directorate of Education and officers/staff of Planning & Statistical cadre besides some other category of government staff were deployed as supervisors on part time basis. In all 5300 enumerators,4700 supervisors and 92 Charge officers were deployed for conduct of field work. Overall supervision was done by the officers of Planning & Statistical cadre. The teachers deployed for Economic Census were given seven days special Earned Leaves apart from the honorarium for conducting the field work. Teachers/other official and unemployed youths deployed for the conduct of field work were given two days training in batches and trainings were imparted during January- March, 2013 by the officers of this Directorate/Planning Department. PERIOD OF FIELD OPERATIONS The field work of 6thEconomic Census was initially planned during February-March, 2013. The field work was inaugurated in the first week of February,2013 by the Hon ble Chief Minister. Due to non-availability of adequate number of teachers and heavy dropouts of unemployed youths the field work could be completed by June, 2013. SCHEDULES CANVASSED Three schedules namely (i) House and Establishment Listing Schedule, (ii) Establishment Abstract, and (iii0 Directory of Establishment Schedule were used in the sixth Economic Census. The specimen of these schedules are given at Annexure-II. PUBLICITY Wide publicity campaign was organized through print media by releasing series of advertisements in the leading dailies of Hindi, English, Urdu, Punjabi languages soliciting coordination for providing information under the Economic Census. All Resident Welfare 6
Association (RWAs) and Trader s Associations associated with Baghidari scheme were also sensitized by sending letters and pamphlets. Apart from this, Government of India had publicized through TV and other electronic media. LIMITATIONS OF SIXTH ECONOMIC CENSUS The limitations of data generated under the 6 th Economic Census are discussed below keeping in view the interest of users of this data. The method of collection of data under Economic Census is not record- based information but only oral information provided by the informants. In this method under reporting of employment, unintended accuracy, recall lapse and casual approach on the part of the informants is likely to some extent. Majority of enumerators deployed under the sixth Economic Census in Delhi were unemployed youths/students, Asha workers and Anganwadi workers who were totally new to such type of work. The limited availability of the services of the school teachers who are considered to be seasoned field workers for such type of enumeration work, was felt during the course of organization of field work Although certain improvements were made in the schedule to guard against under-listing of establishments (particularly the home-based units or those operating without fixed structures), data as per sixth economic Census may be subject to some amount of coverage error on account of such under-listing, which is difficult to eliminate totally in a massive census operation. Despite the above limitations, the data collected under the6th Economic Census is expected to fulfill the needs of planners and other data users richly. 7
SECTION TWO PROVISIONAL RESULTS
SECTION TWO PROVISIONAL RESULTS This section is devoted the analysis of the main findings of the Sixth Economic Census held in Delhi during Feb-June 2013. The results are purely provisional. The concepts and definitions adopted and the forms used during the Sixth Economic Census for collection of data are at Annexure I & II respectively. DISTRIBUTION OF ENTERPRISES: Sector-wise: The number of establishments found to be operated in the geographical boundaries of NCT of Delhi during 2013 comes to 893177. Out of them only 12673 (1.42%) were in rural areas and 880504 (98.58%) in urban areas. Total Number of establishments and their percentage distribution by Rural - Urban Rural Delhi 12673 (1.42%) Urban Delhi, 880504, (98.58%) By type of structure: Establishments have been classified into three broad groups with respect to type of premises viz. establishments outside household with fixed structure, inside household and outside household without fixed structure. Economic Census covered all three types of units to ensure complete coverage of activities. 8
Statement 1: Distribution of enterprises: Sector Rural Urban Delhi Type of Establishment No. of Establishments % to the total Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure Outside household without fixed structure Total (Rural) 8987 3686 12673 70.91 29.09 100.00 Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure 677750 76.97 Outside household without fixed structure 202754 23.03 Total (Urban) 880504 100.00 Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure 686737 76.89 Outside household without fixed structure 206440 23.11 Total (Rural+Urban) 893177 100.00 Establishments employing 8 or more workers 203 Number of Handicraft/ Handloom Establishments 266 29477 22042 29680 22308 Analysis of related data revealed that out of the total establishments 76.89% were operating with a fixed structure and rest 23.11% were operating without any fixed structure. In rural, 70.91% of the rural establishments were operating from fixed structures and in urban this share was 76.97%. At All India level the share of establishments s operating with a fixed structure was 79.51% and the rest 20.49% were operating without any fixed structure. Percentage distribution of establishments by type of structure in Delhi (Rural + Urban) Outside household without fixed structure 206440 (23.11%) Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure 686737 (76.89%) 9
Percentage distribution of establishments by type of structure at All India level (Rural + Urban) Outside household without fixed structure 20.49% Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure 79.51% Establishment employing 8 or more workers: As per the provisional results there were 29680 establishments in Delhi employing 8 or more workers it works out to about 3.32% of the total establishments. Handicraft/Handloom Establishments: As per 6 th EC provisional results there were about 22308 Handicraft/Handloom establishments in Delhi which is 2.50% of the total establishments as against 3.75% at All India level. Growth in Establishments over 5 th EC (2005): The comparison of the results of Sixth Economic Census with Fifth Economic Census in respect of establishments as shown in statement-2, revealed 18.35% growth in number of establishments over the 5 th Economic Census conducted in 2005. Statement 2: Number of Establishments under 5 th & 6 th Economic Census. Sector Rural Urban Delhi No. of No. of % change Type of Establishment Establishment Establishment over 2005- s (5th EC) s (6th EC) 2013 Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure 20191 8987 Outside household without fixed structure 6155 3686 Total (Rural) 26346 12673-51.90% Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure 619204 677750 Outside household without fixed structure 109165 202754 Total (Urban) 728369 880504 20.89% Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure 639395 686737 7.40% Outside household without fixed structure 115320 206440 79.01% Total (Rural+Urban) 754715 893177 18.35% 10
The results revealed negative growth in number of establishments in rural area over the previous 5 th EC, it is due to reduction of number of villages from 165 during 5 th EC to 112 during 6 th EC while the growth in number of establishments in urban areas was 20.89%. As per 6 th EC, about 77% enterprises were operating from fixed structure and the rest 23% were without fixed structure. This proportion during the 5 th EC was 85% and 15% respectively. Distribution of establishments under 6th & 5th Economic Census in Delhi No. of estblishments (in Thousands) e 800.00 700.00 600.00 500.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 100.00 0.00 686.737 639.40 206.44 115.32 5th EC (2005) 6th EC (2013) Outside and Inside the household with fixed structure Outside household without fixed structure DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF PERSONS USUALLY WORKING: One of the important objectives behind the conduct of Economic Census was to ascertain the total number of persons engaged in the entrepreneurial activity. Sector-wise employment: The total number of persons usually found to be working in the establishments of Delhi worked out to 2984850. The share of rural and urban establishments with respect to employment was about 0.93% and 99.07% respectively. Statement 3: Number of workers employed in establishments. S.No. Type of Worker No. of Persons Employed Rural Urban All i Male-Hired 10484 1790790 1801274 ii Male-not Hired 12148 807571 819719 iii Total Male (i+ii) 22632 2598361 2620993 iv Female-Hired 2295 245499 247794 v Female-not Hired 2885 113178 116063 vi Total Female (iv+v) 5180 358677 363857 vii Total-Hired (i+iv) 12779 2036289 2049068 viii Total not-hired (ii+v) 15033 920749 935782 Total (iii+vi) 27812 2957038 2984850 11
Sex-wise employment: Out of the total employment there were 2620993 (87.81%) male workers and 363857 (12.19%) female workers. At All India level the composition of female in total employment was 30.90%. Sex-wise distribution of workers in Delhi (Rural + Urban) Female 12.19% Male 87.81% Type of employment-wise distribution of workers: Out of the total workers, 2049468(68.65%) were hired workers and rest of them nearly 31.35% were household workers. Type of employment wise distribution of workers in Delhi (Rural + Urban) Non-Hired 31.35% Hired 68.65% Growth in Employment over 5 th EC (2005): The establishments engaged in public administration (Ministries, Government offices etc.), Defence and compulsory social security activities covered during 5 th EC 2005 were outside the coverage during 6 th EC 2013. Accordingly employment in both the Economic Censuses is not comparable. Employment during 6 th Economic Census overall registered a negative growth of about 12.22% during the period 2005-2013. 12
Statement 4: Number of workers under 5 th & 6 th Economic Census SI.No Type of Worker No. of Persons Employed (5th EC) No. of Persons Employed (6th EC) % change i. Male-Hired 2223797 1801274-19 ii. Male-not Hired 821645 819719-0.23 iii Total Male (i+ii) 3045442 2620993-13.94 iv. Female-Hired 296417 247794-16.4 v Female-not Hired 58667 116063 97.83 vi Total Female (iv+v) 355084 363857 2.47 vii Total-Hired (i+iv) 2520214 2049068-18.69 viii Total not-hired (ii+v) 880312 935782 6.3 Total (iii+vi) 3400526 2984850-12.22 Distribution of employment under 6th & 5th Economic Census in Delhi No. of Persons (in Thousands) 4500.00 4000.00 3500.00 3000.00 2500.00 2000.00 1500.00 1000.00 500.00 0.00 73.08 27.81 4006.95 2957.04 4080.03 2984.85 5th EC (2005) 6th EC (2013) Rural Urban Delhi 13
AVERAGE EMPLOYMENT The average number of persons usually working in each establishment comes to 3.34 persons in Delhi as against 2.18 persons at All India level. In Rural, this average was 2.19 persons per establishment while in urban area it was high as 3.36 persons per establishment. In comparison to 5 th Economic Census (2005) the overall average employment per establishment registered decrease from 5.41 persons per establishment to 3.34 persons in 6 th Economic Census (2013). Statement 5: Average Employment under 6 th and 5 th Economic Census Sl.No I II Item 6th Economic Census (2013) 5th Economic Census (2005) Average Employment Rural 2.19 2.64 Urban 3.36 5.52 Delhi 3.34 5.41 Average Hired Employment Rural 1.01 1.57 Urban 2.31 4.24 Delhi 2.29 4.14 Average number of hired persons per establishment in Delhi was 2.29 persons as against 1.00 person at All India Level. Average Employment Under 6th & 5th Economic Census 6 5.52 5.41 No. of Persons per enterprise 5 4 3 2 2.19 2.64 3.36 3.34 6th Economic Census (2013) 5th Economic Census (2005) 1 0 Rural Urban Delhi 14
DISTRICT-WISE PROFILE Establishments: Number of establishments, employment and other features are presented ted district-wise district in statement 6 to 9.. Accordingly, Central district with the share of 17.16% in the total number of establishments is the leading district followed by west district (11.93%), North North-East East district (10.53%), North-West West district (10.43%) and East district (9.22%). Diagrammatic presentation of District wise share of Enterprises under 6th Economic Census in Delhi 74875 (8.38%) North 94073 (10.53%) 93133 (10.43%) North West 153244 (17.16%) North East 72756(8.15%) 106524 (11.93%) Central Shahadra West East New Delhi South West South East South 41953 (4.70%) 76556(8.57%) 38498 (4.31%) 59236(6.63%) Number of Establishments Top 5 Districts Central 153244 (17.16%) West 106524(11.93%) North East 94073(10.53%) North West 93133(10.43%) East 82329(9.22%) Figures in bracket are percentage share in the state 15 82329 (9.22%)