Biogas as a grid stabilising power source By Bruno Sander Nielsen
Joint biogas plants Farm scale biogas plants Consultants Energy sector Sub-suppliers Secretariat: Chairman: N.J. Pedersen Secr.: Bruno Sander Nielsen Constructors Research Agriculture Waste handling
Biogas plants February 24 2010 Not only for production of renewable energy But a multifunctional tecnology for Renewable energy and energy supply security Sustainable agricultural development Environmental protection Rural development
25 years of Danish biogas experience Manure - from a farmers problems to an opportunity for the whole society
Number of plants Danish biogas plants February 24 2010 22 centralised biogas plants 60 farm scale biogas plants Joint and farmscale biogas plants 2003 Manure Organic residues Total 1.742.156 t 450.708 t 2.192.864 t
Biogas - in principle February 24 2010 Manure Organic waste Biogas Plant Digested biomass Renewable energy
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Efficient heat and power: 220 % transportation: 167 % Cheap 0 to 6 $ kg CO2eq per ton biomass 100 90 7 80 70 60 43 50 40 30 20 40 10 0 Fossil fuel substitution CO2 eq Methane N2O
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Win-win situation increased gas production tipping fee reduced costs for industry other types of biomass: energy crops animal by-products glycerine from biodiesel Type of waste Tonnes Gut and stomach content 110000 Fat / flotation sludge 71000 Feeding factories 10000 Fish industry 50000 Fruit and vegetables 3600 Breweries 800 Bakeries 1900 Dairies 29000 Pectin industry 7000 Bleech earth 17000 Tanneries 2300 Pharmaceutical industry 20500 Concentrated fat waste 2600 Waste from water supply 1600 Other industrial waste 10000 Sewage sludge 20000 Household and catering waste 17000 Total 374300 Joint biogas plants 2002
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Redistribution of manure 10 km from livestock farmers to plant producers farm to field tractors to lorries 20-30 km distance
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Kg/ton Utilisation of organic waste Redistribution of manure Organic fertiliser declarated nutrient content Total N: 5,0 NH4-N: 4,0 P: 0,9 K: 2,8 free of pathogens and weed seeds
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Redistribution of manure Wind direction Raw manure Digested manure Organic fertiliser Smell from slurry reduced 5 minutes thinner liquid disperses quicker into soil 12 hours
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Utilisation of Nitrogen in winter wheat Redistribution of manure Organic fertiliser Smell from slurry reduced Improved nitrogen utilisation Reduced risk of leaching 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Cattle slurry Pig slurry Digested slurry Liquid fraction
Biogas - in principle February 24 2010 Sustainable agricultural production, food supply and export Manure Recovery of nutrients and energy content Organic Biogas Plant waste Digested biomass Redistribution and improved utilisation of nutrients Protection of aquatic environment, less smell Renewable energy Energy supply security Power, heat, transportation Global warming
Biogas production and potential 45 40 PJ 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2007 Potential 5 pct. of total energy cons. 20 25 % of natural gas 20 25 % of transportation Landfill gas Garden waste Household/food waste Meat and bone meal Industrial waste import Industrial waste Danish Sewage sludge Manure Kilde: Energistyrelsen
Government Green Growth Plan 2009 Promotion in biogas through From currently 5 % to 50 % of manure into biogas in 2020 Co-ordination plan for construction of biogas plants Plan for integration of biogas into the energy sector Obligation for municipalities to point out where to build plants Distribution in natural gas grid on equal terms as direct co-generation Equal opportunities for biogas to earn money as natural gas suppliers Financing 20 % construction subsidy (in total 300 mill. DKK from 2010 to 2012) 60 % loans guaranteed by municipalities 20 % from investors
Perspectives Biogas perspectives and challenges Huge potential (manure, organics) Climate protection, energy supply Decentralised infrastructure Export of know-how and technology February 24 2010 Existing centralised plants Required new plants (ex) Challenges Huge increase in production Development based on experience Less waste dependent plants Integration in energy sector Ressource primarily in Jutland Map: Con Terra
Stable and flexible power Biogas plant Gas production Continous, stable and predictable Up/down regulation through seasons Gas utilisation Adaptation to demand Storage on biogas plant Injection into gas grid
Summary February 24 2010 Biogas plants gives advantages For humans and environment For industry and employment A co-ordinated solution for multifunctional challenges for society: global, regional, local and individual
30 years of incentives in Denmark Society Decrease dependency on imported fossil fuel Protection of drinking and surface waters Decrease emission of greenhouse gases Agriculture Improved utilisation and storage capacity Relations to neighbours Redistribution of manure Extraction of surplus of nutrients Development promoted by Legislation regarding handling of manure and energy Subsidies for research, demonstration, documentation, etc. Framework conditions: construction subsidy and premium price for electricity
Farmers advantages February 24 2010 Better relations to neighbours Improved nutrient value Redistribution of nutrients Removal of excess of nutrients Handles all manure from small and large farmers Delivers more goods to society than just food
Societal advantages February 24 2010 Energy security (supply and predictability) Greenhouse gas reduction Protection of aquatic environment Rural life quality (smell) Pathogen reduction Optimal biomass utilisation Recovery of scarce nutrients
Utilisation of biogas February 24 2010 Substitute of natural gas co-gen. Fits into decentralised structure Direct in local co-generation CHP Cheap and simple - if the heat can be utilised Distribution through natural gas grid Upgrading necessary - expensive Improved utilisation of heat Transportation Most efficient biofuel Gas infrastructure needed
Conclusion February 24 2010 Biogas is an opportunity for agriculture to meet their own challenges (environment, climate, acceptance) while contributing to solve societal challenges (climate, less fossil dependent energy supply, security of energy supply etc.) Biogas plants converts efficiently biomass into quality energy manure, waste from industry, households, natural habitats to be used for power, heat and transportation Biogas fits into both decentralised structure and whole grids conversion in small scale plants utilisation in local communities or national grids (power, gas) Development is dependent on long term steady framework conditions co-operation between many stake holders
Thank you for your attention www.biogasbranchen.dk bsn@lf.dk