Commonwealth of Virginia Job Vacancy Survey

Transcription

1 a Commonwealth of Virginia Job Vacancy Survey Prepared for: Virginia Employment Commission Richmond, Virginia Prepared by: Virginia Center for Urban Development and the Survey and Evaluation Research Laboratory L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University October W. Franklin Street PO Box Richmond, Virginia (804)

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... Overview... Survey Sample... Key Findings... i i i ii INTRODUCTION... RESEARCH METHODOLOGY... Categories for the Analysis... Industry Sectors... Workforce Investment Board Regions... Employer Size Categories... Occupational Classification Codes... Job Vacancy Survey... Developing the Sample... Survey Implementation... Response Rate... Sampling Error... Caveats... SURVEY RESULTS... Summary of Job Vacancy Data... Expectations about Short- Run Changes in Employment... Employees Hired During Past Twelve Months... Degree to Which New Employees have Met Expectations continued

3 SURVEY RESULTS, continued Summary of Job Vacancy Data, continued TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued Page Number Estimated Number of Job and Job Vacancy Rate... Type of Positions and Duration of Job... Educational, Work Experience, and Certification Requirements... Compensation Provided... Wages and Salaries... Benefits... Job by Industry... Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11)... Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21)... Utilities (NAICS 22)... Construction (NAICS 23)... Manufacturing (NAICS 31, 32, 33)... Wholesale Trade (NAICS 42)... Retail Trade (NAICS 44 and 45)... Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48 and 49)... Information (NAICS 51)... Finance and Insurance (NAICS 52)... Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53)... Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (NAICS 54)... Management of Companies and Enterprises (NAICS 55)... Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services (NAICS 56) continued

4 SURVEY RESULTS, continued TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued Page Number Job Vacancy by Industry, continued Educational Services (NAICS 61)... Health Care and Social Assistance (NAICS 62)... Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (NAICS 71)... Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)... Other Services - except Public Administration (NAICS 81)... Public Administration (NAICS 92) Job by Workforce Investment Board Region... Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board (WIB I)... New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board (WIB II)... Western Virginia Workforce Development Board (WIB III)... Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board (WIB IV)... Piedmont Workforce Network (WIB VI)... Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership (WIB VII)... South Central Workforce Investment Board (WIB VIII)... Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership (WIB IX)... Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System (WIB XI)... Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board (WIB XII)... Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board (WIB XIII)... Peninsula Council for Workforce Development (WIB XIV)... Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group (WIB XV)... Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board (WIB XVI) West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board (WIB XVII) continued

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued Page Number SURVEY RESULTS, continued Job by Employer Size to 9 Employees to 24 Employees to 99 Employees to 499 Employees to 999 Employees ,000 or More Employees Job by Occupational Group... Management (SOC )... Business and Financial Operations (SOC )... Computer and Mathematical (SOC )... Architecture and Engineering (SOC )... Life, Physical, and Social Sciences (SOC )... Community and Social Services (SOC )... Legal Occupations (SOC )... Education, Training, and Library (SOC )... Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media (SOC )... Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (SOC )... Healthcare Support (SOC )... Protective Service (SOC )... Food Preparation and Serving Related (SOC )... Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance (SOC )... Personal Care and Service (SOC ) continued

6 SURVEY RESULTS, continued TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued Page Number Job by Occupational Group, continued Sales and Related (SOC )... Office and Administrative Support (SOC )... Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (SOC )... Construction and Extraction (SOC )... Installation, Maintenance, and Repair (SOC )... Production (SOC )... Transportation and Material Moving (SOC )... Military Specific (SOC )... Non- Classifiable (SOC )... Top 10 Job APPENDIX A: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) - Major Industry Sectors NAICS Codes, Industry Names, and Major Industry Sectors Descriptions... A- 1 APPENDIX B: Localities Comprising Virginia s Workforce Investment (WIB) Regions Locality Names and FIPS / ANSI Code Numbers... B- 1 Map of Virginia s WIB Regions... B- 4 APPENDIX C: Major Occupational Groups SOC Codes, Occupational Groups, and Example Occupations... C- 1 continued

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued APPENDIX D: Survey and Related Documents Page Number Summary... D- 1 Survey Front... D- 2 Survey Back... D- 3 Invitation Letter... D- 4 Variations to the Invitation Letter... D- 5 Reminder Postcard... D- 10 Variations to the Reminder Postcard... D- 11 Second Reminder Letter... D- 12 Variations to the Second Reminder Letter... D- 13 APPENDIX E: Survey Response Rates by Major Industry Sectors, Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions, and Employer Size Categories Major Industry Sectors... E- 1 WIB Regions... E- 4 Employer Size Categories... E- 6 APPENDIX F: Survey Sampling Errors by Major Industry Sectors, Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions, and Employer Size Categories Major Industry Sectors... F- 1 WIB Regions... F- 3 Employer Size Categories... F- 5 continued

8 Appendix G: TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued Data Summaries by Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions Page Number WIB I: Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board... G- 1 WIB II: New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board... G- 3 WIB III: Western Virginia Workforce Development Board... G- 5 WIB IV: Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board... G- 7 WIB VI: Piedmont Workforce Network... G- 9 WIB VII: Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership... G- 11 WIB VIII: South Central Workforce Investment Board... G- 13 WIB IX: Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership... G- 15 WIB XI: Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System... G- 17 WIB XII: Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board... G- 19 WIB XIII: Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board... G- 21 WIB XIV: Peninsula Council for Workforce Development... G- 23 WIB XV: Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group... G- 25 WIB XVI: Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board... G- 27 WIB XVII: West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board... G- 29 Copyright 2012 Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia

9 TABLES AND FIGURES Page Number Table 1. Major Industry Sectors... 3 Table 2. Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions in Virginia... 4 Figure 1. Map of Virginia s WIB Regions... 5 Table 3. Employer Size Categories... 5 Table 4. Major Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System Codes... 6 Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Figure 2. Table 10. Figure 3. Table 11. Figure 4. Table 12. Expected Change in the Number of Jobs During the Next Six Months of Employers Indicating that Employees Hired in the Past 12 Months Met Their Expectations for Specific Skills of Employers Indicating that Employees Hired in the Past 12 Months Met Their Expectations for Specific Skills Omitting the Not Applicable Responses Summary of Job Vacancy Data Estimated Number of Job and Job Vacancy Rate Summary of Job Vacancy Data Type of Position, Duration of Position, and Length of Job Vacancy of Job by Length of Vacancy Summary of Job Vacancy Data Educational, Work Experience, and Certification Requirements of Job by Educational Requirements Summary of Job Vacancy Data Compensation and Benefits Provided of Job Offering Specific Fringe Benefits Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Industry Ranked by Estimated Number of Total continued

10 TABLE AND FIGURES, continued Page Number Figure 5. Table 13. Table 14. Figure 6. Table 15. Table 16. Figure 7. Table 17. Figure 8. Table 18. Table 19. Figure 9. Table 20. Table 21. of Total Job by Industry Job Vacancy Data by Industry Statewide Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by WIB Region Ranked by Estimated Number of Total of Total Job by WIB Region Job Vacancy Data by WIB Region Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Summary of Job Vacancy Data Average Hourly Equivalent Wage by WIB Region Job Vacancy Rate and Average Hourly Wage Equivalent Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Employer Size Category Ranked by Estimated Number of Total of Total Job by Employer Size Job Vacancy Data by Employer Size Category - Statewide Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Occupational Group Ranked by Estimated Number of Total of Total Job by Occupational Group Job Vacancy Data by Occupation Statewide Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Top 10 Job Ranked by Estimated Number of continued

11 TABLE AND FIGURES, continued Page Number Table A- 1. Figure B- 1. Table C- 1. Table E- 1. Table E- 2. Table E- 3. Table E- 4. Table E- 5. Table E- 6. Table F- 1. Table F- 2. Table F- 3. Table F- 4. Table F- 5. Major Industry Sector Descriptions... A- 1 Map of Virginia s WIB Regions... B- 4 Major Occupational Groups - Example Occupations... C- 1 Response Rates by Major Industry Sectors Arranged by NAICS Code Number... E- 1 Response Rates by Major Industry Sectors Ranked by Response Rate... E- 3 Response Rates by Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions Arranged by WIB Number... E- 4 Response Rates by Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions Ranked by Response Rate... E- 5 Response Rates by Employer Size Category Arranged by Employer Size Category Number... E- 7 Response Rates by Employer Size Category Ranked by Response Rate... E- 7 Estimated Sampling Error by Industry Arranged by NAICS Code Number... F- 1 Estimated Sampling Error by Industry Ranked by Sampling Error... F- 2 Estimated Sampling Error by WIB Region Arranged by WIB Number... F- 4 Estimated Sampling Error by WIB Region Ranked by Sampling Error... F- 5 Estimated Sampling Error by Employer Size Category Arranged by Employer Size Category Number... F- 6 continued

12 TABLE AND FIGURES, continued Page Number Table F- 6. Table G- 1. Table G- 2. Table G- 3. Table G- 4. Table G- 5. Table G- 6. Table G- 7. Table G- 8. Table G- 9. Table G- 10. Table G- 11. Table G- 12. Table G- 13. Estimated Sampling Error by Employer Size Category Ranked by Sampling Error... F- 6 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB I Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 1 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB II Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 3 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB III Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 5 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB IV Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 7 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VI Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 9 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 11 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VIII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 13 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB IX Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 15 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XI Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 17 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 19 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XIII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 21 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XIV Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 23 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XV Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 25 continued

13 TABLE AND FIGURES, continued Page Number Table G- 14. Table G- 15. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XVI Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 27 Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XVII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job... G- 29

14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Overview The Virginia Employment Commission partnered with Virginia Commonwealth University to develop and administer a Job Vacancy Survey for the Commonwealth. The objectives of this study were as follows: to determine number, type, and location of job vacancies; to learn about the wages, salaries, and benefits associated with these jobs; and to understand the minimum job requirements (including education, previous work experience, and licenses or certifications). It is anticipated that this information will have multiple uses and will assist many types of users, including state agencies, higher education institutions (especially community colleges), employers, and even individual job seekers. Some uses of these data include the following: Provide insight into the labor needs and skill shortages in key regions across Virginia; Allow for the comparison of employment benefits and compensation within and across industries and occupations; Assist with the development of job training and other workforce programs; and Identify industries and occupations that are most likely to have job openings. Using data from a sample of 7,956 establishments, a total of 63,070 job vacancies in Virginia were estimated across all selected industry sectors during the eight- month survey period from September 2011 through April Survey Sample Over 18,700 establishments across Virginia were asked to participate in this research by completing the survey questions. This sample was selected from among all Virginia establishments covered by Virginia s unemployment insurance tax laws. It was representative of Virginia s fifteen (15) Workforce Investment Board (WIB) regions, the twenty Page i

15 (20) major NAICS industry sectors, and six (6) employer size categories. Surveys were sent out in batches across the eight- month period from September 2011 through April A total of 7,956 establishments responded. The analysis presented in this report was based on these survey results. Key Findings Ø A majority of respondents expected no change in employment during the next six months Respondents were asked to indicate their expectations about the change in the number of jobs at the job site during the next six months. Two- thirds (68 percent) of respondents said that they expected the number of jobs at the establishment to Stay the Same, 10 percent expected an increase in employment, and 7 percent expected a decrease. An additional 13 percent answered that they did not know how the number of jobs would change over the next six months. Ø Employees hired during the past twelve months strongly met employer expectations for key skills Sixty- nine (69) percent of respondents indicated that employees had been hired during the past twelve months for the job site referenced on the survey. These respondents were further asked to indicate whether their new hires had met their expectations with respect to skills in oral and written communications, math, problem solving, information technology, and leadership ability. Considering only those respondents for which the particular skill was applicable (i.e., they did not respond with not applicable ), 93 percent of employers said that new hires met their expectations for oral communication, 90 percent with written communication, 88 percent for math skills, 82 percent on problem solving, 85 percent for information technology, and 76 percent with leadership ability. Page ii

16 Ø Statewide, the job vacancy rate was 1.7 percent for every 100 jobs, there were 1.7 job vacancies Of the 7,956 surveys that were returned, 43 percent gave details about at least one job vacancy. Using these responses, it was estimated that there were 63,070 total job vacancies in Virginia during the survey period September 2011 through April Combining this information with an estimate of total annual employment in Virginia (almost 3.58 million during 2011) resulted in a job vacancy rate of 1.73 percent. At the regional level, the highest job vacancy rates were in Southwest Virginia (2.6 percent), the Capital Region (2.2 percent), Western Virginia (2.2 percent), and New River / Mount Rogers (2.2 percent). The lowest job vacancy rates were in the Bay Consortium region (1.2 percent) and the Shenandoah Valley (1.5 percent). Ø Over two- thirds of the job vacancies were for full time positions and most vacancies were permanent jobs When looking at the type of positions that were available, 68 percent of the vacancies were for full- time positions and 90 percent were for permanent positions (i.e., not temporary or seasonal jobs). Ø Half of the vacancies had been open for less than 30 days At the time the employers were surveyed, about half (54 percent) of the vacancies had been open for less than 30 days. An additional 19 percent had been open 30 to 59 days and 21 percent had been open for 60 days or more. Ø Over three- fourths of job vacancies required education above the high school level. One- third of vacancies required a college degree Respondents were asked to indicate the level of education typically required for their job vacancies. Eighty (80) percent of the vacancies required more than a high school degree or GED. Thirty- three (33) percent of vacancies required a college degree i.e., an associate s degree (6 percent), a bachelor s degree (22 percent), or an advanced degree (6 percent). Eighteen (18) percent of the vacancies had no educational requirements. Page iii

17 Ø Three- fourths of job vacancies required related work experience When asked about previous work experience required for a job vacancy, three- fourths (75 percent) of respondents indicated that the vacancy required related work experience. An additional 5 percent answered that unrelated work experience was required, and 19 percent indicated that no previous work experience was necessary. Ø Almost one- third of all vacancies required some sort of formal licensing or certification, though the type of license required is not known Thirty- one (31) percent of the job vacancies had some requirement for a license or certification. Because the respondents were not asked to explain the type of license or certification that was needed for the job, though, the requirements may range from specialized licenses (such as a tradesman s license for an electrician) to more common licenses (such as a valid driver s license). Ø Most full- time vacancies, and some part- time vacancies, offered benefits to employees Eighty- two (82) percent of full- time vacancies provided health insurance, 82 percent provided paid sick leave or paid vacation, and 71 percent provided retirement savings or a pension. In comparison 16 percent of part- time vacancies provided health insurance, 14 percent provided paid sick leave or paid vacation, and 10 percent provided retirement savings or a pension. Ø Over half of all job vacancies were in five major industry sectors: Health Care and Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, Public Administration, and Accommodation and Food Services Ranked by the number of job vacancies, five of the twenty major industry sectors represented 58 percent of all job vacancies. These five industries were as follows: Health Care and Social Assistance (14.8 percent of vacancies), Retail Trade (11.8 percent), Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (11.6 percent), Public Administration (9.8 percent), and Accommodation and Food Services (9.7 percent). Page iv

18 Ø Over half of Virginia s estimated job vacancies were in only three of the Workforce Investment Board (WIB) regions During the survey period, 54 percent of job vacancies were located in three of Virginia s fifteen WIB regions. These areas were Northern Virginia - WIB XI (24 percent of total vacancies), Capitol Region - WIB IX (18 percent), and Hampton Roads - WIB XVI (12 percent). Ø The largest percentages of job vacancies were at mid- sized establishments (25 to 99 and 100 to 499 employees) Fifty- nine (59) percent of vacancies were at mid- sized establishments. This included sites that had 25 to 99 employees (37 percent of vacancies) and sites that had 100 to 499 employees (23 percent of vacancies). Ø Seven of the major occupational groups accounted for almost one- third of total job vacancies: Office and Administrative Support, Sales and Related, Food Preparation and Serving Related, Management, Transportation and Material Moving, Production, and Healthcare Practitioners and Technical. Almost one- third (31 percent) of total job vacancies were classified within 7 of the major occupational groups. (This analysis used a total of 23 occupational groups, which excluded Military Specific Occupations, but included Non- Classifiable occupations.) These groups were as follows: Office and Administrative Support (12 percent), Sales and Related (10 percent), Food Preparation and Serving Related (8 percent), Management (7 percent), Transportation and Material Moving (6 percent), Production (6 percent), and Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (5 percent). Page v

19 INTRODUCTION TION The Virginia Employment Commission s (VEC) Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis partnered with the L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) to design and implement a Job Vacancy Survey for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Two research divisions of the Wilder School were involved in the project the Virginia Center for Urban Development (VCUD) and the Survey and Evaluation Research Laboratory (SERL). This report presents findings from the survey of Virginia employers and the analysis of job vacancies. Over 18,700 employers from across Virginia were asked to participate in this research by completing the survey questions. This sample was selected from among all Virginia establishments covered by Virginia s unemployment insurance tax laws and was representative of each of the following: Virginia s fifteen (15) Workforce Investment Board (WIB) regions, the twenty (20) major industry sectors, and six (6) employer size categories (i.e., number of employees). The survey was administered from September 2011 through April A total of 7,956 surveys were returned by mail, fax, and online, resulting in final response rate of 44 percent. Responses were weighted in order to estimate the number and type of job vacancies. Using data from this sample, a total of 63,070 job vacancies in Virginia were estimated across all selected industry sectors. These estimated vacancies are based on a point in time snapshot that occurred when the respondents completed their surveys. Employers were asked to provide the number of vacancies (both full- time and part- time) at a specific location and also the following details for each job title in which they had vacancies: Number of full- time and part- time vacancies with that job title; Number of vacancies that were seasonal or temporary; continued Page 1

20 Amount of time that the employer has been trying to fill the vacancies (if multiple vacancies, amount of time for the oldest vacancy); Level of education typically required for the job; Level of work experience typically required; Expected wage or salary paid to both full- time and part- time employees with this job title; Type of benefits offered to full- time and part- time employees; and Requirement of a license or certification to hold the position. The Job Vacancy Survey provides information that is beneficial to many users: state agencies, higher education institutions (especially community colleges), employers, and even individual job seekers. Some uses of these data are listed below: Provide insight into the labor needs and skill shortages in key regions across Virginia; Allow for the comparison of employment benefits and compensation within and across industries and occupations; Assist with the development of job training and other workforce programs; and Identify industries and occupations that are most likely to have job openings. This project was initiated under the leadership of Mr. Donald Lillywhite, Director of the VEC s Economic Information Services (EIS) Division, and Mr. David Tysinger, Economist, EIS Labor Market and Demographic Analysis. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Categories for the Analysis Data for this study were examined by the following four categories: major industry sectors (2- digit NAICS code), Workforce Investment Board (WIB) region, occupation (SOC codes), and employer size (number of employees). These categories are discussed in the sections that follow. Additional details are provided below and in Appendix A (Major Industries), Appendix B (WIB regions), and Appendix C (Occupational groups) Page 2

21 Industry Sectors Industries are classified using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The NAICS system was developed through collaboration among the statistical agencies of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, and was first released in This system provides the basis for classifying businesses by industry and collecting data on the economic activity in these industries. Under the NAICS system, establishments that use the same or similar processes to produce goods or services are combined and assigned a unique classification number the NAICS code. 1 Economic data including the level of employment, wages and salaries paid to employees, and the number of firms in these industries are compiled and reported for a specific sector using its NAICS code. Table 1 lists the twenty major industry groups and their corresponding 2- digit NAICS codes. NAICS Code Industry Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Table 1. Major Industry Sectors NAICS Code Utilities Construction 56 Industry Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative / Support and Waste Management Services Manufacturing 61 Educational Services 42 Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation and Warehousing Information 81 Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Accommodation and Food Services Other Services (except Public Administration) 52 Finance and Insurance 92 Public Administration Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1 Development of NAICS. U.S. Census Bureau website. Page 3

22 Workforce Investment Board Regions There are fifteen Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions within the Commonwealth of Virginia. 2 The names of each WIB, and a map of Virginia detailing the location of each WIB, are shown below. A detailed list of the localities (counties and independent cities) that comprise each WIB is presented in Appendix A. Table 2. Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions in Virginia WIB Number I II III IV WIB Name Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board Western Virginia Workforce Development Board Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board WIB Number XI XII XIII XIV VI Piedmont Workforce Network XV VII VIII IX Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership South Central Workforce Investment Board Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership Source: Virginia Employment Commission XVI XVII WIB Name Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board Peninsula Council for Workforce Development Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board 2 The localities originally represented by WIB V ( Northern Shenandoah Valley ) and WIB X ( City of Richmond ) are included in WIB IV ( Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board ) and WIB IX ( Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership ), respectively. Page 4

23 Figure 1. Map of Virginia s WIB Regions Source: Virginia Center for Urban Development at VCU. Map prepared using ArcGIS. Employer Size Categories For this research, six employer size categories were defined, based on the number of employees (both full- time and part- time) working at the establishment. These categories are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Employer Size Categories Category Number Employer Size Categories (Number of Employees) 1 1 to 9 employees 2 10 to 24 employees 3 25 to 99 employees to 499 employees to 999 employees or more employees Page 5

24 Occupational Classification Codes The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics combines occupations into twenty- three major Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System codes, as displayed in Table 4. Table 4. Major Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System Codes SOC Code Occupational Group SOC Code Management Occupations Business and Financial Operations Occupations Computer and Mathematical Occupations Architecture and Engineering Occupations Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations Community and Social Services Occupations Legal Occupations Education, Training, and Library Occupations Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations Healthcare Support Occupations Occupational Group Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations Personal Care and Service Occupations Sales and Related Occupations Office and Administrative Support Occupations Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Construction and Extraction Occupations Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations Production Occupations Transportation and Material Moving Occupations Military Specific Occupations Protective Service Occupations Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Job Vacancy Survey The VCU research team developed and implemented the Job Vacancy Survey with a sample of employers in Virginia. The VEC provided detailed employment information to the VCU research team for all establishments covered by Virginia s unemployment insurance tax laws. Data for these employers are measured quarterly by the VEC s Page 6

25 Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. selecting the survey sample were from 3rd Quarter 2010 QCEW records. The QCEW data included the following information: Employer name; Physical address; Mailing address for unemployment insurance filings (UI address); Number of employees at the physical location; Employer s industry classification code (NAICS code); The data used when Locality code indicating the Virginia city or county where the job site is located (ANSI / FIPS code); and Ownership code (i.e., private, local government, state government, or Federal government). Developing the Sample QCEW data indicated 218,672 establishments in Virginia during 3rd Quarter 2010 (the source data for the contact information). The sample was stratified by major industry sector (2- digit NAICS code), WIB region, and employer size category (number of employees). Because of this, any establishments in the population for which one or more of these elements was not available was omitted prior to the sample selection. This included the following businesses: Companies with zero (0) employees reported during the third month in the 3 rd Quarter 2010 were omitted from the population. Ø There were 28,097 establishments that met this criterion. Companies with a FIPS code greater than or equal to 900 were omitted from the dataset. Codes of 900 and above do not represent specific localities and, as such, it was not possible to tell where the site was located or to assign the company to a particular WIB region. 3 Ø There were a total of 11,398 establishments that met this criterion. 3 FIPS 900 = Multi Master Account, i.e., the sum for all units in a multi- unit group; FIPS 995 = Multi County Locations ; FIPS 996 = Foreign Country Work Location ; FIPS 998 = Out of State Work Location ; and FIPS 999 = Work Location Unknown. Page 7

26 Companies with a NAICS code equal to were omitted from the dataset. This code indicates that the industry is unclassified and it was not possible to assign the firm to a particular industry group. Ø There were a total of 2,001 establishments that met this criterion. Some establishments met more than one of these criteria and the totals presented above contain certain businesses more than once. A total of 36,276 unique establishments were omitted from the population data for this project. The adjusted population size was 182,396 establishments. A sample of 18,799 establishments from across Virginia, approximately ten percent of this population, was selected to receive the survey. After the sample had been chosen, one category of establishments that were not applicable was also removed. These were 2010 Census Intermittent Workers. While these jobs existed in 2010 (i.e., the source data year), they are not applicable for years in between the decennial Census. As a result, five additional establishments were removed from the sample resulting in a final sample size of 18,794 establishments. Survey Implementation The VCU research team designed and implemented a mail survey for this project. The surveys were sent out in batches across an eight- month period, from September 2011 through April Each batch was distributed using a three wave mailing with the following components: 1) Initial mailing: The invitation letter was written from Mr. Donald Lillywhite, Director of the VEC s Labor Market Information Division, and was printed using the VEC letterhead and VEC envelopes. A paper survey was included, along with a postage- paid envelope to return the survey. Respondents were also given an online reply option using the website Each survey had a unique identification code that could be used to access the questions online. 2) Reminder postcard: The postcard served as a thank you for everyone who had already responded to the survey and as a way of asking others to please return their survey. It was sent approximately three to four weeks Page 8

27 after the initial mailing. The survey website was provided on the postcard, as a reminder of the online reply option. 3) Second letter: The second letter was sent to anyone who had not replied within approximately six weeks after the initial mailing. This mailing made another request for the potential respondent to complete the survey. Another survey and a postage- paid reply envelope were also included. The second letter was also written from Mr. Lillywhite and was printed on VEC stationery. The survey questions and examples of the three mailings used for this project are included in Appendix D. Response Rate Of the 18,794 establishments in the sample, 916 were omitted from the analysis for one of the following reasons: the survey came back with an invalid address, a response was received that the employer had closed or no longer had operations in Virginia, or a potential respondent refused to participate. The modified sample size was 17,878. A total of 7,956 surveys were returned by mail, fax, and online, resulting in a response rate of 44.5 percent. (See Appendix E for a comparison of response rates across the major industry sectors, WIB regions, and employer size categories.) Using data from the sample, a total of 63,070 job vacancies in Virginia were estimated across all selected industry sectors during the eight- month period from September 2011 through April Sampling Error The statewide sample of 7,956 is subject to a sampling error of plus or minus 1.1 percentage points at the 95 percent level of confidence. This means that in 95 out of 100 samples like the one used here, the results obtained should be no more than 1.1 percentage points above or below the figure that would be obtained by interviewing all Virginia employers. Where the answers of subgroups are reported, the sampling error would be higher. (See Appendix F for estimated sampling errors for each industry sector, WIB region, and employer size category.) Page 9

28 Caveats Survey Measurement Errors: Information presented in this report relies on data collected from a sample of Virginia employers. There is a certain degree of sampling error that exists simply because the full population is not being surveyed. Also, due to non- response (refusals to participate, etc.), standard calculations of sampling error may understate the actual extent to which survey results are at variance with the true population values. It is important to note that surveys are also subject to errors from sources other than sampling. While every effort is made to identify such errors, they are often difficult or impossible to measure. Job Vacancy Estimates: Job Vacancy data are intended to be general indicators of occupational demand. They should not be interpreted as an exact number or exact distribution of actual vacancies. Many factors can influence the number and type of job vacancies that exist at any given time including the opening or closing of job sites and the movement of current or potential employees in or out of a particular geographic area. SURVEY RESULTS Using data from the, the number and type of job vacancies was estimated for each major industry sectors, WIB region, employer size categories, and major occupational group. (When the Number of Cases is shown as part of a table in this report, it represents the un- weighted number of cases from the sample that was used to estimate the particular value or percentage.) Summary of Job Vacancy Data Expectations about Short- run Changes in Employment Respondents were asked to indicate their expectations about the change in the number of jobs at the specific site during the next six months. Table 5 shows that two- thirds (68 percent) said that they expected the number of jobs to Stay the Same (see Table 5). Ten (10) percent had positive expectations and said that the number of jobs would either Definitely Increase (2 percent) or Probably Increase (8 percent). In Page 10

29 comparison, 7 percent indicated that the number of jobs would either Probably Decrease (6 percent) or Definitely Decrease (1 percent). An additional 13 percent of respondents answered that they did not know how the number of jobs would change over the next six months. Table 5. Expected Change in the Number of Jobs During the Next Six Months Number of Jobs will Definitely Increase Number of Jobs will Probably Increase Number of Jobs will Stay the Same Number of Jobs will Probably Decrease Number of Jobs will Definitely Decrease Do Not Know No Response 2.1% 8.1% 67.5% 6.0% 1.3% 13.4% 1.6% Total 100.0% Number of Cases 7,850 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Employees Hired During Past Twelve Months Survey respondents were asked whether employees had been hired for the specific location during the past twelve months. Sixty- nine (69) percent of respondents indicated that employees had been hired during this time frame, while 31 percent said that no employees had been hired. Degree to Which New Employees Have Met Expectations For those respondents who indicated that new employees had been hired for the specific site during the past twelve months, additional information was collected as to whether these new employees had met the employer s expectations for the skills listed on the next page: Page 11

30 Oral communication Written communication Math skills Problem solving Information technology Leadership ability Table 6 shows the percent of respondents who said that these new employees had met their expectations. The answer options presented to respondents were Yes, No, and Not Applicable. For employees hired in the past twelve months, 87 percent of respondents indicated that their expectations had been met with respect to oral communication skills, 72 percent with respect to written communication, 64 percent for math skills, 70 percent for problem solving, 57 percent with respect to information technology, and 52 percent for leadership ability (Table 6). Table 6. of Employers Indicating that Employees Hired in the Past 12 Months Met Their Expectations for Specific Skills Skill Yes (Did meet expectations) No (Did not meet expectations) Not Applicable No Answer Total* Number of Cases Oral communication 86.9% 5.8% 6.4% 0.9% 100.0% 5,442 Written communication 71.9% 6.7% 19.7% 1.7% 100.0% 5,412 Math skills 63.9% 6.7% 27.6% 1.7% 100.0% 5,403 Problem solving 69.7% 13.6% 14.7% 1.9% 100.0% 5,396 Information technology 56.5% 8.3% 33.2% 2.0% 100.0% 5,411 Leadership ability 52.1% 14.6% 31.3% 2.0% 100.0% 5,397 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * Note: Due to rounding, the sum of responses for some skills is not equal to 100 percent. Another way of considering these data is to examine the degree to which new employees met expectations for employers but only for those employers for which a Page 12

31 specific skill was applicable. Data in Table 7 focus on the percent of employers who said that new employees had (or had not) met their expectations for the particular skill, and who also did not choose Not Applicable as a response (for that particular skill). When considering only those respondents who which a particular skill was applicable (Table 7), 93 percent of employers said that new hires met their expectations for oral communication, 90 percent with written communication, 88 percent for math skills, 82 percent on problem solving, 85 percent for information technology, and 76 percent with leadership ability. Table 7. of Employers Indicating that Employees Hired in the Past 12 Months Met Their Expectations for Specific Skills Omitting the Not Applicable Responses Skill Yes (Did meet expectations) No (Did not meet expectations) No Answer Total* Number of Cases Oral communication 92.8% 6.2% 1.0% 100.0% 5,103 Written communication 89.5% 8.3% 2.2% 100.0% 4,321 Math skills 88.3% 9.3% 2.4% 100.0% 3,825 Problem solving 81.7% 16.0% 2.3% 100.0% 4,561 Information technology 84.5% 12.5% 3.0% 100.0% 3,541 Leadership ability 75.8% 21.3% 2.9% 100.0% 3,553 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * Note: Due to rounding, the sum of responses for some skills is not equal to 100 percent. Estimated Number of Job and Job Vacancy Rate From the 7,956 surveys that were returned, 3,420 respondents (43 percent) gave details about at least one job vacancy. There were an un- weighted 8,478 job vacancies (including both full- time and part- time) reported by respondents. After weighting the survey data, it was estimated that there were 63,070 job vacancies in Virginia during the survey period September 2011 through April Page 13

32 Total annual employment in Virginia, during 2011, was estimated by the Virginia Employment Commission to be 3,578, Based on these values, the overall job vacancy rate which measures job vacancies as a percent of total jobs (employment in the occupation plus vacancies) was 1.7 percent (Table 8). 5 Table 8. Summary of Job Vacancy Data Estimated Number of Job and Job Vacancy Rate Estimated Number of Job Total Employment (Annual 2011) Job Vacancy Rate 63,070 3,578, % Sources:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Annual 2011 Employment Totals are from the Virginia Employment Commission Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. Type of Positions and Duration of Job When examining the type of positions that were available, 68 percent of the vacancies were for full- time positions and 32 percent were for part- time positions (see Table 9). Most of the vacancies (90 percent) were permanent jobs, though 10 percent were for temporary or seasonal jobs. At the time the employers were surveyed, about half (54 percent) of the vacancies had been open for less than 30 days (Table 9 and Figure 2). 4 Annual 2011 Employment Totals are from the Virginia Employment Commission Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. 5 The method for computing the Job Vacancy Rate used for this study corresponds with the approach used by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for its Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program. Job Vacancy Rate is computed as job vacancies divided by the sum of employment plus vacancies. Some job vacancy studies use a slightly different definition i.e., job vacancies divided only by employment. Page 14

33 Table 9. Summary of Job Vacancy Data Type of Position, Duration of Position, and Length of Job Vacancy of Number of Cases Type of Position Full- Time Positions 67.8% 2,679 Part- Time Positions 32.2% 858 Duration of Position Permanent Positions 89.9% 2,930 Temporary or Seasonal Positions 10.1% 2,930 Length of Job Vacancy Vacancy Open Under 30 days 53.8% 3,216 Vacancy Open 30 to 59 days 19.0% 3,216 Vacancy Open 60 days or more 21.2% 3,216 No Response 6.0% 3,216 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page 15

34 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Educational, Work Experience, and Certification Requirements Jobs often have requirements about the minimum education level and amount of work experience that they require. Some positions also require a license or other certification. As shown in Table 10, data from the survey of Virginia employers indicated that almost half (48 percent) of vacancies required formal education beyond high school level and three- fourths (75 percent) required work experience related to the job. Thirty- one (31) percent required a license or formal certification. (The type of license or certification was not obtained from respondents. The requirement could range from specialized licenses, such as a tradesman s license for an electrician, to more common licenses, such as a valid driver s license.) Page 16

35 Table 10. Summary of Job Vacancy Data Educational, Work Experience, and Certification Requirements of Number of Cases Educational Requirements No Educational Requirement 18.2% 3,261 Requires High School Diploma / GED 31.4% 3,261 Requires Some College 7.6% 3,261 Requires Vocational Training 8.0% 3,261 Requires Associate s Degree 5.5% 3,261 Requires Bachelor s Degree 21.5% 3,261 Requires Advanced Degree 5.9% 3,261 Level of Work Experience Required No Experience Required 18.5% 3,271 Requires Unrelated Work Experience 4.9% 3,271 Requires Related Work Experience 75.2% 3,271 Requires License or Certification 31.3% 3,193 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page 17

36 Figure 3. of Job by Educational Requirements Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Compensation Provided Respondents were asked about the expected wage or salary for each of the job vacancies for which they provided details. Both the dollar amount of pay and the pay frequency i.e., hourly, monthly, or annually were requested. Information was also provided about general categories of benefits offered with a particular job vacancy. These results from these questions are summarized in Table 11 and discussed below. Page 18

37 Wages and Salaries Using data from respondents who provided both a salary amount and a pay frequency, the following average wages and salaries were estimated for full- time job vacancies: $14.34 per hour (average) for jobs that received an hourly wage; $3,802 per month (average) for jobs that received a monthly salary; and $55,102 per year (average) for jobs that received an annual salary. To provide a better comparison across the pay frequencies, the wage and salary data for full- time job vacancies were converted to an hourly equivalent rate. Wages for jobs that received an hourly wage were kept in an hourly amount. For jobs that received an annual salary, it was assumed that the employee would work a standard 2,080 hours per year. Therefore, the hourly equivalent amount was computed by dividing the annual salary by 2,080. For jobs that received a monthly salary, it was not known how many months or hours would be worked each year. Because of this, job vacancies with monthly salaries were not included in the calculation of an hourly equivalent rate. It was estimated that full- time vacancies paid an average of $20.45 per hour. In comparison, part- time job vacancies paid the following wages and salaries: $10.71 per hour for jobs that paid an hourly wage; $1,620 per month for jobs that paid a monthly salary; and $14,514 per year for jobs that paid an annual salary. The hourly equivalent rate for part- time vacancies only used jobs that paid an hourly wage. For these jobs, the hourly rate was known. For part- time jobs that paid a monthly or annual salary, however, it was not clear how many hours would be worked during a year. As such, these pay data were not used in the calculation of an hourly equivalent amount. It was estimated that part- time vacancies paid an average of $10.71 per hour. Combining both full- time and part- time jobs, the average hourly equivalent was estimated to be $17.25 per hour. Page 19

38 Benefits As shown in Table 11 and Figure 4, 82 percent of full- time vacancies provided health insurance, 82 percent provided paid sick leave or paid vacation, and 71 percent provided retirement savings or a pension. Eleven (11) percent of the vacancies for full- time positions provided no benefits. Over half (61 percent) of part- time vacancies provided no fringe benefits. Sixteen (16) percent provided health insurance, 14 percent provided paid sick leave or paid vacation, and 10 percent provided retirement savings or a pension. Table 11. Summary of Job Vacancy Data Compensation and Benefits Provided Full- Time Part- Time Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Expected Wage or Salary / Pay Frequency Paid at an Hourly Rate (average) Paid at a Monthly Rate (average) $14.34 per hour $3,802 per month $10.71 per hour $1,620 per month Paid at an Annual Rate (average) $55,102 per year $14,514 per year 1, Benefits Offered Health Insurance 82.4% 15.8% 2, Paid Sick Leave or Paid Vacation 81.7% 14.3% 2, Retirement Savings / Pension 70.6% 10.0% 2, No Benefits 11.0% 60.5% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page 20

39 Figure 4. of Job Offering Specific Fringe Benefits Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Job by Industry As shown in Table 12, the largest numbers of estimated job vacancies were in the following industries: Health Care and Social Assistance 9,324 vacancies, 15 percent of all vacancies; Retail Trade 7,416 vacancies, 12 percent of total; Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 7,285 vacancies, 12 percent of total vacancies; Public Administration 6,199 vacancies, 10 percent of total; and Accommodation and Food Services 6,121 vacancies, 10 percent of total. This table includes estimates for the number of full- time and part- time vacancies within each industry sector. (Data are shown in descending order by the estimated number of total vacancies.) Page 21

40 Table 12. Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Industry Ranked by Estimated Number of Total NAICS Code 62 Industry* Health Care and Social Assistance Estimated Number of Full- Time Estimated Number of Part- Time Estimated Number of Total of Total Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Number of Cases (Total ) 4,969 4,355 9, % Retail Trade 3,731 3,685 7, % Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 6,028 1,257 7, % Public Administration 5, , % Accommodation and Food Services 1,758 4,362 6, % Manufacturing 3, , % Other Services (except Public Administration) 2, , % Construction 2, , % Administrative / Support and Waste Management Services 1,712 1,030 2, % Wholesale Trade 2, , % Transportation and Warehousing Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 1, , % ,697 2, % Educational Services , % Information 1, , % Finance and Insurance 1, , % Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Management of Companies and Enterprises % % continued Page 22

41 Figure 5 of Total Job by Industry Table 12 continues here Table 12. Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Industry, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Total NAICS Code 53 Industry* Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Estimated Number of Full- Time Estimated Number of Part- Time Estimated Number of Total of Total Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Number of Cases (Total ) % Utilities % Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting % Total All Industries* 42,781 20,289 63, % 2, ,537 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * Note: Due to rounding, the sum of Full- time plus Part- time estimated vacancies may not equal to the Total of estimated vacancies. Also, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industry values. Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page 23

42 The following sections provide detailed information about the vacancies in each major industry group, including the percent part- time, percent temporary or seasonal, percent requiring education beyond high school or a GED, and the percent requiring related work experience. This text summarizes the details shown in Table 13. Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11) The Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting industry had an estimated 94 job vacancies (the smallest of all major industry sectors) and the lowest job vacancy rate (0.8 percent) among the major industry sectors. Almost all of the jobs were full- time positions (only 5 percent were part- time), though almost half (49 percent) were temporary or seasonal jobs. Twenty- six (26) percent of the job vacancies in this industry required education beyond a high school diploma / GED and 85 percent required related work experience. Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS 21) Virginia s smallest industry sector in terms of total employment (9,054 jobs in 2011), Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction had one of the lowest levels of job vacancies (799 vacancies) but the highest job vacancy rate (8.1 percent). All of the job openings in this sector were full- time, permanent positions. The job openings required related work experience (99 percent), but not high levels of education (only 3 percent required post- secondary education). Utilities (NAICS 22) The Utilities industry had the second smallest number of job vacancies (468 vacancies) of the major industry sectors. Its Job Vacancy Rate was 2.5 percent. Openings in this industry were almost entirely full- time (5 percent part- time) permanent (3 percent temporary/seasonal) positions. Almost three- quarters (72 percent) of the vacancies required no more than a high school education and 80 percent required related work experience. Construction (NAICS 23) During the survey period, there were an estimated 2,849 job vacancies (Job Vacancy Rate of 1.5 percent) in Construction. Eleven percent of these vacancies were part- time positions and only 2 percent were temporary or seasonal Page 24

43 positions. One quarter (23 percent) required more than a high school education and over three- quarters (80 percent) required related work experience. Manufacturing (NAICS 31, 32, 33) An estimated 3,721 job vacancies were in the Manufacturing industry. This was 1.5 percent of total employment in the industry. Eight percent of the vacancies were part- time, 7 percent were temporary or seasonal, 47 percent required more than a high school education, and 78 percent required related work experience. Wholesale Trade (NAICS 42) In the Wholesale Trade sector, there were an estimated 2,634 job vacancies and the job vacancy rate was slightly above 2 percent. Only 3 percent of these vacancies were part- time and less than 1 percent were temporary jobs. Over half (55 percent) of the vacancies required more than a high school diploma / GED and 76 percent required related work experience. Retail Trade (NAICS 44 and 45) In the Retail Trade sector, there were 7,416 job vacancies 2 percent of total employment in the industry. Consistent with the nature of retail businesses, a relatively higher percentage of vacancies were temporary / seasonal (26 percent) and/or part- time positions (50 percent). Jobs in this industry tended to require less formal education. Twenty- two percent of Retail Trade job vacancies required more than high school education and 65 percent required related work experience. Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48 and 49) There were 2,591 job vacancies with a job vacancy rate of 2 percent, in the Transportation and Warehousing sector. One- third (33 percent) of the vacancies were part- time, 5 percent were temporary, 24 percent required more than high school education, and 73 percent required related work experience Page 25

44 Information (NAICS 51) In the Information sector, there were 1,447 job vacancies. The job vacancy rate was almost 2 percent. Twelve (12) percent of the vacancies were for part- time positions and less than one percent were temporary. Three- fourths required more than a high school education / GED (73 percent) and related work experience (78 percent) Finance and Insurance (NAICS 52) Job vacancies in the Finance and Insurance industry represented 1 percent of the industry s total employment (1,088 estimated vacancies and 123,643 total employment). Six (6) percent of these job vacancies were part- time, none were seasonal or temporary, 70 percent required more than high school education, and 69 percent required related work experience. Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53) In Real Estate and Rental and Leasing, there were only 662 estimated vacancies. This gave a Job Vacancy Rate of 1.3 percent. One- third (32 percent) of the job openings were part- time, none were temporary, 42 percent required some college or technical education, and 91 percent required related work experience. Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (NAICS 54) The third largest number of job vacancies was in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services industry. There were about 7,285 vacancies, giving a Job Vacancy Rate of 1.8 percent. Employers hiring for this industry were primarily looking for higher educated individuals with previous, related job experience. Eighty- three (83) percent of the vacancies required more than high school education and 90 percent required related work experience. Only 17 percent of these vacancies were part- time positions and 2 percent were seasonal or temporary. Management of Companies and Enterprises (NAICS 55) This industry had 681 job vacancies and a job vacancy rate of 1 percent. Sixteen percent of the jobs were part- time, only 1 percent were seasonal, half (51 Page 26

45 percent) required more than a high school education, and 91 percent required related work experience. Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services (NAICS 56) It was estimated that were 2,742 job vacancies in this industry (1.3 percent job vacancy rate). Thirty- eight (38) percent were part- time, 22 percent were temporary or seasonal, 25 percent required education beyond high school, and 62 percent required related work experience. Educational Services (NAICS 61) The Educational Services industry had an estimated 1,542 job vacancies and a Job Vacancy Rate of 0.4 percent. Forty- three (43) percent of the openings were for part- time positions, 12 percent were temporary or seasonal jobs, 75 percent required more than a high school education, and 77 percent required related work experience. Health Care and Social Assistance (NAICS 62) The Health Care and Social Assistance industry was Virginia s largest (in terms of total employment) during 2011, with an annual total employment of 438,099 jobs. Data collected during the survey period resulted in an estimate of 9,324 vacancies and a job vacancy rate of 2.1 percent. Almost half (47 percent) of the vacancies in this industry were part- time positions and 7 percent were temporary or seasonal jobs. Sixty- two (62) percent of the vacancies in this industry required education above high school level and three- fourths (75 percent) required related work experience. Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (NAICS 71) In the Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation sector, there were an estimated 2,062 job vacancies resulting in a Job Vacancy Rate of approximately 3.1 percent. Over three- fourths (82 percent) of the vacancies were part- time positions, 69 percent were seasonal or temporary, 30 percent required more than a high school education / GED, and 68 percent required related work experience. Page 27

46 Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72) It was estimated that the Accommodation and Food Services industry had 6,121 job vacancies; this represented 2 percent of the industry s total employment in Only 11 percent of these openings required post- secondary education, 41 percent required related job experience, and almost three- fourths (71 percent) were part- time. Other Services - except Public Administration (NAICS 81) For the Other Services sector, it was estimated that there were 3,344 job vacancies during the survey period and the Job Vacancy Rate was 2.5 percent. Twelve (12) percent of job vacancies in this industry were part- time, 2 percent were temporary, 55 percent required education above the high school level, and 90 percent required related work experience. Public Administration (NAICS 92) The Public Administration had an estimated 6,199 job vacancies and a Job Vacancy Rate of 2.5 percent. Almost all of these jobs were permanent positions (only 2 percent were temporary or seasonal) and nine- out- of- ten (89 percent) were full- time positions. Just over half (55 percent) of the jobs required at least some higher education and 86 percent required related work experience. Table 13. Job Vacancy Data by Industry Statewide Ranked by Estimated Number of Job NAICS Code Industry Health Care and Social Assistance Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 9, , % 46.7% 6.8% 61.7% 75.4% Number of Cases 519 n.a. n.a Retail Trade 7, , % 49.7% 25.8% 21.6% 65.2% Number of Cases 154 n.a. n.a Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 7, , % 17.3% 2.6% 83.0% 89.3% Number of Cases 245 n.a. n.a continued Page 28

47 Table 13 continues here NAICS Code Industry Public Administration Table 13. Job Vacancy Data by Industry Statewide, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 6, , % 11.4% 2.4% 55.2% 86.4% Number of Cases 467 n.a. n.a Accommodation and Food Services 6, , % 71.3% 11.2% 11.2% 41.3% Number of Cases 90 n.a. n.a Manufacturing 3, , % 8.0% 7.1% 46.7% 77.9% Number of Cases 390 n.a. n.a Other Services (except Public Administration) 3, , % 11.5% 1.8% 54.7% 90.1% Number of Cases 113 n.a. n.a Construction 2, , % 11.4% 2.3% 23.0% 79.7% 56 Number of Cases 122 n.a. n.a Administrative and Support and Waste Management 2, , % 37.6% 22.3% 24.6% 62.4% Services Number of Cases 93 n.a. n.a Wholesale Trade 2, , % 2.5% 0.2% 54.9% 76.1% Number of Cases 131 n.a. n.a Transportation and Warehousing 2, , % 33.3% 4.9% 24.0% 72.5% Number of Cases 208 n.a. n.a Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 2,062 65, % 82.3% 68.8% 30.1% 67.9% Number of Cases 204 n.a. n.a Educational Services 1, , % 43.4% 12.3% 74.8% 76.5% Number of Cases 378 n.a. n.a Information 1,447 79, % 12.4% 0.5% 73.0% 77.9% 52 Number of Cases 88 n.a. n.a Finance and Insurance 1, , % 5.8% 0.0% 70.2% 68.5% Number of Cases 76 n.a. n.a continued Page 29

48 Table 13 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table 13. Job Vacancy Data by Industry Statewide, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas 799 9, % 0.0% 0.1% 3.2% 98.9% Extraction Number of Cases 15 n.a. n.a Management of Companies / Enterprises , % 15.6% 0.9% 50.5% 90.6% Number of Cases 100 n.a. n.a Real Estate and Rental and Leasing , % 31.5% 0.0% 41.7% 91.1% Number of Cases 53 n.a. n.a Utilities , % 5.1% 3.3% 28.0% 80.4% 11 Number of Cases 74 n.a. n.a Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and 94 11, % 4.8% 48.7% 26.0% 84.5% Hunting Number of Cases 17 n.a. n.a Total All Industries** 63,070 3,578, % 32.2% 10.1% 48.5% 75.2% Number of Cases 3,537 n.a. n.a. 3,537 2,930 3,261 3,271 Sources:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Annual employment figures are annual 2011 values from Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. Virginia Employment Commission. * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page 30

49 Job by Workforce Investment Board Region Table 14 shows the estimated full- time, part- time, and total job vacancies, by WIB region. (Data are shown in descending order by estimated number of total vacancies.) The largest numbers of estimated job vacancies were in the following three regions: Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System (WIB XI) 14,919 vacancies, 24 percent of total estimated vacancies; Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership (WIB IX) 11,129 vacancies, 18 percent of total; and Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board (WIB XVI) 7,731 vacancies, 12 percent of total. These are also the three largest regions of Virginia, with respect to the numbers of employees. Table 14. Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by WIB Region Ranked by Estimated Number of Total WIB XI IX XVI XII XIV III VI II WIB Name Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board Peninsula Council for Workforce Development Western Virginia Workforce Development Board Piedmont Workforce Network New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board Estimated Number of Full- Time Estimated Number of Part- Time Estimated Number of Total of Total Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Number of Cases (Total ) 10,096 4,823 14, % ,718 3,411 11, % ,253 2,478 7, % , , % , , % ,822 1,594 3, % ,072 1,165 3, % , , % continued Page 31

50 Table 14 continues here Table 14. Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by WIB Region, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Total WIB IV XIII I VII XV XVII VIII WIB Name Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board South Central Workforce Investment Board Estimated Number of Full- Time Estimated Number of Part- Time Estimated Number of Total of Total Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Number of Cases (Total ) 1,838 1,220 3, % , % , , % , % , % , % % Total All WIB Regions* 42,781 20,289 63, % 2, ,537 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * Note: Due to rounding, the sum of Full- time plus Part- time estimated vacancies may not equal to the Total of estimated vacancies. Also, the Total - All WIB Regions amounts may not be equal to the sum of values for each WIB. The localities originally represented by WIB V ( Northern Shenandoah Valley ) and WIB X ( City of Richmond ) are included in WIB IV and WIB IX, respectively. Page 32

51 Figure 6. of Total Job by WIB Region I II III IV VI VII VIII IX Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board Western Virginia Workforce Development Board Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board Piedmont Workforce Network Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership South Central Workforce Investment Board Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board Peninsula Council for Workforce Development Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Number of Cases = 3,537 for Total Commonwealth University Page 33

52 Table 15 and the text below provide more information about the job vacancies in each WIB Region. Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board (WIB I) It was estimated that Southwest Virginia had 1,733 job vacancies. The Job Vacancy Rate in this area was the largest of any of the WIB regions, 2.6 percent. Eighteen (18) percent of these vacancies were for part- time positions, 5 percent were temporary/seasonal jobs, 28 percent required more than a high school education, and 79 percent required work related experience. New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board (WIB II) New River / Mount Rogers had an estimated 3,070 job vacancies during the survey period (Job Vacancy Rate of 2.2 percent). One- quarter (25 percent) of these positions were for part- time jobs, 6 percent were temporary positions, 32 percent required more than a high school diploma or GED, and half (52 percent) required related work experience. Western Virginia Workforce Development Board (WIB III) In Western Virginia, there were an estimated 3,416 job vacancies and a Job Vacancy Rate of 2.2 percent. About half (47 percent) of these positions were part- time and one- quarter (26 percent) were temporary. Forty- one (41) percent required education beyond high school and 62 percent required related work experience. Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board (WIB IV) For the Shenandoah Valley region, there were an estimated 3,057 job vacancies and a Job Vacancy Rate of 1.5 percent. Two- in- five (40 percent) of the vacancies were for part- time jobs and 6 percent were for temporary positions. One- third (33 percent) of the jobs required that the person filling the position have at least some college or vocational education and two- thirds (67 percent) required the person to have work experience in a related job. Page 34

53 Piedmont Workforce Network (WIB VI) There were an estimated 3,237 job vacancies in the Piedmont WIB during the survey period (Job Vacancy Rate = 2.1 percent). Over one- third (36 percent of these vacancies were for part- time jobs and 6 percent were temporary positions. More than half (55 percent) required the person filling the job to have education above high school and two- thirds (69 percent) required the person to have experience in a similar job. Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership (WIB VII) Region 2000 / Central Virginia was estimated to have 1,717 job vacancies and a Job Vacancy Rate of 1.7 percent. Over half (52 percent) of the vacancies were for part- time work and 8 percent were temporary / seasonal. Forty- three (43) percent of the jobs that were vacant required at least some college education (or vocational training) and 73 percent had a requirement for related work experience. South Central Workforce Investment Board (WIB VIII) The South Central WIB had 917 job vacancies (estimated) and a Job Vacancy Rate of 1.7 percent. Twenty- nine (29) percent of these vacancies were part- time positions, 12 percent were temporary, 43 percent required education above the high school level, and 63 percent required related work experience. Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership (WIB IX) The Capital Region had the second largest number of estimated job vacancies 11,129. This region tied with New River / Mouth Rogers and Western Virginia for having the second highest Job Vacancy Rate (each had rate of 2.2 percent). Thirty- one (31) percent of the vacancies in this area were for part- time jobs and 11 percent were for temporary jobs. Over half (55 percent) of the vacancies required more than a high school diploma / GED and 79 percent required that the person filling the job have previous, related work experience. Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System (WIB XI) The greatest number of job vacancies was estimated for the Northern Virginia region of the Commonwealth. There were 14,919 vacancies in that region, with a Job Vacancy Rate of 1.7 percent. In this region, almost one- third (32 percent) of Page 35

54 the vacancies were for part- time jobs and 10 percent of vacancies were for temporary or seasonal positions. Half (51 percent) of the jobs required an education above high school. For 76 percent of the vacancies, related work experience was required. Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board (WIB XII) The Job Vacancy Rate for Alexandria / Arlington was 1.6 percent and 4,385 job vacancies were estimated for that region of Virginia. Nineteen (19) percent of these vacancies were for part- time jobs, 5 percent were for temporary or seasonal jobs, 81 percent required more than high school education and 90 percent required related work experience. Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board (WIB XIII) In the Bay Consortium area, it was estimated that the Job Vacancy Rate was 1.2 percent and that there were 1,815 vacancies. Half (50 percent) of these vacancies were for part- time jobs and 19 percent were temporary positions. For education and job experience, 38 percent of the vacancies required education above high school and 64 percent required work experience in a related job. Peninsula Council for Workforce Development (WIB XIV) There were an estimated 3,664 vacancies in the Greater Peninsula region, resulting in a Job Vacancy Rate of 1.6 percent. Twenty- three (23) percent of the jobs were part- time and 11 percent were temporary / seasonal. When considering educational and work experience requirements for these vacancies, 28 percent required more than a high school education and 79 percent required related work experience. Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group (WIB XV) In the Crater Region, it was estimated that there were 1,219 job vacancies; this resulted in a Job Vacancy Rate of 1.8 percent. Thirty- eight (38) percent of the vacancies in the Crater Region were part- time and 10 percent were temporary or seasonal. An education above high school was required for just over half (54 percent) of the vacancies and related work experience was required for 81 percent. Page 36

55 Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board (WIB XVI) There were an estimated 7,731 job vacancies in the Hampton Roads region. This was the third largest number of vacancies for a WIB region, following only Northern Virginia and the Capital Region. The Job Vacancy Rate was 1.6 percent. Thirty- two (32) percent of the vacancies in this area were part- time, 8 percent were temporary, 39 percent required at least some college education or vocational training (i.e., more than high school education) and 75 percent required related work experience. West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board (WIB XVII) In the West Piedmont region, the Job Vacancy Rate was 1.6 percent and there were an estimated 1,060 vacancies. Almost one- third of these positions (31 percent) were part- time and 16 percent were temporary or seasonal jobs. Thirty- seven (37) percent of these vacancies required some college or vocational education and 73 percent required related work experience. Table 15. Job Vacancy Data by WIB Region Ranked by Estimated Number of Job WIB XI WIB Name Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 14, , % 32.3% 9.9% 51.0% 75.7% Number of Cases 550 n.a. n.a IX Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership 11, , % 30.6% 11.0% 55.3% 79.1% XVI Number of Cases 320 n.a. n.a Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads 7, , % 32.0% 8.1% 39.1% 74.6% Workforce Development Board Number of Cases 364 n.a. n.a XII Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board 4, , % 18.7% 4.8% 80.8% 90.3% Number of Cases 209 n.a. n.a continued Page 37

56 Table 15 continues here Table 15. Job Vacancy Data by WIB Region, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job WIB XIV WIB Name Peninsula Council for Workforce Development Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 3, , % 23.0% 11.3% 27.5% 79.2% Number of Cases 230 n.a. n.a III Western Virginia Workforce Development Board 3, , % 46.7% 26.3% 41.2% 61.5% Number of Cases 218 n.a. n.a VI Piedmont Workforce Network 3, , % 36.0% 6.2% 55.1% 68.5% Number of Cases 274 n.a. n.a II New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board 3, , % 24.8% 6.2% 32.3% 51.6% IV XIII I Number of Cases 238 n.a. n.a Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment 3, , % 39.9% 6.2% 32.7% 66.6% Board Number of Cases 195 n.a. n.a Bay Consortium Workforce Investment 1, , % 50.4% 19.1% 37.6% 64.3% Board Number of Cases 161 n.a. n.a Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment 1,733 65, % 18.4% 4.5% 27.8% 78.5% Board Number of Cases 171 n.a. n.a VII Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership 1,717 96, % 52.0% 8.0% 42.8% 72.5% Number of Cases 200 n.a. n.a XV Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group 1,219 68, % 37.7% 10.4% 53.6% 81.2% Number of Cases 141 n.a. n.a continued Page 38

57 Table 15 continues here Table 15. Job Vacancy Data by WIB Region, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job WIB XVII WIB Name West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 1,060 67, % 30.6% 16.2% 36.6% 73.2% VIII Number of Cases 131 n.a. n.a South Central Workforce Investment Board , % 28.8% 12.4% 42.7% 62.7% Total All WIB Regions** Number of Cases 135 n.a. n.a ,070 3,578, % 32.2% 10.1% 48.5% 75.2% Number of Cases 3,537 n.a. n.a. 3,537 2, ,271 Sources:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Annual employment figures are annual 2011 values from Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. Virginia Employment Commission. * The Job Vacancy Rate for each WIB Region was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All WIB Regions amounts may not be equal to the sum of the values for each WIB. Table 16 and Figure 7 present information about the average hourly equivalent wages for each WIB region. As shown in Table 12, the highest average hourly equivalent wages were for vacancies in WIB XII Alexandria / Arlington ($23.77 average), WIB XI Northern Virginia ($22.37), and WIB VI - Piedmont ($20.16). The lowest average hourly equivalent wages were for vacancies in WIB VII Region 2000 / Central Virginia ($11.40) and WIB XVII West Piedmont ($11.96). Figure 5 presents the average hourly equivalent wage and Job Vacancy Rate for each WIB. Page 39

58 Table 16. Summary of Job Vacancy Data Average Hourly Equivalent Wage by WIB Region WIB Region Full- Time Part- Time Total Number of Cases (Full-Time Positions) Number of Cases (Part-Time Positions) Number of Cases (Part-Time Positions) WIB I $20.53 $8.10 $ WIB II $14.67 $10.59 $ WIB III $16.56 $10.32 $ WIB IV $14.97 $8.24 $ WIB VI $23.99 $13.14 $ WIB VII $15.54 $7.80 $ WIB VIII $12.53 $10.65 $ WIB IX $20.99 $9.75 $ WIB XI $26.77 $13.34 $ WIB XII $25.18 $12.84 $ WIB XIII $15.48 $10.21 $ WIB XIV $17.51 $10.51 $ WIB XV $14.39 $9.67 $ WIB XVI $15.82 $9.48 $ WIB XVII $12.83 $9.97 $ Virginia $20.45 $10.71 $ , ,875 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page 40

59 Figure 7. Job Vacancy Rate and Average Hourly Wage Equivalent Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Job by Employer Size The estimated job vacancies by Employer Size Categories are shown in Table 17. (Data are sorted by estimated number of total vacancies.) Smaller companies, as a whole, had more job vacancies than larger companies. The largest number of vacancies was in establishments with 25 to 99 employees at the particular site 23,082 estimated vacancies, about 37 percent of total vacancies. Table 17. Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Employer Size Category Ranked by Estimated Number of Total Category Number 3 4 Number of Employees 25 to 99 Employees 100 to 499 Employees Estimated Number of Full- Time Estimated Number of Part- Time Estimated Number of Total of Total Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Number of Cases (Total ) 15,314 7,768 23, % ,182 10,751 3,561 14, % ,153 continued Page 41

60 Figure 8. of Total Job by Employer Size Table 17 continues here Table 17. Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Employer Size Category, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Total Category Number Number of Employees 10 to 24 Employees 1 to 9 Employees 500 to 999 Employees 1,000 or More Employees Total All Employer Size Categories* Estimated Number of Full- Time Estimated Number of Part- Time Estimated Number of Total of Total Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Number of Cases (Total ) 7,564 4,142 11, % ,832 3,866 10, % , , % , , % ,781 20,289 63, % 2, ,537 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * Note: Due to rounding, the sum of Full- time plus Part- time estimated vacancies may not equal to the Total of estimated vacancies. Also, the Total - All Employer Size Categories amounts may not be equal to the sum of all employer size group values. Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page 42

61 The sections below and Table 18 provide detailed data for each of the six Employer Size Categories. 1 to 9 Employees There were an estimated 10,698 job vacancies in the employer size category with 1 to 9 Employees. The Job Vacancy Rate for this group was 2.4 percent. Just over one- third (36 percent) of the vacancies were for part- time positions, 9 percent were for temporary or seasonal jobs, 52 percent required education beyond high school / GED, and 74 percent required related work experience. 10 to 24 Employees There were an estimated 11,705 job vacancies in the 10 to 24 Employees category and the Job Vacancy Rate was 2.3 percent. Thirty- five (35) percent of these vacancies were for part- time positions and 13 percent were temporary. About 45 percent of the jobs required some college or vocational education and 79 percent required work experience in a related job. 25 to 99 Employees The largest number of estimated job vacancies (23,082) was at establishments with 25 to 99 Employees. The Job Vacancy Rate was 2.5 percent. at these firms were mostly full- time (34 percent part- time) and permanent (8 percent were temporary or seasonal), and required related work experience (70 percent). Forty- four (44) percent of the jobs required education above high school level. 100 to 499 Employees Establishments with an Employer Size Category of 100 to 499 Employees had the second largest number of estimated vacancies 14,312. Twenty- five (25) percent of these vacancies were for part- time jobs and 12 percent were for temporary / seasonal positions. Over half (56 percent) of the vacancies required that the job candidates have more than a high school education. Related work experience was needed for four- out- of- five (83 percent) of the vacancies. Page 43

62 500 to 999 Employees The smallest number of job vacancies was in the category of firms with 500 to 999 Employees. There were an estimated 268,642 jobs in this group and an estimated 1,445 vacancies in that group; the vacancy rate was 0.5 percent. Almost three- quarters (72 percent) of the jobs required related work experience, 51 percent required education above high school, 7 percent were temporary or seasonal jobs, and 22 percent were part- time. 1,000 or More Employees The Job Vacancy Rate for 1,000 or More Employees was 0.3 percent and there were an estimated 1,829 vacancies during the survey period. One- third (35 percent) of these vacancies were part- time, 16 percent were temporary, 72 percent required more than a high school diploma or a GED, and 79 percent required some related work experience. Table 18. Job Vacancy Data by Employer Size Category - Statewide Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Category Number Employer Size Categories (Number of Employees) 25 to 99 Employees Estimated Number of Job Estimated Annual Employ- ment * (2011) Job Vacancy Rate** Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 23, , % 33.7% 8.1% 43.6% 70.0% Number of Cases 1,182 n.a. n.a. 1, , to 499 Employees 14, , % 24.9% 11.6% 56.4% 82.6% Number of Cases 1,153 n.a. n.a. 1, , to 24 Employees 11, , % 35.4% 12.7% 44.8% 78.5% Number of Cases 571 n.a. n.a to 9 Employees 10, , % 36.1% 9.1% 51.5% 74.0% Number of Cases 142 n.a. n.a continued Page 44

63 Table 18 continues here Table 18. Job Vacancy Data by Employer Size Category Statewide, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Category Number 6 5 Employer Size Categories (Number of Employees) 1000 or More Employees Estimated Number of Job Estimated Annual Employ- ment * (2011) Job Vacancy Rate** Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 1, , % 35.1% 16.4% 72.0% 78.7% Number of Cases 205 n.a. n.a to 999 Employees 1, , % 21.5% 7.4% 50.6% 71.6% Number of Cases 284 n.a. n.a Total All Employer Sizes*** 63,070 3,578, % 32.2% 10.1% 48.5% 75.2% Number of Cases 3,537 n.a. n.a. 3,537 2,930 3,261 3,271 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The distribution of 2011 annual employment, across the six Employer Size Categories, was estimated using the same distribution that existed for 3 rd Quarter 2010 QCEW data ** The Job Vacancy Rate for each employer size category was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, some of the Totals for All Employer Sizes are not equal to the sum of the values for each employer size group. Job by Occupational Group Respondents were asked to indicate the total number of full- time and part- time vacancies at their establishment. To make the survey more manageable for employers with large numbers of vacancies, details were requested only for up to ten (10) job titles in which there were vacancies. To link the number of job vacancies with occupational groups, the VCU research team began by taking the job titles and job descriptions that were provided by survey respondents and matching them with Standard Occupational Codes (SOC codes). In some cases, the job title and description were not specific enough to be used for proper matching. For these cases, the corresponding employment was grouped into the category of Non- Classifiable. Page 45

64 There are four levels of detail for SOC codes: Major (most broad category), Minor, Broad, and Detailed (most specific category). Using the job titles and descriptions that were provided by respondents, the VCU research team was able to make the following matches: Ø Major = 97 percent of job titles could be assigned a Major SOC Code (3 percent of job titles did not provide enough information for assigning any SOC Code) Ø Minor = 89 percent of job titles could be assigned a Minor SOC Code Ø Broad = 80 percent of job titles could be assigned a Broad SOC Code Ø Detailed = 69 percent of job titles could be assigned a Detailed SOC Code Table 19 shows the estimated full- time, part- time, and total job vacancies, by Occupational Group. The occupational groups are at the Major SOC code level. (Data are shown in descending order by estimated number of total vacancies.) numbers of estimated job vacancies were in the following occupational groups: Office and Administrative Support occupations - 7,785 vacancies, 12 percent of total estimated vacancies; Sales and Related occupations - 6,055 vacancies, 10 percent of total; Food Preparation and Serving Related occupations - 5,205 vacancies, 8 percent of total. Management occupations - 4,384 vacancies, 7 percent of total estimated vacancies; and Transportation and Material Moving occupations - 3,888 vacancies, 6 percent of total. The largest Of the estimated job vacancies, 1,040 were considered non- classifiable (just below 2 percent of total vacancies). Page 46

65 Table 19. Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Occupational Group Ranked by Estimated Number of Total SOC Code Occupational Group* Office and Administrative Support Estimated Number of Full- Time Estimated Number of Part- Time Estimated Number of Total of Total Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Number of Cases (Total ) 3,766 4,019 7, % Sales and Related 3,798 2,257 6, % Food Preparation and Serving Related 1,379 3,826 5, % Management 3, , % Transportation and Material Moving 3, , % Production 3, , % Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Construction and Extraction 1,987 1,305 3, % , , % Protective Service 2, , % Installation, Mainte- nance, and Repair 2, , % Personal Care and Service 1,282 1,301 2, % Healthcare Support 1,318 1,242 2, % Computer and Mathematical Business and Financial Operations Community and Social Services Education, Training, and Library Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance 2, , % , , % , , % , % , % Non- Classifiable , % Legal Occupations 1, , % continued Page 47

66 Table 19 continues here Table 19. Estimated Full- Time, Part- Time, and Total Job by Occupational Group, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Total SOC Code Occupational Group* Architecture and Engineering Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Life, Physical, and Social Sciences Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Estimated Number of Full- Time Estimated Number of Part- Time Estimated Number of Total of Total Number of Cases (Full-Time ) Number of Cases (Part-Time ) Number of Cases (Total ) % % % % Total All Occupations** 42,781 20,289 63, % 2, ,537 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * Military Specific occupations (SOC ) were not estimated for this study and are not shown in this table. ** Note: Due to rounding, the sum of Full- time plus Part- time estimated vacancies may not equal to the Total of estimated vacancies. Also, the Total - All Occupations amounts may not be equal to the sum of all occupational group values. Page 48

67 Figure 9. of Total Job by Occupational Group Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page 49

68 The sections below, along with the information in Table 20, provide more information about the job vacancies in each occupational group. The categories are arranged in order of SOC code number, rather than by the number of job vacancies. Management (SOC ) It was estimated that, statewide, there were 4,384 job vacancies in Management occupations. Job titles included in this group are Chief Executives, General and Operations Managers, Marketing and Sales Managers, Computer and Information Systems Managers, Purchasing Managers, and Education Administrators. Thirteen (13) percent of these vacancies were part- time positions, 10 percent were temporary, 75 percent required more than a high school education, and 96 percent required related work experience. Business and Financial Operations (SOC ) For Business and Financial Operations occupations, there were an estimated 2,369 job vacancies. Most of these were for full- time positions, permanent positions; only 12 percent were part- time and 6 percent were temporary jobs. Over three- fourths (77 percent) of the job openings for these occupations required more than a high school diploma / GED and 86 percent required related work experience. This occupational classification includes positions as Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes; Buyers and Purchasing Agents; Human Resources Workers; Accountants and Auditors; and Tax Examiners, Collectors and Preparers, and Revenue Agents Computer and Mathematical (SOC ) Occupations in the Computer and Mathematical group were almost entirely full- time and permanent jobs. These occupations include: Computer and Information Analysts, Software Developers and Programmers, Database and Systems Administrators and Network Architects, Mathematicians, and Operations Research Analysts. Three (3) percent were part- time and only 1 percent were temporary or seasonal positions. It was estimated that there were 2,512 vacancies during the survey period. Almost all of these vacancies required education above high school (90 percent) and related work experience (94 percent). Page 50

69 Architecture and Engineering (SOC ) The Architecture and Engineering field includes jobs in the following categories: Architects, Surveyors and Cartographers, Aerospace Engineers, Chemical Engineers, and Mechanical Engineers. There were an estimated 952 vacancies in this field, almost all of which were full- time and permanent positions (only 0.8 percent part- time and 0.2 percent temporary). Ninety- two (92) percent required education above high school and 96 percent required related work experience. Life, Physical, and Social Sciences (SOC ) It was estimated that there were 642 job vacancies in Life, Physical, and Social Sciences occupations. These occupations include: Biological Scientists, Medical Scientists, Astronomers and Physicists, Chemists and Materials Scientists, Economists, Survey Researchers, and Psychologists. Almost all of the estimated vacancies were for jobs that were full- time (only 3 percent part- time) and permanent (only 4 percent temporary or seasonal). Ninety- one percent of job vacancies in these occupations required education above the high school level and 98 percent required related work experience. Community and Social Services (SOC ) Two- thousand two hundred and eighty six (2,286) vacancies were estimated within occupations classified as Community and Social Services positions. Thirty- seven (37) percent of these vacancies were part- time positions, 16 percent were temporary or seasonal jobs, 87 percent required education above high school level and 78 percent required experience in a related job. Positions in this group include jobs such as Counselors, Social Workers, and Clergy. Legal Occupations (SOC ) The Legal Occupations category includes Lawyers and Judicial Law Clerks; Judges, Magistrates, and Other Judicial Workers; Paralegals and Legal Assistants; and Miscellaneous Legal Support Workers (such as Court Reporters and Title Examiners). It was estimated that there were 1,020 Legal Occupation job vacancies only 2 percent of which were part- time and none were temporary. Ninety- seven percent of these vacancies required an employee who had Page 51

70 education above the high school level and essentially all of the jobs (99.7 percent) required related work experience. Education, Training, and Library (SOC ) An estimated 1,496 vacancies fell under the Education, Training, and Library group. Half of these vacancies (51 percent) were for part- time jobs and 10 percent were for temporary jobs. Over three- fourths (79 percent) of the vacancies required more than high school education and 85 percent required experience in a related job. Education, Training, and Library occupations include wide variety of jobs: Postsecondary Teachers (math, computers, life sciences, physical sciences, art, communications, humanities, etc.); primary and secondary Teachers (preschool, elementary, middle, and high school); Special Education Teachers; Adult Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors; Archivists, Curators, and Museum Technicians; and Librarians. Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media (SOC ) Occupations in the Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media category include the following: Artists; Designers; Actors, Producers, and Directors; Musicians and Singers; News Analysts, Reporters and Correspondents; and Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators. This category had one of the lowest estimated numbers of job vacancies among the occupational groups 806 job vacancies. Thirty- three (33) percent of these were for part- time jobs, 17 percent were for temporary jobs, 78 percent required education above high school level, and 89 percent required work experience in a related job. Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (SOC ) There were an estimated 3,293 job vacancies for Healthcare Practitioners and Technical occupations. Forty- percent of these vacancies were for part- time positions, but only 2 percent were for jobs that were temporary. Relatively higher levels of education and previous work experience were required for these vacancies; 83 percent required education above high school and 86 percent Page 52

71 required experience in a related job. Some of the occupations included in this category are in the list that follows: Dentists; Dietitians and Nutritionists; Pharmacists; Physicians and Surgeons; Veterinarians; Registered Nurses; Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians; Dental Hygienists; Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics; and Medical Records and Health Information Technicians. Healthcare Support (SOC ) Examples of Healthcare Support occupations are: Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides; Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides; Massage Therapists; and Miscellaneous Healthcare Support Occupations (such as Dental Assistants, Medical Assistants, and Pharmacy Aides). There were 2,560 estimated job vacancies for this occupational group. Among these vacancies, almost half (49 percent) were for part- time positions and 6 percent were for temporary jobs. Forty- one (41) percent of the vacancies required more than a high school education and 74 percent required related work experience. Protective Service (SOC ) It was estimated that Protective Service occupations had 3,107 job vacancies. One- in- five (20 percent) were part- time jobs. Nine percent of the vacancies were for temporary work, 21 percent required education above high school, and 62 percent required experience in a related job. Included within Protective Services are jobs as Firefighters, Fire Inspectors, Detectives and Criminal Investigators, Police Officers, Animal Control Workers, Private Detectives and Investigators, and Security Guards and Gaming Surveillance Officers. Food Preparation and Serving Related (SOC ) The third largest number of job vacancies (5,205) was in Food Preparation and Service Related occupations. Cooks; Food Preparation Workers; Bartenders; Fast Food and Counter Workers; Waiters and Waitresses; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers; and Dishwashers are all jobs within this occupational group. Three- fourths (74 percent) were part- time jobs. Eleven percent of the openings were for temporary or seasonal jobs. Almost none (0.6 percent) of the vacancies required more than a high school education and 41 percent required related work experience. Page 53

72 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance (SOC ) One- thousand, two hundred seventy- one (1,271) job vacancies were estimated in Buildings and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance occupations. Thirty (30) percent of these vacancies were part- time positions and 23 percent were temporary jobs. Twenty- three (23) percent of the vacancies in these occupations required education above high school level and 64 percent required previous work experience in a related job. This group includes jobs of the following types: Building Cleaning Workers, Pest Control Workers, Grounds Maintenance Workers, and Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (such as Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation; and Tree Trimmers and Pruners). Personal Care and Service (SOC ) The Personal Care and Service group had 2,583 job vacancies 50 percent of which were part- time and 15 percent of which were temporary. Thirty- two percent of vacancies in this occupational group required education above high school level and 64 percent required related job experience. Some of the detailed jobs that comprise this category: Animal Trainers; Gaming Services Workers; Motion Picture Projectionists; Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Directors; Barbers, Hairdressers, Hairstylists and Cosmetologists; Tour and Travel Guides; Childcare Workers; and Recreation and Fitness Workers. Sales and Related (SOC ) The second largest number of job vacancies (6,055 estimated vacancies) was in Sales and Related occupations. Within this field, job titles include Cashiers; Retail Salespersons; Advertising Sales Agents; Insurance Sales Agents; Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents; Travel Agents; Real Estate Brokers and Sales Agents; and Telemarketers. Over one- third (37 percent) were part- time positions and 15 percent of the vacancies were for temporary or seasonal jobs. Thirty (30) percent required education above high school and 54 percent required related work experience. Page 54

73 Office and Administrative Support (SOC ) The largest number of job vacancies for an occupational group was 7,785 estimated vacancies for Office and Administrative Support occupations. This group contains, among others, job titles such as: Telephone Operators; Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks; Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks; Tellers; Customer Service Representatives; Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks; Receptionists and Information Clerks; Couriers and Messengers; Secretaries and Administrative Assistants; and Proofreaders and Copy Markers. Half (52 percent) of the estimated vacancies were for part- time positions, while 17 percent were for temporary or seasonal jobs. Thirty- one (31) percent of the vacancies in this occupation required the successful applicant to have some college education or vocational training and 67 percent required experience in a related job. Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (SOC ) The smallest number of job vacancies (19 vacancies) was estimated for the Farming, Fishing, and Forestry occupations. These vacancies were entirely full- time and permanent (zero percent part- time and zero percent temporary/seasonal). All of the job openings could be filled by someone with no more than a high school education (zero percent required more than a high school education) and 38 percent of them required the individual to have related work experience. Agricultural Inspectors, Animal Breeders, Fishers and Related Fishing Workers, Hunters and Trappers, Forest and Conservation Workers, and Logging Workers are all types of jobs within the Farming, Fishing, and Forestry group. Construction and Extraction (SOC ) Construction and Extraction occupations are jobs such as Brickmasons, Blockmasons, and Stonemasons; Carpenters; Carpet, Floor, and Tile Installers and Finishers; Construction Laborers; Construction Equipment Operators; Electricians; Painters and Paperhangers; Roofers; Sheet Metal Workers; Construction and Building Inspectors; and Derrick, Rotary Drill, and Service Unit Operators for Oil, Gas, and Mining. It was estimated that there were 3,178 vacancies in this occupation. Eleven (11) percent of these jobs were part- time and 3 percent were Page 55

74 temporary. One- in- five (23 percent) required education above high school, but most (87 percent) required related job experience. Installation, Maintenance, and Repair (SOC ) The Installation, Maintenance, and Repair sector had 2,998 job vacancies, 21 percent of which were part- time jobs and 6 percent of which were temporary or seasonal jobs. Thirty- six percent of these job vacancies required education above high school level and 76 percent required work experience in a related job. Within this category, some of the jobs are Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians; Automotive Technicians and Repairers; Small Engine Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers; and Industrial Machinery Installation, Repair, and Maintenance Workers. Production (SOC ) There were an estimated 3,622 job vacancies in Production occupations, which includes positions such as Electrical, Electronics, and Electromechanical Assemblers; Engine and Other Machine Assemblers; Bakers; Butchers and Other Meat, Poultry, and Fish Processing Workers; Machine Tool Cutting Setters, Operators, and Tenders for Metal and Plastic; Machinists; Tool and Die Makers; Printing Workers; Laundry and Dry- Cleaning Workers; Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters; Power Plant Operators, Distributors, and Dispatchers; and Medical, Dental, and Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians. Ten percent of these were for part- time work and 12 percent were temporary or seasonal jobs. Slightly less than one- third (29 percent) required education above high school, but over two- thirds (70 percent) required related work experience. Transportation and Material Moving (SOC ) Three- thousand, eight hundred and eighty- eight (3,888) job vacancies were estimated for Transportation and Material Moving occupations. For these job vacancies, 19 percent were part- time, 10 percent were temporary, 9 percent required education above the high school level, and 66 percent required related Page 56

75 work experience. Some Transportation and Material Moving jobs are Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers; Bus Drivers; Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers; Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs; Locomotive Engineers and Operators; Ship and Boat Captains and Operators (non- military); Parking Lot Attendants; and Crane and Tower Operators. Military Specific (SOC ) No Military Specific occupations were estimated through this research. Non- Classifiable (SOC ) For some of the data provided by survey respondents, it was not clear what type of occupation was being reported. These data resulted in estimates of non- classifiable job vacancies. It was estimated that there were 1,040 Non- Classifiable job vacancies in Virginia during the survey period. One- third (34 percent) of the jobs were part- time positions and 9 percent could be classified as temporary or seasonal. An estimated 50 percent of these job vacancies required more than a high school education and 73 percent required related work experience. Table 20. Job Vacancy Data by Occupation Statewide Ranked by Estimated Number of Job SOC Code Occupational Group Office and Administrative Support Estimated Number of Job Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 7, % 17.0% 30.8% 67.1% Number of Cases Sales and Related 6, % 15.3% 30.4% 53.7% Food Preparation and Serving Related Number of Cases , % 10.5% 0.6% 40.7% Number of Cases Management 4, % 9.7% 75.2% 96.2% Number of Cases continued Page 57

76 Table 20 continues here Table 20. Job Vacancy Data by Occupation Statewide, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job SOC Code Occupational Group Transportation and Material Moving Estimated Number of Job Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 3, % 10.2% 8.7% 66.2% Number of Cases Production 3, % 11.6% 29.2% 70.1% Number of Cases Healthcare Practitioners and Technical 3, % 1.6% 82.6% 86.4% Number of Cases Construction and Extraction 3, % 2.8% 23.3% 86.8% Number of Cases Protective Service 3, % 9.0% 20.5% 62.3% Number of Cases Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 2, % 5.5% 35.5% 75.8% Number of Cases Personal Care and Service 2, % 15.4% 31.5% 63.9% Number of Cases Healthcare Support 2, % 5.5% 40.6% 74.4% Number of Cases Computer and Mathematical 2, % 0.7% 89.6% 94.1% Number of Cases Business and Financial Operations 2, % 5.9% 77.4% 86.4% Number of Cases Community and Social Services 2, % 16.2% 87.0% 78.1% Number of Cases Education, Training, and Library 1, % 9.9% 78.5% 85.0% Number of Cases continued Page 58

77 Table 20 continues here Table 20. Job Vacancy Data by Occupation Statewide, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job SOC Code Occupational Group Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Estimated Number of Job Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 1, % 22.8% 22.7% 64.2% Number of Cases Non- Classifiable 1, % 8.9% 50.4% 73.4% Number of Cases Legal Occupations 1, % 0.0% 97.2% 99.7% Number of Cases Architecture and Engineering % 0.2% 92.2% 96.4% Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Number of Cases % 16.7% 77.9% 89.1% Number of Cases Life, Physical, and Social Sciences % 3.8% 90.5% 98.1% Number of Cases Farming, Fishing, and Forestry % 0.0% 0.0% 37.5% Number of Cases Military Specific 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Number of Cases Total All Occupations* 63, % 10.1% 48.5% 75.2% Number of Cases 3,537 3,537 2,930 3,261 3,271 Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Occupations amounts may not be equal to the sum of all occupational groups. Page 59

78 Top 10 Job Table 21 shows the Top 10 Job by job title. These job titles correspond with the Detailed occupational group level. As noted previously, 69 percent of the job titles that respondents provided were specific enough to be assigned a Detailed SOC Code. The information and ranking for the Top 10 vacancies could only be based on those vacancies where a Detailed SOC Code was available. Table 21. Top 10 Job Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Title Customer Service Representatives Nursing Assistants Retail Salespersons Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers Managers, All Other Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor- Trailer Receptionists and Information Clerks Paralegals and Legal Assistants Secretaries and Administrative Assistants (Except Legal, Medical, and Executive) Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists Estimated Number of 1,685 1,391 1,134 1, Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page 60

79 APPENDIX A: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Major Industry Sectors Table A- 1. Major Industry Sector Descriptions NAICS Code Industry Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 22 Utilities 23 Construction Manufacturing 42 Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation and Warehousing 51 Information 52 Finance and Insurance Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Industry Description Establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, harvesting timber, and harvesting fish and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitats. Establishments that extract naturally occurring mineral solids, such as coal and ores; liquid minerals, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. Establishments engaged in the provision of the following utility services: electric power, natural gas, steam supply, water supply, and sewage removal. Establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings or engineering projects; the preparation of sites for new construction; subdividing land for sale as building sites. Establishments engaged in the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. Establishments engaged in wholesaling merchandise, generally without transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Establishments engaged in retailing merchandise, generally without transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Establishments providing transportation of passengers and cargo, warehousing and storage for goods, scenic and sightseeing transportation, and support activities related to modes of transportation. Establishments engaged in producing and distributing information and cultural products; providing the means to transmit or distribute these products as well as data or communications; and processing data. Establishments primarily engaged in financial transactions (transactions involving the creation, liquidation, or change in ownership of financial assets) and/or in facilitating financial transactions. Establishments primarily engaged in renting, leasing, or otherwise allowing the use of tangible or intangible assets, and establishments providing related services. Establishments that specialize in performing professional, scientific, and technical activities for others. Establishments that hold the securities of, or other equity interests in, companies and enterprises for the purpose of owning a controlling interest or influencing management decisions; or establishments (except government establishments) that administer, oversee, and manage establishments of the company or enterprise and that normally undertake the strategic or organizational planning and decision making role of the company or enterprise. continued Page A - 1

80 Table A- 1 continues here Table A- 1. Major Industry Sector Descriptions, continued NAICS Code Industry Industry Description 56 Administrative and Support & Waste Management Services 61 Educational Services Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Accommodation and Food Services Establishments performing routine support activities for the day- to- day operations of other organizations Establishments that provide instruction and training in a wide variety of subjects. This instruction and training is provided by specialized establishments, such as schools, colleges, universities, and training centers. Establishments providing health care and social assistance for individuals. Establishments that operate facilities or provide services to meet varied cultural, entertainment, and recreational interests of their patrons; establishments involved in producing, promoting, or participating in live performances, events, or exhibits intended for public viewing; establishments that preserve and exhibit objects and sites of historical, cultural, or educational interest; and establishments that operate facilities or provide services that enable patrons to participate in recreational activities or pursue amusement, hobby, and leisure- time interests. Establishments providing customers with lodging and/or preparing meals, snacks, and beverages for immediate consumption. 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) Establishments engaged in providing services not specifically provided for elsewhere in the classification system. Establishments in this sector are primarily engaged in activities such as equipment and machinery repairing, promoting or administering religious activities, grantmaking, advocacy, and providing drycleaning and laundry services, personal care services, death care services, pet care services, photofinishing services, temporary parking services, and dating services. 92 Public Administration Establishments of federal, state, and local government agencies that administer, oversee, and manage public programs and have executive, legislative, or judicial authority over other institutions within a given area. These agencies also set policy, create laws, adjudicate civil and criminal legal cases, provide for public safety and for national defense. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. North American Industry Classification System. Page A - 2

81 APPENDIX B: Localities Comprising Virginia s Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions Locality Names and FIPS / ANSI Code Numbers WIB I Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board ( Southwest Virginia ) Buchanan County Dickenson County Lee County Russell County Scott County Tazwell County Wise County Norton City WIB II New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board ( New River / Mount Rogers ) Bland County Carroll County Floyd County Giles County Grayson County Montgomery County Pulaski County Smyth County Washington County Wythe County Bristol City Galax City Radford City WIB III Western Virginia Workforce Development Board ( Western Virginia ) Alleghany County Botetourt County Craig County Franklin County Roanoke County Covington City Roanoke City Salem City WIB IV Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board ( Shenandoah Valley ) Augusta County Bath County Clarke County Frederick County Highland County Page County Rockbridge County Rockingham County Shenandoah County Warren County Buena Vista City Harrisonburg City Lexington City Staunton City Waynesboro City Winchester City continued Page B - 1

82 APPENDIX B: Localities Comprising Virginia s Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions,, continued WIB VI Piedmont Workforce Network ( Piedmont ) Albemarle County Culpeper County Fauquier County Fluvanna County Greene County Louisa County Madison County Nelson County Orange County Rappahannock County Charlottesville City WIB VII Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership ( Region 2000 / Central Virginia ) Amherst County Appomattox County Bedford County Campbell County Bedford City Lynchburg City Bedford City is in the process of reverting from an independent city to a town within Bedford County. The target date for the transition is July 1, WIB VIII South Central Workforce Investment Board ( South Central ) Amelia County Brunswick County Buckingham County Charlotte County Cumberland County Halifax County Lunenburg County Mecklenburg County Nottoway County Prince Edward County WIB IX Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership ( Capital Region ) Charles City County Chesterfield County Goochland County Hanover County Henrico County New Kent County Powhatan County Richmond City WIB XI Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System ( Northern Virginia ) Fairfax County Loudoun County Prince William County Fairfax City Falls Church City Manassas City Manassas Park City continued Page B - 2

83 APPENDIX B: Localities Comprising Virginia s Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions,, continued WIB XII Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board ( Alexandria / Arlington ) Arlington County Alexandria City WIB XIII Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board ( Bay Consortium ) Accomack County Caroline County Essex County King and Queen County King George County King William County Lancaster County Mathews County Middlesex County Northampton County Northumberland County Richmond County Spotsylvania County Stafford County Westmoreland County Fredericksburg City WIB XIV Peninsula Council for Workforce Development ( Greater Peninsula ) Gloucester County James City County York County Hampton City Newport News City Poquoson City Williamsburg City WIB XV Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group ( Crater Region ) Dinwiddie County Greensville County Prince George County Surry County Sussex County Colonial Heights City Emporia City Hopewell City Petersburg City WIB XVI Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board ( Hampton Roads ) Isle of Wight County Southampton County Chesapeake City Franklin City Norfolk City Portsmouth City Suffolk City Virginia Beach City continued Page B - 3

84 APPENDIX B: Localities Comprising Virginia s Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions,, continued WIB XVII West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board ( West Piedmont ) Henry County Patrick County Pittsylvania County Danville City Martinsville City Figure B- 1. Map of Virginia s WIB Regions Source: Virginia Center for Urban Development at VCU. Map prepared using ArcGIS. Page B - 4

85 APPENDIX C: Major Occupational O Groups Table C- 1. Major Occupational Groups Example Occupations SOC Code Occupational Group Management Occupations Business and Financial Operations Occupations Computer and Mathematical Occupations Architecture and Engineering Occupations Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations Community and Social Services Occupations Legal Occupations Education, Training, and Library Occupations Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations Healthcare Support Occupations Protective Service Occupations Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations Example Occupations Chief executives; General and operations managers; Marketing and sales managers; Purchasing managers; and Education administrators Agents and business managers of artists, Performers, and Athletes; Buyers and purchasing Agents; Human resources workers; Accountants; and Tax examiners Computer and information analysts; Software developers and programmers; Database and systems Administrators and network architects; Mathematicians; and Operations research analysts Architects; Surveyors and cartographers; Aerospace engineers; Chemical engineers; and Mechanical engineers Biological scientists; Medical scientists; Astronomers and physicists; Chemists; Economists; Survey researchers; and Psychologists Counselors; Social workers; and Clergy Lawyers and Judicial Law Clerks; Judges, Magistrates; Paralegals and Legal Assistants; and Legal Support Workers (such as Court Reporters and Title Examiners) Postsecondary Teachers; primary and secondary Teachers; Special Education Teachers; Adult Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors; Archivists, Curators, and Museum Technicians; and Librarians. Artists; Designers; Actors, Producers, and Directors; Musicians and Singers; Reporters and Correspondents; and Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians Dentists; Dietitians and Nutritionists; Pharmacists; Physicians and Surgeons; Veterinarians; Registered Nurses; Dental Hygienists; Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides; Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides; Massage Therapists; and Healthcare Support Occupations (such as Dental Assistants, Medical Assistants, and Pharmacy Aides). Firefighters; Fire Inspectors; Detectives and Criminal Investigators; Police Officers; Animal Control Workers; Private Detectives and Investigators; and Security Guards Cooks; Food Preparation Workers; Bartenders; Fast Food and Counter Workers; Waiters and Waitresses; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers; and Dishwashers continued Page C - 1

86 Table C- 1 continues here Table C- 1. Major Occupational Groups, continued Example Occupations SOC Code Occupational Group Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations Personal Care and Service Occupations Sales and Related Occupations Office and Administrative Support Occupations Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Construction and Extraction Occupations Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations Production Occupations Transportation and Material Moving Occupations Example Occupations Building Cleaning Workers; Pest Control Workers; Grounds Maintenance Workers; and Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (such as Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation; and Tree Trimmers and Pruners). Animal Trainers; Gaming (Gambling) Services Workers; Motion Picture Projectionists; Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Directors; Barbers, Hairdressers, Hairstylists and Cosmetologists; Tour and Travel Guides; Childcare Workers; and Recreation and Fitness Workers Cashiers; Retail Salespersons; Advertising Sales Agents; Insurance Sales Agents; Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents; Travel Agents; Real Estate Brokers and Sales Agents; and Telemarketers Telephone Operators; Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks; Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks; Tellers; Customer Service Representatives; Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks; Receptionists and Information Clerks; Couriers and Messengers; Secretaries and Administrative Assistants; and Proofreaders and Copy Markers Agricultural Inspectors; Animal Breeders; Fishers and Related Fishing Workers; Hunters and Trappers; Forest and Conservation Workers; and Logging Workers Brickmasons, Blockmasons, and Stonemasons; Carpenters; Carpet, Floor, and Tile Installers and Finishers; Construction Laborers; Construction Equipment Operators; Electricians; Painters and Paperhangers; Roofers; Sheet Metal Workers; Construction and Building Inspectors; and Derrick, Rotary Drill, and Service Unit Operators for Oil, Gas, and Mining Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians; Automotive Technicians and Repairers; Small Engine Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers; and Industrial Machinery Installation, Repair, and Maintenance Workers. Electrical, Electronics, and Electromechanical Assemblers; Engine and Other Machine Assemblers; Bakers; Butchers and Other Meat, Poultry, and Fish Processing Workers; Machine Tool Cutting Setters, Operators, and Tenders for Metal and Plastic; Machinists; Tool and Die Makers; Printing Workers; Laundry and Dry- Cleaning Workers; Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters; Power Plant Operators, Distributors, and Dispatchers; and Medical, Dental, and Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers; Bus Drivers; Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers; Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs; Locomotive Engineers and Operators; Ship and Boat Captains and Operators (non- military); Parking Lot Attendants; and Crane and Tower Operators Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Page C - 2

87 APPENDIX D: Survey and Related Documents Summary The pages that follow include the Job Vacancy Survey was administered with employers in each of Virginia s 15 WIB regions. The introductory letter, reminder postcard, and second reminder letter are also included. To provide most customization, some businesses received letters that were slightly revised from the standard text. (For example, a letter to a private business would have referred to your business or organization, while a letter to state government agency would have referred to your governmental department or office. ) These revisions are listed for the two letters and the reminder postcard. Page D - 1

88 Survey Front Page D - 2

89 Survey Back Page D - 3

90 Invitation Letter Page D - 4

91 Variations to the Invitation Letter Depending on the type of business, government agency, or other organization that would be receiving the Invitation Letter, some variations were made to the text of this document. Below is a list of the ways in which the letter varied across organizational types: Private Business - Addresses receiving one (1) survey Mailing Address: When the Physical Address was available in the VEC database, it was used. Otherwise, the UI Address was used. An Attention line was added to the mailing address and one of the following variations was used either Attn: Human Resources or Attn: Manager or Human Resources. Private Business - Addresses receiving multiple surveys Mailing Address: The UI Address was used instead of the Physical Addresses of the individual sites. An Attention line was added to the mailing address and one of the following variations was used either Attn: Human Resources or Attn: Manager or Human Resources. Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was chosen in the first sentence was replaced with the text <Number_of_locations> of your sites or offices were chosen. The phrase this site or office in the last sentence was replaced with these sites or offices. Paragraph # 3: The following sentence was added at the beginning of the paragraph: I am enclosing <Number_of_locations> surveys for your business or organization. The statement It should take about 10 minutes to complete these short answers was replaced with Each survey is different and refers to an individual location. Due to the fact that there were multiple surveys included in the mailing, a specific site address was not included in the letter. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for the site or office that is shown. Paragraph # 6: This text was omitted because multiple surveys, each with a different online code, were sent to one address. Page D - 5

92 Local Government - All addresses except for School Boards Mailing Address: If the NAICS code was available, it was used to determine a particular department or division within the Local Government agency where the survey could be sent. In these cases, the mailing address included a line that read Department: < NAICS_Description >. Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was chosen in the first sentence was replaced with the text Your governmental department or office was chosen. The text this site or office in the last sentence was replaced with this department or office. Paragraph # 3: The phrase the site or office was replaced with this department or office. Local Government - School Boards - One survey per School Board (i.e., one survey for all schools in the system) Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was chosen in the first sentence was replaced with the text Your school system was chosen. The text this site or office in the last sentence was replaced with your school system. Paragraph # 3: A specific site address was not used, since there were multiple surveys included in the mailing. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Even though the survey refers to a particular business address (probably your main school board office), please answer the questions for your entire school system. Local Government - School Boards - Multiple per School Board (i.e., one survey for each school in the system) Mailing Address: The Trade Name was not used as part of the mailing address. It was the name of the city or county where the schools were located. The UI Address was used instead of the Physical Address. Page D - 6

93 Local Government - School Boards - Multiple per school board - continued Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was chosen in the first sentence was replaced with the text <Number_of_locations> schools, divisions, or offices in your school system were chosen. The text this site or office in the last sentence was replaced with the phrase these locations. Paragraph # 3: The following sentence was added at the beginning of the paragraph: I am enclosing <Number_of_locations> surveys for your business or organization. The statement It should take about 10 minutes to complete these short answers was replaced with Each survey is different and refers to an individual location. Due to the fact that there were multiple surveys included in the mailing, a specific site address was not included in the letter. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for the site or office that is shown. Paragraph # 6: This text was omitted because multiple surveys, each with a different online code, were sent to one address. State Government - Addresses receiving only one (1) survey Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was chosen in the first sentence was replaced with the text Your governmental department or office was chosen. The text this site or office in the last sentence was replaced with the phrase this department or office. Paragraph # 3: The phrase the site or office was replaced with the department or office. State Government - Addresses receiving multiple surveys Mailing Address: The UI Address was used rather than the Physical Address. An Attention line was added to the mailing address that read Attn: Human Resources. Page D - 7

94 State Government - Addresses receiving multiple surveys - continued Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was chosen in the first sentence was replaced with the text <Number_of_locations> divisions, offices, or locations for your agency were chosen. The phrase this site or office in the last sentence was replaced with these divisions or offices. Paragraph # 3: The following sentence was added at the beginning of the paragraph: I am enclosing <Number_of_locations> surveys for your agency. The statement It should take about 10 minutes to complete these short answers was replaced with Each survey is different and refers to an individual location. A specific site address was not used, since there were multiple surveys included in the mailing. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for the division or office that is shown. Paragraph # 6: This text was omitted because multiple surveys, each with a different online code, were sent to one address. Federal Government Addresses receiving one (1) survey Mailing Address: If the NAICS code was available, it was used to determine a particular department or division within the Federal Government office where the survey could be sent. In these cases, the mailing address included a line that read Department: < NAICS_Description >. Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was chosen was replaced with the text Your governmental department or office was chosen. The phrase this site or office in the last sentence was replaced with this department or office. Paragraph # 3: The phrase the site or office was replaced with the department or office. Page D - 8

95 Federal Government Addresses receiving multiple surveys Mailing Address: The UI Address was used for the mailing address. An Attention line was added to the mailing address that read Attn: Human Resources. If the NAICS code was available, it was used to determine a particular department or division within the Federal Government office where the survey could be sent. In these cases, the mailing address included a line that read Department: < NAICS_Description >. Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was replaced with the text <Number_of_locations> divisions or offices in your agency. The phrase this site or office in the last sentence was replaced with these divisions or offices. Paragraph # 3: The following sentence was added at the beginning of the paragraph: I am enclosing <Number_of_locations> surveys for your agency. The statement It should take about 10 minutes to complete these short answers was replaced with Each survey is different and refers to an individual location. A specific site address was not used, since there were multiple surveys included in the mailing. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for the division or office that is shown. Paragraph # 6: This text was omitted because multiple surveys, each with a different online code, were sent to one address. Federal Government Post Offices Mailing Address: An Attention line was added to the mailing address that read Attn: Postmaster. Paragraph # 2: The phrase Your business or organization was chosen was replaced with the text Your post office was chosen. The text this site or office was replaced with this location. Paragraph # 3: The phrase the site or office was replaced with the text the department or office. Page D - 9

96 Job Vacancy Survey Virginia Employment Commission Reminder Postcard Recently, we mailed a survey to you asking about job vacancies in your business or organization. My office is administering this survey on behalf of the Virginia Employment Commission (VEC). It is designed to provide a "snapshot" of job vacancies in industries and localities across Virginia. If you have already completed your survey, we thank you. If not, please take a few minutes today to complete the questions online or on the paper survey. We are asking only a small percentage of Virginia's employers to participate, so every reply makes a difference in our understanding of current job vacancies. You may reply to the questions online by going to the website You can begin the questions by entering the "Respondent Key" code number that is listed above your mailing address on the front of this postcard. If you have questions, did not receive your survey, or would like a new copy, please contact me at (804) or [email protected]. Thank you for your help with this research! Billy Kinsey, survey coordinator Virginia Commonwealth University Page D - 10

97 Variations to the Reminder Postcard Variations were made to the text of the Reminder Postcard, based upon the type of organization receiving it. Below is a list of the text changes that were made: For postcards mailed to Federal, state, and local government addresses, the phrase business or organization in the first sentence was replaced with the text government office or agency. In cases where two or more divisions or offices of a business or government organization were located at the same mailing address, only one reminder postcard was sent to that address. The third paragraph of the postcard text which provided instructions for accessing the online survey using the key code that appeared on the postcard mailing label was omitted from these postcards. This way, there was no confusion about which Respondent Key code (there would have been multiple codes in these cases) a respondent needed to use for a particular division. Page D - 11

98 Second Reminder Letter Page D - 12

99 Variations to the Second Reminder Letter Depending on the type of organization that would be receiving the Second Reminder Letter, some variations were made to the text of this document. Below is a list of the changes that were made for different groups: Private Business - Addresses receiving one (1) survey Mailing Address: If the Physical Address was available in the VEC database, it was used. Otherwise, the UI Address was used. An Attention line was added to the mailing address and one of the following variations was used either Attn: Human Resources or Attn: Manager or Human Resources. Paragraph # 4: Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If any of the locations. Private Business - Addresses receiving multiple surveys Mailing Address: The UI Address was used for all mailings, rather than the Physical Address. An Attention line was added to the mailing address and one of the following variations was used either Attn: Human Resources or Attn: Manager or Human Resources. Paragraph # 1: The phrase your location was chosen in the first sentence was replaced with the text <Number_of_locations> locations of your sites or offices were chosen. Paragraph # 3: The phrase this location in the last sentence was replaced with these locations. Paragraph # 4: The following sentence was added at the beginning of the paragraph: I am enclosing <Number_of_locations> surveys for your business or organization. The following sentence was added: Each survey is different and refers to an individual location. Page D - 13

100 Private Business - Addresses receiving multiple surveys - continued Due to the fact that there were multiple surveys included in the mailing, a specific site address was not included in the letter. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for the site or office that is shown. Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If any of the locations. Paragraph # 6: This text was omitted because multiple surveys, each with a different online code, were sent to one address. Local Government - All addresses except for School Boards Mailing Address: A line for the specific Department name was added to the address. The department was determined using the site s NAICS code. Paragraph # 1: The phrase your business or organization in the first sentence was replaced with the text your department or office. Paragraph # 3: The text of Virginia s employers in the first sentence was replaced with of government offices and businesses. The phrase this location was replaced with this department or office. Paragraph # 4: The text for your company s site or office in the first sentence was replaced with for the department or office. Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If this department or office. Local Government - School Boards - One survey per School Board (i.e., one survey for all schools in the system) Mailing Address: An Attention line that read Attn: Personnel / Human Resources was added to the mailing address. Page D - 14

101 Local Government - School Boards - One survey per School Board - continued Paragraph # 1: The phrase your business or organization in the first sentence was replaced with the text your school system. Paragraph # 3: The text of Virginia s employers in the first sentence was replaced with of government offices and businesses. The text this location or office in the last sentence was replaced with this department of office. Paragraph # 4: A specific site address was not used, since it would have been the address of a school board s main office / central office. Providing the address of the central office would likely cause confusion as to whether we wanted information only for the employees and job vacancies at that one site, versus information about the entire school system. In place of a site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for your entire school system, even though the survey refers to a specific business address (probably your central office). Local Government - School Boards - Multiple per School Board (i.e., one survey for each school in the system) Mailing Address: An Attention line that read Attn: Personnel / Human Resources was added to the mailing address. The Trade Name was not used as part of the mailing address. It was the name of the city or county where the schools were located. The UI Address was used instead of the Physical Address. Paragraph # 1: The phrase your business or organization in the first sentence was replaced with the text your school system. The text Your location was chosen was replaced with <Number_of_locations> schools, divisions, or offices in your school system were chosen. Paragraph # 3: The text of Virginia s employers in the first sentence was replaced with of government offices and businesses. Page D - 15

102 Local Government - School Boards - Multiple per school board - continued The following sentence was added at the beginning of the paragraph: I am enclosing <Number_of_locations> surveys for your school system. The statement Each survey is different and refers to an individual location was added as the second sentence of the paragraph. Paragraph # 4: Due to the fact that there were multiple surveys included in the mailing, a specific site address was not included in the letter. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for the school, division, or office that is shown. Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If any of the locations. Paragraph # 6: This text was omitted because multiple surveys, each with a different online code, were sent to one address for the entire School Board. State Government - Addresses receiving only one (1) survey Mailing Address: An Attention line that read Attn: Personnel / Human Resources was added to the mailing address. Paragraph # 1: The phrase your business or organization in the first sentence was replaced with the text your department or office. Paragraph # 3: The text of Virginia s employers in the first sentence was replaced with of government offices and businesses. The phrase this location was replaced with this department or office. Paragraph # 4: The statement your company s site or office in the first sentence was replaced with the department or office. Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If this department or office. Page D - 16

103 State Government - Addresses receiving multiple surveys Mailing Address: The UI Address was used rather than the Physical Address. An Attention line that read Attn: Human Resources was added to the mailing address. State Government - Addresses receiving multiple surveys - continued Paragraph # 1: The phrase your business or organization in the first sentence was replaced with the text your agency. In the third sentence, the text your location was replaced with <Number_of_locations> divisions, offices, or locations for your agency. Paragraph # 3: The text of Virginia s employers in the first sentence was replaced with of government offices and businesses. The phrase this location in the last sentence was replaced with this department or office. Paragraph # 4: The following sentence was added at the beginning of the paragraph: I am enclosing <Number_of_locations> surveys for your agency. The statement Each survey is different and refers to an individual location was added as the second sentence of the paragraph. A specific site address was not used, since there were multiple surveys included in the mailing. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for the division or office that is shown. Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If any of the locations. Paragraph # 6: This text was omitted because multiple surveys, each with a different online code, were sent to one address. Page D - 17

104 Federal Government Addresses receiving one (1) survey Mailing Address: If the NAICS code was available, it was used to determine a particular department or division within the Federal Government office where the survey could be sent. In these cases, the mailing address included a line that read Department: < NAICS_Description >. Paragraph # 1: The phrase your business or organization was replaced with the text your governmental department or office. Paragraph # 3: The text of Virginia s employers in the first sentence was replaced with of government offices and businesses. Text in the last sentence, this location was replaced with this department or office. Paragraph # 4: The text your company s site or office was replaced with the department or office. Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If this department or office. Federal Government Addresses receiving multiple surveys Mailing Address: The UI Address was used for the mailing address. An Attention line that read Attn: Personnel / Human Resources was added to the mailing address. If the NAICS code was available, it was used to determine a particular department or division within the Federal Government office where the survey could be sent. In these cases, the mailing address included a line that read Department: < NAICS_Description >. Paragraph # 1: The phrase your business or organization was replaced with the text in your agency. In the last sentence, the text your location was replaced with <Number_of_locations> divisions, offices, or locations for your agency. Paragraph # 3: The text of Virginia s employers in the first sentence was replaced with of government offices and businesses. Page D - 18

105 Federal Government Addresses receiving multiple surveys - continued Paragraph # 4: The following sentence was added at the beginning of the paragraph: I am enclosing for your agency. The statement Each survey is different and refers to an individual location was added as the second sentence. A specific site address was not used, since there were multiple surveys included in the mailing. In place of the site address, the letter included the following text: Please answer the questions for the division or office that is shown. Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If any of the locations. Paragraph # 6: This text was omitted because multiple surveys, each with a different online code, were sent to one address. Federal Government Post Offices Mailing Address: An Attention line that read Attn: Personnel / Human Resources was added to the mailing address. Paragraph # 1: The phrase your business or organization was replaced with the text your department or office. Paragraph # 3: The text of Virginia s employers in the first sentence was replaced with of government offices and businesses. In the last sentence, the text this location was replaced with this department or office. Paragraph # 4: In the first sentence, the text your company s site or office was replaced with the post office. Within the parentheses, the text If this site or office was replaced with If this post office. Page D - 19

106 APPENDIX E: Survey Response R Rates by Major Industry Sectors, Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions,, and Employer Size Categories Major Industry Sectors Tables E- 1 and E- 2 shows the response rate for each of the twenty (20) major industry sectors. The column titled Survey Sample indicates the number of surveys that were sent to potential respondents in each industry. The column labeled Usable Surveys reports the number of surveys returned by firms in that industry group. Tables E- 1 and E- 2 contain the same information. Table E- 1 is arranged by industry / NAICS code and Table E- 2 is ranked by response rate (highest to lowest). The highest response rates were in the Construction (59 percent) and Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (58 percent) industries. The industry sectors with the lowest response rates were Retail Trade (29 percent) and Information (32 percent). Table E- 1. Response Rates by Major Industry Sectors Arranged by NAICS Code Number NAICS Code Industry Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction % % 22 Utilities % 23 Construction 1, % Manufacturing 1, % 42 Wholesale Trade % Retail Trade 1, % Transportation and Warehousing 1, % Page E - 1

107 Table E- 1 continues here continued Table E- 1. Response Rates by Major Industry Sectors, continued Arranged by NAICS Code Number NAICS Code Industry Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate 51 Information % 52 Finance and Insurance % Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies / Enterprises Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services % 1, % % % 61 Educational Services % 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 1, % 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation % 72 Accommodation and Food Services % 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) % 92 Public Administration % Total 17,878 7, % Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page E - 2

108 Table E- 2. Response Rates by Major Industry Sectors Ranked by Response Rate NAICS Code Industry Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate 23 Construction 1, % 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting % Manufacturing 1, % 42 Wholesale Trade % 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation % 61 Educational Services % 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) % 92 Public Administration % Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services % 1, % 22 Utilities % Transportation and Warehousing 1, % 55 Management of Companies / Enterprises % 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 1, % Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction % % 72 Accommodation and Food Services % 52 Finance and Insurance % 51 Information % Retail Trade 1, % Total 17,878 7, % Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page E - 3

109 WIB Regions In Tables E- 3 and E- 4, the response rates are shown for each of the fifteen (15) Workforce Investment Board (WIB) regions in Virginia. Table E- 3 is arranged by WIB number and Table E- 4 is ranked by response rate, from the largest response rate to the smallest. The highest response rates were in the West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board WIB XVII (53 percent), Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board WIB IV (51 percent), and Piedmont Workforce Network WIB VI (50 percent). The lowest response rates were in Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board WIB XII (34 percent), Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership WIB IX (39 percent), and Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System WIB XI (39 percent). Table E- 3. Response Rates by Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions Arranged by WIB Number WIB Number WIB Name Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate I II III IV Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board Western Virginia Workforce Development Board Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board % 1, % 1, % 1, % VI Piedmont Workforce Network 1, % VII Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership 1, % VIII IX XI XII XIII South Central Workforce Investment Board Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board % 1, % 2, % 1, % 1, % continued Page E - 4

110 Table E- 3 continues here Table E- 3. Response Rates by Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions, continued Arranged by WIB Number WIB Number XIV XV XVI XVII WIB Name Peninsula Council for Workforce Development Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate 1, % % 1, % % Total 17,878 7, % Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Table E- 4. Response Rates by Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions Ranked by Response Rate WIB Number XVII IV WIB Name West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate % 1, % VI Piedmont Workforce Network 1, % I VIII II XV Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board South Central Workforce Investment Board New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group % % 1, % % VII Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership 1, % XIV Peninsula Council for Workforce Development 1, % continued Page E - 5

111 Table E- 4 continues here Table E- 4. Response Rates by Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions, continued Ranked by Response Rate WIB Number WIB Name Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate XIII III XVI XI IX XII Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board Western Virginia Workforce Development Board Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board 1, % 1, % 1, % 2, % 1, % 1, % Total 17,878 7, % Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Employer Size Categories Response rates by employer size categories are shown in Tables E- 5 and E- 6. The former is arranged by size category number and the latter is ranked by response rate (highest to lowest). The two tables are identical. Overall, establishments in the sample with fewer employees responded in relatively larger proportions than businesses with a greater number of employees. The highest response rates were in Category 1 (1 to 9 employees) and Category 2 (10 to 24 employees); the response rates were 50 percent and 49 percent, respectively. The lowest response rates were for Category 6 (1000 or more employees) 28 percent response rate and Category 5 (500 to 999 employees) 29 percent response. Page E - 6

112 Table E- 5. Response Rates by Employer Size Category Arranged by Employer Size Category Number Category Number Employer Size Categories (Number of Employees) Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate 1 1 to 9 employees 4,292 2, % 2 10 to 24 employees 5,106 2, % 3 25 to 99 employees 5,320 2, % to 499 employees 2, % to 999 employees % 6 1,000 or more employees % Total 17,878 7, % Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Table E- 6. Response Rates by Employer Size Category Ranked by Response Rate Category Number Employer Size Categories (Number of Employees) Survey Sample Usable Surveys Response Rate 1 1 to 9 employees 4,292 2, % 2 10 to 24 employees 5,106 2, % 3 25 to 99 employees 5,320 2, % to 499 employees 2, % to 999 employees % 6 1,000 or more employees % Total 17,878 7, % Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page E - 7

113 APPENDIX F: Survey Sampling S Error by Major Industry Sectors, Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions,, and Employer Size Categories Major Industry Sectors Tables F- 1 and F- 2 provide the estimated sampling error for each major industry group (classified by NAICS code). The values were computed based on the number of responses received from employers in each industry (i.e., the Usable Surveys column). Table F- 1 is arranged by NAICS code and Table F- 2 is ranked by sampling error (largest to smallest). The largest sampling errors were in the Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction industry (+/ percentage points) and Utilities (+/- 8.8 percentage points). The smallest sampling errors were in Manufacturing (+/- 3.1 percentage points) and Construction (+/- 3.8 percentage points). NAICS Code Table F- 1. Estimated Sampling Error by Industry Arranged by NAICS Code Number Industry Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Usable Surveys Sampling Error 224 +/- 6.5% 60 +/- 12.7% 22 Utilities 124 +/- 8.8% 23 Construction 678 +/- 3.8% Manufacturing 988 +/- 3.1% 42 Wholesale Trade 397 +/- 4.9% Retail Trade 578 +/- 4.1% Transportation and Warehousing 570 +/- 4.1% 51 Information 211 +/- 6.7% 52 Finance and Insurance 248 +/- 6.2% 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 262 +/- 6.1% continued Page F - 1

114 Table F- 1 continues here NAICS Code Table F- 1. Estimated Sampling Error by Industry, continued Arranged by NAICS Code Number Industry Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies / Enterprises Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Usable Surveys Sampling Error 601 +/- 4.0% 259 +/- 6.1% 314 +/- 5.5% 61 Educational Services 434 +/- 4.7% 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 599 +/- 4.0% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 362 +/- 5.2% 72 Accommodation and Food Services 287 +/- 5.8% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 352 +/- 5.2% 92 Public Administration 408 +/- 4.9% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University NAICS Code 21 Table F- 2. Estimated Sampling Error by Industry Ranked by Sampling Error Industry Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Usable Surveys Sampling Error 60 +/- 12.7% 22 Utilities 124 +/- 8.8% 51 Information 211 +/- 6.7% 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 224 +/- 6.5% 52 Finance and Insurance 248 +/- 6.2% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Management of Companies / Enterprises 262 +/- 6.1% 259 +/- 6.1% continued Page F - 2

115 Table F- 2 continues here Table F- 2. Estimated Sampling Error by Industry, continued Ranked by Sampling Error NAICS Code Industry Usable Surveys Sampling Error 72 Accommodation and Food Services 287 +/- 5.8% 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services 314 +/- 5.5% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 362 +/- 5.2% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 352 +/- 5.2% 42 Wholesale Trade 397 +/- 4.9% 92 Public Administration 408 +/- 4.9% 61 Educational Services 434 +/- 4.7% Retail Trade 578 +/- 4.1% Transportation and Warehousing 570 +/- 4.1% 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 601 +/- 4.0% 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 599 +/- 4.0% 23 Construction 678 +/- 3.8% Manufacturing 988 +/- 3.1% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University WIB Regions In Tables F- 3 and F- 4, the estimated sampling errors are presented for each of Virginia s WIB regions. Table F- 3 is sorted by NAICS code. The WIBs in Table F- 4 are ranked according to the size of the sampling error. The largest sampling error was +/- 5.3 percentage points for the Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board WIB XII. The smallest sampling error was +/- 3.3 percentage points for the Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System WIB XI. Page F - 3

116 Table F- 3. Estimated Sampling Error by WIB Region Arranged by WIB Number WIB Number I II III IV WIB Name Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board Western Virginia Workforce Development Board Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board Usable Surveys Sampling Error 420 +/- 4.8% 524 +/- 4.3% 490 +/- 4.4% 594 +/- 4.0% VI Piedmont Workforce Network 561 +/- 4.1% VII Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership 466 +/- 4.5% VIII IX XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII South Central Workforce Investment Board Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board Peninsula Council for Workforce Development Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board 412 +/- 4.8% 640 +/- 3.9% 937 +/- 3.2% 358 +/- 5.2% 479 +/- 4.5% 499 +/- 4.4% 404 +/- 4.9% 698 +/- 3.7% 474 +/- 4.5% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page F - 4

117 Table F- 4. Estimated Sampling Error by WIB Region Ranked by Sampling Error WIB Number WIB Name Usable Surveys Sampling Error XII XV I VIII Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board South Central Workforce Investment Board 358 +/- 5.2% 404 +/- 4.9% 420 +/- 4.8% 412 +/- 4.8% VII Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership 466 +/- 4.5% XIII XVII III XIV II Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board Western Virginia Workforce Development Board Peninsula Council for Workforce Development New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board 479 +/- 4.5% 474 +/- 4.5% 490 +/- 4.4% 499 +/- 4.4% 524 +/- 4.3% VI Piedmont Workforce Network 561 +/- 4.1% IV IX XVI XI Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System 594 +/- 4.0% 640 +/- 3.9% 698 +/- 3.7% 937 +/- 3.2% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Employer Size Categories The sampling errors for each of the six (6) Employer Size Categories are presented in Tables F- 5 and F- 6. The largest sampling errors were for Category 6 (1,000+ employees, +/ percentage points) and Category 5 (500 to 999 employees, +/- 9.8 percentage points). The smallest sampling errors were for Category 2 (10 to 24 employees, +/- 2.0 percentage points) and Category 3 (25 to 99 employees, +/- 2.1 percentage points). Page F - 5

118 Table F- 5. Estimated Sampling Error by Employer Size Category Arranged by Employer Size Category Number Category Number Employer Size Categories (Number of Employees) Usable Surveys Sampling Error 1 1 to 9 employees 2,127 +/- 2.1% 2 10 to 24 employees 2,497 +/- 2.0% 3 25 to 99 employees 2,320 +/- 2.0% to 499 employees 850 +/- 3.4% to 999 employees 104 +/- 9.6% 6 1,000 or more employees 58 +/- 12.9% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Table F- 6. Estimated Sampling Error by Employer Size Category Ranked by Sampling Error Category Number Employer Size Categories (Number of Employees) Usable Surveys Sampling Error 6 1,000 or more employees 58 +/- 12.9% to 999 employees 104 +/- 9.6% to 499 employees 850 +/- 3.4% 1 1 to 9 employees 2,127 +/- 2.1% 3 25 to 99 employees 2,320 +/- 2.0% 2 10 to 24 employees 2,497 +/- 2.0% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University Page F - 6

119 APPENDIX G: Data Summaries by Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Regions WIB I: Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board ( Southwest Virginia ) Counties: Buchanan County, Dickenson County, Lee County, Russell County, Scott County, Tazwell County, Wise County Independent Cities: Norton City NAICS Code 21 Industry Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Table G- 1. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB I Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 789 6, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 92 Public Administration 213 5, % 3.0% 0.0% 44.2% 67.6% Health Care and Social Assistance Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 189 9, % 39.7% 3.7% 48.0% 85.1% 119 1, % 77.1% 6.3% 85.9% 91.9% Manufacturing 77 3, % 5.7% 5.7% 61.4% 67.4% Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Accommodation and Food Services 74 2, % 19.6% 0.0% 23.1% 59.0% 69 4, % 68.1% 0.0% 0.0% 15.3% continued Page G - 1

120 Table G- 1 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 1. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB I, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 61 Educational Services 52 7, % 44.2% 21.2% 65.2% 77.7% 23 Construction 46 5, % 0.0% 0.0% 36.7% 70.6% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation % 97.8% 95.6% 0.0% 61.1% Retail Trade 29 9, % 11.9% 0.0% 0.0% 40.2% Transportation and Warehousing 11 1, % 80.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 42 Wholesale Trade 5 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 22 Utilities % 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 100.0% 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% 52 Finance and Insurance 3 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% Management of Companies / Enterprises Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 51 Information % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 0 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 1,733 65, % 18.4% 4.5% 27.8% 78.5% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 2

121 WIB II: New River / Mount Rogers Workforce Investment Board ( New River / Mount Rogers ) Counties: Bland County, Carroll County, Floyd County, Giles County, Grayson County, Montgomery County, Pulaski County, Smyth County, Washington County, Wythe County Independent Cities: Bristol City, Galax City, Radford City Table G- 2. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB II Ranked by Estimated Number of Job NAICS Code Industry Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Manufacturing 1,109 24, % 2.1% 0.4% 38.9% 74.4% Retail Trade , % 19.5% 0.0% 12.8% 34.8% Health Care and Social Assistance Accommodation and Food Services Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services , % 43.2% 4.8% 54.4% 65.2% , % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 24.3% 258 6, % 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 20.8% 42 Wholesale Trade 151 3, % 8.3% 0.0% 33.3% 100.0% Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 142 1, % 84.4% 98.6% 0.0% 46.2% 79 4, % 0.0% 0.0% 97.1% 33.8% continued Page G - 3

122 Table G- 2 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 2. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB II, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 92 Public Administration 79 6, % 4.6% 0.0% 55.3% 88.7% 61 Educational Services 62 21, % 62.3% 35.1% 63.2% 39.3% 51 Information 53 1, % 33.0% 0.0% 66.7% 75.7% Transportation and Warehousing 47 3, % 25.9% 17.3% 0.0% 50.4% 23 Construction 43 5, % 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 93.7% Management of Companies / Enterprises Other Services (except Public Administration) Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 38 1, % 50.8% 0.0% 59.8% 66.6% 12 3, % 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 100.0% % 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7 1, % 25.0% 0.0% 33.3% 66.7% 22 Utilities % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 21 Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 52 Finance and Insurance 0 2, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 3, , % 24.8% 6.2% 32.3% 51.6% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 4

123 WIB III: Western Virginia Workforce Development Board ( Western Virginia ) Counties: Alleghany County, Botetourt County, Craig County, Franklin County, Roanoke County, Independent Cities: Covington City, Roanoke City, Salem City Table G- 3. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB III Ranked by Estimated Number of Job NAICS Code Industry Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Retail Trade , % 87.4% 80.9% 18.2% 56.6% Health Care and Social Assistance Accommodation and Food Services , % 38.6% 3.8% 60.3% 69.4% , % 72.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Manufacturing , % 3.1% 0.0% 69.4% 65.0% 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services 189 8, % 9.5% 0.0% 62.3% 62.3% 42 Wholesale Trade 184 7, % 0.0% 0.0% 35.6% 60.8% 92 Public Administration 170 5, % 10.6% 3.5% 50.7% 75.7% continued Page G - 5

124 Table G- 3 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 3. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB III, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 61 Educational Services , % 7.3% 0.0% 45.2% 74.1% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 118 2, % 94.1% 94.1% 50.1% 83.9% 23 Construction 106 8, % 44.3% 44.3% 50.1% 70.6% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Transportation and Warehousing 104 7, % 0.0% 0.0% 42.6% 90.4% 102 7, % 7.8% 0.0% 48.1% 94.0% 52 Finance and Insurance 36 6, % 0.0% 0.0% 90.4% 98.8% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 34 5, % 44.1% 0.0% 12.1% 76.2% 51 Information 13 2, % 30.8% 0.0% 47.7% 95.3% Management of Companies / Enterprises Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 8 4, % 100.0% 50.0% 0.0% 100.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22 Utilities % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 0 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 3, , % 46.7% 26.3% 41.2% 61.5% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 6

125 WIB IV: Shenandoah Valley Workforce Investment Board ( Shenandoah Valley ) Counties: Augusta County, Bath County, Clarke County, Frederick County, Highland County, Page County, Rockbridge County, Rockingham County, Shenandoah County, Warren County Independent Cities: Buena Vista City, Harrisonburg City, Lexington City, Staunton City, Waynesboro City, Winchester City NAICS Code 72 Industry Accommodation and Food Services Table G- 4. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB IV Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience , % 84.1% 17.9% 18.0% 44.1% Manufacturing , % 0.0% 0.0% 51.0% 90.1% 23 Construction , % 0.0% 0.7% 45.8% 99.5% Retail Trade , % 52.5% 0.0% 0.0% 94.5% Transportation and Warehousing 257 9, % 17.5% 1.2% 17.3% 80.7% continued Page G - 7

126 Table G- 4 continues here NAICS Code Industry Health Care and Social Assistance Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Table G- 4. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB IV, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience , % 48.6% 3.1% 48.5% 55.1% 122 5, % 88.5% 0.0% 54.4% 55.8% 112 7, % 58.9% 8.0% 44.4% 78.1% 92 Public Administration 110 7, % 14.5% 1.8% 36.1% 64.1% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 70 5, % 32.9% 45.7% 31.7% 95.0% 51 Information 61 3, % 95.1% 0.0% 13.8% 0.0% 61 Educational Services 50 25, % 12.0% 16.0% 80.4% 83.4% 55 Management of Companies / Enterprises 45 2, % 22.2% 0.0% 76.0% 94.8% 42 Wholesale Trade 37 5, % 16.2% 16.2% 45.5% 65.3% 22 Utilities 25 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 38.8% 56.9% 52 Finance and Insurance 23 4, % 60.9% 0.0% 28.0% 28.0% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 19 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 67.3% 50.5% 8 3, % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 94.2% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 3, , % 39.9% 6.2% 32.7% 66.7% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 8

127 WIB VI: Piedmont Workforce Network ( Piedmont ) Counties: Albemarle County, Culpeper County, Fauquier County, Fluvanna County, Greene County, Louisa County, Madison County, Nelson County, Orange County, Rappahannock County Independent Cities: Charlottesville City NAICS Code 62 Industry Health Care and Social Assistance Table G- 5. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VI Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience , % 57.2% 1.4% 80.6% 82.2% 51 Information 430 3, % 0.5% 0.0% 82.7% 47.2% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Accommodation and Food Services 350 9, % 7.7% 0.0% 92.1% 98.4% , % 87.1% 12.9% 11.9% 47.4% Manufacturing 213 7, % 24.4% 14.6% 24.1% 39.2% 23 Construction 164 9, % 41.5% 0.0% 24.1% 76.6% continued Page G - 9

128 Table G- 5 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 5. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VI, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Retail Trade , % 12.4% 8.1% 36.9% 87.5% 61 Educational Services , % 67.4% 33.3% 73.3% 81.1% 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services 125 5, % 8.8% 8.8% 75.6% 24.5% 92 Public Administration 114 6, % 0.0% 0.0% 40.9% 65.4% Transportation and Warehousing Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 88 3, % 27.3% 4.5% 10.8% 48.5% 64 3, % 81.3% 0.0% 26.3% 52.6% 58 2, % 27.6% 0.0% 41.9% 83.8% 42 Wholesale Trade 57 3, % 43.9% 0.0% 36.7% 91.2% 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 54 2, % 0.0% 70.4% 0.0% 98.1% 52 Finance and Insurance 37 3, % 21.6% 0.0% 45.4% 100.0% Other Services (except Public Administration) Management of Companies / Enterprises 23 6, % 100.0% 39.1% 48.8% 48.8% 9 2, % 0.0% 0.0% 78.4% 100.0% 22 Utilities 2 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% 21 Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 3, , % 36.0% 6.1% 55.1% 68.5% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 10

129 WIB VII: Virginia s Region 2000 Partnership ( Region 2000 / Central Virginia ) Counties: Amherst County, Appomattox County, Bedford County, Campbell County Independent Cities: Bedford City, Lynchburg City NAICS Code Industry Accommodation and Food Services Health Care and Social Assistance Table G- 6. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 522 7, % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% , % 34.8% 0.0% 54.8% 51.2% Manufacturing , % 3.5% 1.8% 52.4% 90.3% 92 Public Administration 118 3, % 0.0% 0.0% 8.2% 90.1% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 113 1, % 92.9% 92.9% 21.7% 61.0% Retail Trade 88 12, % 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 100.0% 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 61 5, % 0.0% 0.0% 88.0% 90.8% continued Page G - 11

130 Table G- 6 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 6. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VII, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 61 Educational Services 47 9, % 31.9% 21.3% 45.4% 89.1% 23 Construction 39 5, % 15.4% 15.4% 45.6% 63.8% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Management of Companies / Enterprises Other Services (except Public Administration) 36 1, % 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 50.5% 36 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 22.5% 67.3% 19 2, % 42.1% 0.0% 38.5% 38.4% 51 Information 16 1, % 43.8% 12.5% 60.5% 42.9% Transportation and Warehousing 15 2, % 100.0% 46.7% 0.0% 0.0% 42 Wholesale Trade 14 3, % 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 52 Finance and Insurance 5 3, % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% 22 Utilities % 0.0% 0.0% 50.5% 50.5% Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 3 4, % 100.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 1,717 96, % 52.0% 8.0% 42.8% 72.5% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 12

131 WIB VIII: South Central Workforce Investment Board ( South Central ) Counties: Amelia County, Brunswick County, Buckingham County, Charlotte County, Cumberland County, Halifax County, Lunenburg County, Mecklenburg County, Nottoway County, Prince Edward County Independent Cities: None Table G- 7. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VIII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job NAICS Code Industry Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 92 Public Administration 181 5, % 7.7% 0.0% 54.7% 72.6% Accommodation and Food Services Health Care and Social Assistance Other Services (except Public Administration) Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 180 4, % 0.0% 0.0% 17.9% 99.8% 123 8, % 42.3% 0.0% 32.8% 34.5% 110 1, % 38.2% 0.0% 97.0% 46.6% % 95.6% 94.4% 12.1% 36.3% 23 Construction 58 2, % 19.0% 10.3% 0.0% 100.0% Transportation and Warehousing 40 3, % 82.5% 22.5% 10.4% 15.7% continued Page G - 13

132 Table G- 7 continues here Table G- 7. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB VIII, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job NAICS Code Industry Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Manufacturing 38 5, % 0.0% 0.0% 50.6% 70.7% 61 Educational Services 31 8, % 38.7% 0.0% 64.6% 64.6% 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services % 46.7% 46.7% 93.8% 93.8% Retail Trade 15 6, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 52 Finance and Insurance 8 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 42 Wholesale Trade 5 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 20.2% 92.8% 51 Information % 0.0% 0.0% 33.6% 100.0% Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 4 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22 Utilities % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Management of Companies / Enterprises % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** , % 28.8% 12.3% 42.7% 62.8% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 14

133 WIB IX: Resource: Capital Region Workforce Partnership ( Capital Region ) Counties: Charles City County, Chesterfield County, Goochland County, Hanover County, Henrico County, New Kent County, Powhatan County Independent Cities: Richmond City Table G- 8. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB IX Ranked by Estimated Number of Job NAICS Code Industry Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 92 Public Administration 1,839 32, % 4.6% 1.7% 62.5% 93.5% 42 Wholesale Trade 1,641 21, % 0.0% 0.0% 70.6% 75.0% 72 Accommodation and Food Services 1,328 37, % 74.2% 0.0% 37.2% 37.2% Retail Trade 1,119 54, % 79.8% 44.1% 21.9% 57.5% Health Care and Social Assistance Other Services (except Public Administration) 1,014 71, % 28.1% 0.0% 76.1% 97.7% , % 22.6% 0.0% 45.6% 100.0% 23 Construction , % 0.0% 0.7% 19.5% 100.0% continued Page G - 15

134 Table G- 8 continues here Table G- 8. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB IX, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job NAICS Code Industry Transportation and Warehousing Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience , % 47.0% 0.0% 30.4% 56.8% , % 92.8% 91.4% 48.5% 64.5% , % 35.4% 42.7% 24.6% 100.0% 52 Finance and Insurance , % 0.0% 0.0% 95.4% 52.2% 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services , % 5.6% 0.0% 56.4% 71.1% Manufacturing , % 11.5% 28.3% 37.0% 76.9% 51 Information 230 9, % 0.0% 0.0% 96.4% 99.8% 61 Educational Services , % 70.8% 16.8% 80.1% 99.4% 55 Management of Companies / Enterprises , % 15.3% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 22 Utilities 22 2, % 0.0% 18.2% 56.9% 100.0% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 10 6, % 70.0% 0.0% 30.3% 30.3% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 11, , % 30.6% 11.0% 55.3% 79.1% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 16

135 WIB XI: Northern Virginia Workforce Investment System ( Northern Virginia ) Counties: Fairfax County, Loudoun County, Prince William County Independent Cities: Fairfax City, Falls Church City, Manassas City, Manassas Park City NAICS Code Industry Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Health Care and Social Assistance Table G- 9. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XI Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 2, , % 6.4% 1.4% 82.2% 92.0% 2,399 81, % 60.2% 18.0% 52.4% 63.1% Retail Trade 2,294 97, % 46.2% 29.6% 27.7% 79.5% 92 Public Administration 1,742 45, % 21.6% 1.1% 66.2% 87.1% 72 Accommodation and Food Services , % 62.2% 9.4% 5.1% 20.4% 23 Construction , % 17.1% 0.0% 17.1% 95.2% Transportation and Warehousing , % 30.2% 10.4% 12.6% 67.1% continued Page G - 17

136 Table G- 9 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 9. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XI, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 61 Educational Services , % 51.3% 7.5% 79.2% 79.4% 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services , % 48.0% 0.0% 0.7% 19.0% Manufacturing , % 6.0% 15.1% 63.7% 92.0% 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing , % 52.6% 0.0% 63.4% 93.1% 51 Information , % 8.4% 0.0% 58.2% 78.6% 42 Wholesale Trade , % 4.6% 0.0% 35.8% 77.5% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) , % 14.1% 0.0% 25.7% 92.8% 52 Finance and Insurance , % 0.0% 0.0% 56.4% 69.3% Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Management of Companies / Enterprises , % 60.2% 16.4% 39.7% 86.0% , % 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% 22 Utilities 77 3, % 2.6% 14.3% 23.1% 76.5% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction % 0.0% 0.0% 93.5% 93.5% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 14, , % 32.3% 9.9% 51.1% 75.7% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 18

137 WIB XII: Alexandria / Arlington Workforce Investment Board ( Alexandria / Arlington ) Counties: Arlington County Independent Cities: Alexandria City NAICS Code Industry Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Other Services (except Public Administration) Table G- 10. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 1,861 54, % 27.8% 0.0% 95.9% 95.9% , % 0.0% 0.0% 81.7% 85.5% 92 Public Administration , % 2.1% 2.8% 77.1% 83.6% Health Care and Social Assistance Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services , % 27.9% 10.6% 84.7% 91.2% , % 22.2% 41.9% 0.0% 100.0% 52 Finance and Insurance 134 6, % 14.9% 0.0% 62.4% 88.0% 61 Educational Services , % 11.8% 6.7% 94.3% 94.3% 51 Information 84 6, % 0.0% 4.8% 100.0% 100.0% continued Page G - 19

138 Table G- 10 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 10. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XII, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Retail Trade 77 17, % 42.9% 18.2% 0.0% 42.9% Management of Companies / Enterprises Transportation and Warehousing 58 4, % 34.5% 3.4% 60.0% 85.0% 57 11, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 42 Wholesale Trade 55 3, % 5.5% 0.0% 85.5% 72.2% 72 Accommodation and Food Services 53 22, % 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% Manufacturing 27 2, % 37.0% 0.0% 62.0% 98.9% Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 27 3, % 66.7% 0.0% 40.4% 60.5% 23 5, % 39.1% 0.0% 39.5% 61.4% 23 Construction 18 5, % 50.0% 0.0% 66.3% 66.3% 22 Utilities 15 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 67.3% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 0 n.d. 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 4, , % 18.7% 4.8% 80.8% 90.3% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. n.d. = Non- disclosed data Page G - 20

139 WIB XIII: Bay Consortium Workforce Investment Board ( Bay Consortium ) Counties: Accomack County, Caroline County, Essex County, King and Queen County, King George County, King William County, Lancaster County, Mathews County, Middlesex County, Northampton County, Northumberland County, Richmond County, Spotsylvania County, Stafford County, Westmoreland County Independent Cities: Fredericksburg City NAICS Code Industry Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Table G- 11. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XIII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience , % 50.9% 0.0% 66.3% 75.1% 261 2, % 85.8% 59.0% 9.3% 55.5% 245 9, % 51.1% 0.0% 39.1% 55.6% Manufacturing 240 8, % 28.3% 23.8% 28.1% 64.5% 72 Accommodation and Food Services , % 61.8% 61.8% 0.0% 38.1% 92 Public Administration , % 15.7% 0.0% 65.1% 91.0% continued Page G - 21

140 Table G- 11 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 11. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XIII, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Retail Trade , % 75.2% 0.0% 49.7% 49.7% 61 Educational Services 55 17, % 38.2% 9.1% 65.4% 61.2% Transportation and Warehousing 54 4, % 48.1% 22.2% 20.2% 59.8% 22 Utilities % 0.0% 0.0% 20.2% 80.7% 23 Construction 24 7, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 96.2% Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Other Services (except Public Administration) 23 4, % 34.8% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 15 5, % 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 33.7% 52 Finance and Insurance 11 7, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 51 Information 6 1, % 66.7% 0.0% 50.5% 50.5% 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 3 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 42 Wholesale Trade 2 4, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Management of Companies / Enterprises Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 2 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 84.0% 0 2, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 1, , % 50.4% 19.1% 37.7% 64.3% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 22

141 WIB XIV: Peninsula Council for Workforce Development ( Greater Peninsula ) Counties: Gloucester County, James City County, York County Independent Cities: Hampton City, Newport News City, Poquoson City, Williamsburg City Table G- 12. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XIV Ranked by Estimated Number of Job NAICS Code Industry Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Retail Trade , % 18.0% 0.0% 2.8% 63.7% Health Care and Social Assistance Other Services (except Public Administration) , % 63.7% 3.7% 40.5% 80.6% 390 6, % 3.6% 3.6% 5.5% 99.8% 92 Public Administration , % 24.5% 15.4% 37.8% 90.7% 72 Accommodation and Food Services , % 8.5% 81.4% 3.5% 95.3% 23 Construction 315 9, % 8.9% 0.0% 10.1% 44.1% 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services , % 14.2% 0.0% 100.0% 95.4% continued Page G - 23

142 Table G- 12 continues here NAICS Code Industry Transportation and Warehousing Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Table G- 12. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XIV, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 153 5, % 35.3% 0.0% 10.0% 78.7% , % 0.0% 12.0% 86.0% 86.0% 51 Information 91 3, % 34.1% 0.0% 58.9% 58.9% 22 Utilities 84 1, % 14.3% 0.0% 39.8% 92.9% 61 Educational Services 70 23, % 37.1% 11.4% 78.8% 82.4% Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Management of Companies / Enterprises 59 8, % 23.7% 50.8% 83.0% 83.0% 55 2, % 0.0% 0.0% 67.6% 100.0% Manufacturing 30 28, % 3.3% 0.0% 42.4% 86.0% 42 Wholesale Trade 16 4, % 0.0% 0.0% 10.1% 44.9% 52 Finance and Insurance 6 3, % 0.0% 0.0% 47.2% 94.2% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 5 4, % 0.0% 0.0% 53.0% 100.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 3, , % 23.0% 11.3% 27.5% 79.2% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 24

143 WIB XV: Crater Regional Workforce Investment Group ( Crater Region ) Counties: Dinwiddie County, Greensville County, Prince George County, Surry County, Sussex County Independent Cities: Colonial Heights City, Emporia City, Hopewell City, Petersburg City NAICS Code 62 Industry Health Care and Social Assistance Table G- 13. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XV Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience , % 40.1% 1.0% 74.2% 82.4% 92 Public Administration 202 7, % 18.3% 9.9% 47.5% 87.8% Transportation and Warehousing Accommodation and Food Services Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 95 4, % 34.7% 0.0% 9.7% 55.7% 95 5, % 85.3% 0.0% 0.0% 75.9% 68 2, % 50.0% 44.1% 46.8% 93.5% % 0.0% 0.0% 11.7% 92.9% % 67.3% 76.4% 13.6% 61.1% continued Page G - 25

144 Table G- 13 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 13. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XV, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 52 Finance and Insurance 46 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 87.7% 100.0% Manufacturing 41 6, % 22.0% 56.1% 13.5% 47.9% 55 Management of Companies / Enterprises % 47.4% 0.0% 50.4% 100.0% Retail Trade 35 9, % 40.0% 20.0% 40.4% 40.4% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 28 2, % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 99.1% 23 Construction 13 2, % 53.8% 0.0% 85.8% 100.0% 61 Educational Services 13 5, % 0.0% 0.0% 59.7% 35.3% 42 Wholesale Trade 11 2, % 0.0% 0.0% 78.4% 100.0% 21 Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction % 0.0% 10.0% 80.8% 70.6% 22 Utilities 7 1, % 28.6% 0.0% 45.4% 90.8% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 3 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 94.3% 94.3% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 51 Information % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 1,219 68, % 37.7% 10.4% 53.6% 81.2% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 26

145 WIB XVI: Opportunity Inc. - Hampton Roads Workforce Development Board ( Hampton Roads ) Counties: Isle of Wight County, Southampton County Independent Cities: Chesapeake City, Franklin City, Norfolk City, Portsmouth City, Suffolk City, Virginia Beach City NAICS Code 62 Industry Health Care and Social Assistance Table G- 14. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XVI Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 1,200 65, % 36.8% 4.1% 58.3% 85.4% Retail Trade 1,106 60, % 33.5% 0.0% 29.3% 49.6% Other Services (except Public Administration) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Accommodation and Food Services Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Transportation and Warehousing , % 1.1% 0.0% 76.8% 94.7% , % 2.8% 2.8% 81.6% 100.0% , % 79.8% 0.0% 0.0% 36.1% , % 86.7% 48.8% 14.6% 77.3% , % 34.8% 0.0% 42.8% 93.0% continued Page G - 27

146 Table G- 14 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 14. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XVI, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience Manufacturing , % 13.5% 5.6% 45.2% 93.9% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 339 8, % 78.8% 66.7% 47.4% 94.3% 92 Public Administration , % 1.8% 0.0% 39.7% 85.7% 61 Educational Services , % 47.3% 7.1% 76.2% 59.8% 22 Utilities 194 2, % 4.1% 0.0% 10.9% 79.6% 23 Construction , % 0.0% 0.0% 10.0% 76.6% 42 Wholesale Trade , % 0.0% 0.0% 69.6% 93.4% 52 Finance and Insurance , % 13.8% 0.0% 31.7% 80.5% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Management of Companies / Enterprises 140 9, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 108 6, % 7.4% 0.0% 41.3% 86.8% 51 Information 83 9, % 38.6% 0.0% 40.5% 70.4% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction % 18.2% 72.7% 33.6% 67.2% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 7, , % 32.1% 8.1% 39.1% 74.6% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 28

147 WIB XVII: West Piedmont Workforce Investment Board ( West Piedmont ) Counties: Henry County, Patrick County, Pittsylvania County Independent Cities: Danville City, Martinsville City NAICS Code Industry Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Table G- 15. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XVII Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 226 5, % 1.8% 1.8% 0.0% 67.2% 144 1, % 83.3% 72.9% 53.8% 79.9% Manufacturing , % 14.9% 0.0% 64.1% 86.4% 92 Public Administration 129 3, % 14.0% 0.0% 8.0% 75.2% 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 99 10, % 57.6% 10.1% 57.6% 65.7% 51 Information % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.4% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation % 96.4% 72.7% 20.2% 52.1% 61 Educational Services 45 7, % 28.9% 8.9% 62.5% 79.3% Transportation and Warehousing 34 2, % 14.7% 0.0% 10.1% 81.9% continued Page G - 29

148 Table G- 15 continues here NAICS Code Industry Table G- 15. Job Vacancy Data by Industry WIB XVII, continued Ranked by Estimated Number of Job Estimated Number of Job Annual Employ- ment (2011) Job Vacancy Rate* Part- Time Temporary or Seasonal Education Beyond HS / GED Related Work Experience 23 Construction 25 2, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% 72 Accommodation and Food Services 22 4, % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 99.4% 42 Wholesale Trade 21 2, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 96.1% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 18 1, % 38.9% 38.9% 48.5% 48.5% Retail Trade 13 8, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 99.2% Management of Companies / Enterprises Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction % 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 58.8% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22 Utilities % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 52 Finance and Insurance 0 1, % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total All Industries** 1,060 67, % 30.6% 16.1% 36.6% 73.2% Source:. Virginia Employment Commission (Economic Information Services Division / Labor Market and Demographic Analysis) and Virginia Commonwealth University * The Job Vacancy Rate for each industry group was calculated by dividing the number of estimated vacancies by the sum of total employment plus estimated vacancies. ** Note: Due to rounding, the Total - All Industries amounts may not be equal to the sum of all industries. Page G - 30