Integrated surveillance and control programme for West Nile virus and malaria in Greece (MIS 365280) Mosquitoes surveillance data Persa Tserkezou University of Thessaly Annita Vakali Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention www.ygeia-pronoia.gr Co-funding by European Union www.epanad.gov.gr www.espa.gr
Outline Part A Mosquitoes surveillance in Greece (2012-2013) Sampling method and repeatability Surveillance data Association of West Nile Virus with Culex spp populations Part B Focused mosquitoes surveillance in Attica (2012-2013) Sampling method and repeatability Entomological surveillance results Association of West Nile Virus with Culex spp populations
Overview of adult mosquitoes surveillance in Greece Integrated adult mosquitoes surveillance Funded by Hellenic Center for Disease Control & Prevention (HCDCP) Duration: May - October 2012 Three subcontractors Eco-Development Bio-applications Axiven Apolymantiki Surveillance of: 7 Regions (31 Regional Units) Overall 290 adult mosquito traps were placed. Focused adult mosquitoes surveillance Duration: June October 2013 Private companies participated voluntarily (no funding by the Project) Eco-Development Bio-applications Bioapplications Eleftheriou Axiven o Surveillance of 5 Regions (15 Regional Units) HCDCP, University of Thessaly and Benaki Phytopathological Institute enforced the surveillance Surveillance of 3 Regions (5 Regional Units) About 100 adult mosquito traps were placed.
Mosquito trap placement 2012 Subcontractors Eco-development Region Central Macedonia East Macedonia - Thrace Total number of traps 60 (initial plan: 50) 32 (initial plan: 25) Mosquito trap number per Regional Unit Imathia (10) Kilkis (7) Thessaloniki (12) Pella (10) Chalkidiki (7) Pieria (7) Serres (7) Evros (5) Kavala (8) Rhodope (7) Xanthi (12) Attica 58 (initial plan: 30) Bio-applications Axiven - Apolymantiki Central Greece Thessaly Peloponnese Epirus 30 (initial plan: 20) 47 (initial plan: 30) 33 (initial plan: 30) 20 (as planned) Phthiotis (4) Boeotia (9) Euboea (9) Phocis (1) Aetolia Acarnania (7) Trikala (14) Larissa (11) Karditsa (16) Magnesia (6) Corinthia (9) Laconia (4) Arcadia (4) Messenia (5) Argolis (5) Elia (3) Achaea (3) Arta (5) Ioannina (5) Thesprotia (5) Preveza (5)
Mosquito trap data 2013 Subcontractors Region Mosquito trap number per Regional Unit Eco-development Bio-applications HCDCP Bio-applications Bio-aaplications Eleftheriou Axiven Benaki Phytopathological Institute Axiven Central Macedonia Attica Imathia Thessaloniki Chalkidiki Serres Kilkis Pella Pieria Central Greece Phthiotis Boeotia Dodecanese Euboea Aetolia Acarnania Laconia Messinia Rhodes University of Thessaly Thessaly Larissa Magnesia Phocis
Mosquito trap placement
Sampling method and frequency Traps CO2 traps Traps with dry ice Light traps Sampling frequency From May to June: From September to October From July to August Every 20 days Every 15 days
Recording form completed by companies Trap recording form Adult mosquito recording form
Data recording in database Data of trap recording Data form of mosquito recording form
Percentage of infected mosquitoes % Percentage Standard deviation of adult mosquitoes Data analysis Percentage of traps caught mosquitoes in Central Macedonia 300,00 Number of adult mosquitoes in Central Macedonia 100,00 90,00 250,00 80,00 70,00 200,00 60,00 50,00 150,00 40,00 100,00 30,00 20,00 50,00 10,00 0,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819 Sampling (date) Sampling (date) Percentage of infected mosquitoes in total number of traps placed in Central Macedonia 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 0,00 Total Culex Aedes Anopheles Other Sampling (date)
Mosquito population synthesis Data analysis Mosquito population synthesis per Region 2013 2012 Σύνθεση του συνόλου των κουνουπιών που συνελήφθηκαν 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 100% A B 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Pelopo- Attica Αττική Central Στ. Ελλάδα Thessaly Θεσσαλία Αν. Thrace Μακ. Μακεδονία Macedonia Πελ/νησος nese Greece Θράκη Ήπειρος Iperus Anopheles Aedes Culex Άλλο Anopheles Aedes Culex
Data analysis Average number of mosquitoes per month per Region Central Greece Thessaly Μέσος αριθμός ατόμων ± Τ.Σ. 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Μάιος Ιούνιος Ιούλιος Αύγουστος Σεπτέμβριος Οκτώβριος Culex Aedes Anopheles Μέσος αριθμός ατόμων ± Τ.Σ. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Μάιος Ιούνιος Ιούλιος Αύγουστος Σεπτέμβριος Οκτώβριος Culex Aedes Anopheles East Macedonia - Thrace Μέσος αριθμός ατόμων ± Τ.Σ. 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Μάιος Ιούνιος Ιούλιος Αύγουστος Σεπτέμβριος Οκτώβριος Culex Aedes Anopheles
Data analysis Sequence chart of mosquito population with human cases Lag = 1 Cross correlation: 0.562 Lag = 1 Cross correlation: 0.831 Lag = 1 Cross correlation: 0.658
Culex Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Anopheles Aedes Other
Conclusions of Part A Advantages Mosquito surveillance of most importance Mosquito increased abundance could be an indicator of human infection risk Disadvantage Use of different types of mosquito traps Integrated or focused mosquito surveillance?
Part B Focused mosquito surveillance in Attica (2012-2013) Background: Human cases of WNV infection in Attica region 30 cases in 2011 43 cases in 2012 35 cases in 2013 Limited data regarding mosquito population and species abundances within the region Inclusion of Attica region in the active mosquito surveillance system protocol
Aim Estimation of mosquito population and abundances in Attica region in correlation with WNV human cases in Attica Communication of the results of the study to Regional Units of Attica to adjust the vector control programs
Overview of adult mosquitoes surveillance in Attica region Integrated adult mosquitoes surveillance Funded by Hellenic Center for Disease Control & Prevention (HCDCP) Duration: May - October 2012 One subcontractor Bio-applications Surveillance of all the Regional Units Overall 290 adult mosquito traps were placed. Focused adult mosquitoes surveillance Duration: May October 2013 HCDCP implemented the surveillance Bio-applications company participated voluntarily (no funding by the Project) About 100 adult mosquito traps were placed.
Mosquito trap placement 2012 Bioapplications company placed 58 CO2 traps traps (initial plan 30) at fixed monitoring stations Sampling frequency From May to June From September to October From July to August Every 20 days Every 15 days
Mosquito trap data 2013 Focused adult mosquitoes surveillance Duration: June July 2013 One subcontractor Bio-applications Surveillance of: 1 Regional Unit: West Attica Sampling repeatability/ Trap type: Every 15 days/ CO2 trap Overall 24 adult mosquito traps were placed at fixed monitoring stations. Focused adult mosquitoes surveillance Duration: May October 2013 HCDCP implemented the surveillance Number of traps placed depended on the human WNVD cases Sampling repeatability/ Trap type: Every 10-15 days (not fixed time intervals)/ CDC CO2 trap About 100 adult mosquito traps were placed.
Entomological surveillance results, Attica, 2012 Total 6231 mosquitoes, 70.6% Culex spp.
Entomological surveillance results, Attica, 2013 Total 3659 mosquitoes, 95.35% Culex pipiens 97 85 63 45 Culex pipiens Aedes albopictus Culiseta longiareolata Aedes cretinus Anopheles claviger Culiseta subochrea Anopheles sacharovi Anopheles superpictus 3489
Distribution of mosquito traps (yellow pins)- Human WNVD cases (blue pins), Attica 2013
Data analysis Average number of mosquitoes per month, Attica 2013 60 50 40 30 Culex spp Aedes spp Anopheles spp Culiseta spp 20 10 0 May June July August September
Data analysis Sequence charts of mosquito population with human cases, Attica 2012-2013 Lag = 1 Cross correlation: 0.460
Conclusions of Part B Culex pipiens the most abundant species Highest populations in July Some affected areas were not included in the study Mosquito increased abundance could be an indicator of human infection risk Future actions: Sustainable entomological surveillance program should be established (both fixed and non-fixed monitoring stations) Standarization of the information flow
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