Sweden Pal Martensson from the City of Goteborg Sweden. 9,4 million inhabitants 450 000 km 2
Goteborg a fast growing sustainable city Sweden s second city Scandinavia s largest port Car and truck industry 525 000 inhabitants 243 000 households 80% flats 49 000 villas/houses 30 juni 2014
Waste and recycling services At the household Combustible waste Biodegradable waste (optional) Varying service for bulky waste, packaging, paper, batteries, hazardous and Ca:330 Recycling Stations Packaging paper, plastic. metall, glas newspapers 10 Hazardous Waste Collection Points and mobile unit Hazardous and small electronic waste textile 5 Recycling Centres Bulky waste, garden waste, electrical and hazardous waste, reusable items, textile. etc electronic waste, batteries
Household waste collection Bins and compacting garbage trucks standard collection system Vacuum systems for more than 70 000 inhabitants Undergound containers Methane/electric hybrid vehicles in the truck fleet (Volvo/Norba)
Food waste collection in Göteborg
The increase in food waste collection is made by: More resources for customer contacts A change from charging by volume to charging by weight A subsidized tarrif for food waste A change in collection from one-family houses, once a week to every second week
We together - are aiming towards an environmentally correct and sustainable waste management, for the benefit of society. This is a very important question to discuss from many different point of view, this a crucial choice we have to do. Incineration, landfill, recycling, reusing, circular economy mm.
Total recycling is a big vision - it means not wasting anything. Waste is proof that something is wrong in the society, it s a true evidence. You can try burn it or bury it but still it s an evidence of a society that's not sustainable. Waste means that there are product made that are wrong, we need a redesign of these products so they will fit in to a modern sustainable world.
Waste - a resource Treatment of household waste in Sweden, 2011 (%) WE HAVE TO DO Landfill Energy recovery Biological treatment Recycling (material) MUCH BETTER!
THIS WAY PLEASE Waste treatment hierarchy Careful and enviromental consumption Reduce Reuse Alelyckan Recycling Energy utilisation Landfill
Unique results??? 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Recycling (material) Biological treatment Energy recovery Landfill 20 10 0 Sweden 2010 EU 2010 USA 2010
Kg/cap EU 27 Progression from disposal to prevention to recycling in EU 27 600 EUROSTAT DATA PROGRESSION RESOURCE EFFICIENCY ROADMAP 500 400 300 198 210 215 201 201 200 218 235 250 264 276 287 304 320 200 100 324 314 298 301 302 300 267 235 205 176 149 123 101 80-2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Recycling & composting Disposal (landfill + incineration)
The development
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Important steps of development Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes) 1600000 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 Producers responsibility introduced Municipal waste planning compulsory Landfill tax introduced Ban on landfill of combustible waste Ban on landfill of organic waste and national target on food waste On-going national overview
Authorities and agencies National level Parliament National environmental targets The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency National waste plan Produces national legislation and guidelines National environmental courts (5 plus one superior): Gives permissions to larger treatment plants Regional level County Administrative Board - government authority (21 counties): Regional environmental targets Permissions and control for most treatment plants Supervision of the regional treatment capacity Municipal level Municipal authorithies: Local enviroenmental targets Local waste plans and regulations Permissions and control of smaller treatment plants
Overview model Housholds or companies Waste prevention New products: Biogas, new materials, district heating, electricity, bio-fertilizer Collection and transport Recycling stations Recycling centers Curbside collection Materialrecycling Biological recycling Energy recovery Landfill
Public awarness - a success factor Key messages and tools for motivation and to facilitate collaboration: Communication Development of self instructive systems Feed back of the results and that what I do matters Emphasize on the waste holders responsibility and participation
Waste prevention in Sweden 99 % material recycling or energy recovery today more focus on waste prevention Information, knowledge and behaviour success factors Long tradition of reuse through flymarkets, second hand, collection at recycling parks, etc Largest challenge: decoupling between generated waste and economic growth Generated household waste in Sweden is predicted to double 2010-2030 (Swedish EPA) Generated waste world wide is predicted to rise with 72 % 2010-2025 (What a Waste-A global review of Solid Waste Management, mars 2012, World Bank Group)
Infrastructure Collection of waste from households based on source separation Curb side collection 630 manned drop-off recycling centers 5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off stations Treatment and recycling of waste based on the charcter of the waste 58 organic waste facilities 32 waste to energy plants 79 landfills
Recycling centers
Recycling and treatment Different treatment methods depending on the character of the waste, makes it possible to use the waste as a resource Materials Food waste Combustible waste New products Biogas Biofertilizer District heating Electricity
From landfills to modern recycling facilities (Illustrator: Per Josefsson)
The An integrated only part thing of a holistic we system need to take out of the circle is Products toxic stuff. Farms Material Households recycling Sewage water cleaning But on the other hand we Biosolids Waste should, of course not Anaerobic digestion Vehicle fuel bring it into the Landfill Incineration Biogas IF we circle! are Cooling/ Zero heating production Waste NO NEED FOR BURNING OR BURY That s ZERO WASTE! Electricity Other fuels production
Waste economy Municipal waste: All costs covered by municipal waste fees (not by taxes) Tariffs decided by each municipal board Non-profit Allowed to be differentiated to encourage source separation for recycling Municipal waste within producers responsibility: Costs covered by a fee added to the price of every product
Waste fee Average yearly fee per household 2013: Houses: 250 EUR Flats: 160 EUR Average daily fee per household 1,50 Real
Important success factors Waste management is a public service Clear division of roles and responsibilities enable necessary investments Clear national environmental targets showing the direction Long-term regulations and economical steering instruments Co-operation between municipalities Co-operation within municipalites (Waste-, Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc departements) Collaboration between public and private sectors Focus on communication and public engagement
Avfall Sverige s vision Zero waste! Long-term goals until 2020: Decoupling between generated waste and economic growth Strong upward movement in waste hierarchy Economic growth Generated waste BN P
Why a recycling/reusing/eco-park? Our introduction concept was: Gothenburgers' new amusement park for reusers and recyclers
Drop off what you want to get rid off and buy what you need Inaugurated 5 May 2007 Total area of 30,000 square meters Total cost 4 million euro
Eighty percent of the buildings are reused. They have been brought in from other facilities and built up again in the park Construction time : March 2006 to April 2007.
The visitors first arrive at the sortingstation Sorting station where all visitors are met by recycling-park staff and invited to donate any of their items that may be suitable for sale in one of the secondhand shops. Most visitors are pleasantly surprised to be offered this opportunity.
Rooflift! Entrance Communication Hazardous waste Electronic waste Donated materials
Whitewares are left outside the station
Stadsmissionen shop here the visitors can choose from a wide range of second-hand products
furniture fashion
or knick-knacks and household goods
Återbruket is for recycling of construction materials.
Återbruket for those looking for used construction materials
Returhuset creative forces that do exciting things with re-used materials
Bike repair at Returhuset
We play on the heart strings when marketing the ecocycle park It should be a pleasure and easy to Donate Buy second-hand Sort one's waste Understand our system
A few facts about the eco-cycle park About: 300-400 visitors per day Turn over: 2013 1,2 milj.euro Create work opportunities for about 25 people very important, green jobs More than 130 guidings from Sweden and more than 50 different countries have visited our Park We, the park and Gothenburg makes a difference Free soil, bag and spade from the city's own composting plant to the young ones!
Are we influencing people's behaviour? Many come just to donate. They stop at the sorting station and drive out again, without visiting the recycling centre Because we ask ACTIVELY if the visitor has something to donate, we encourage such behavior and more things are left for reuse. We educate people, learning by doing
Zero Waste is more the journey, then the destination! There is no AWAY! It s always someothers backyard!
Thank YOU! pal.martensson@kov.goteborg.se Facebook: Twitter: Linkedin: pal martensson, Sweden @MartenssonPal Pal Martensson, Sweden