Experimenteel natuurbeheer en biodiversiteit van natte heide Even voorstellen... Chopperen Biodiversiteit natte heide
Overview Matthijs Courbois Courbois Flora & Fauna Expert Ecologisch advies Inventarisaties Flora- & faunawet
Overview Matthijs Courbois JNM, Bos- en Natuurbeheer Wageningen Universiteit Onderzoek natuurwetgeving, onderwijs, bodemfauna, insecten,
Which species should we count? Improving an indicator species approach for biodiversity conservation in wet heathlands Matthijs Courbois Courbois Flora & Fauna Expert Together with: Prof. Dr. Ir. Michiel Wallis de Vries (Laboratory for Entomology WUR, Butterfly Conservation) Dr. Ir. Elmar Veenendaal (Nature Conservation and Plant ecology WUR)
Wetenschappelijk probleem Doelen natuurbeheer Ecosysteem Habitat kwaliteit Biodiversiteit Soorten Welk doel is het beste?
Alternatieven voor plaggen Natte heide [Ericetum tetralicis] Vermesting, alleen Molinia Problemen met plaggen Verstoring Opslag Alleen Erica tetralix
Methoden: Experimental design Experimental block design 8 behandelingen: Plaggen Chopperen Drukbegrazing Controle All +- Kalkkorrels
Experimental design Kampina en Strabrechtse heide 1,5 jaar na behandeling 20x20m, 3 blocks op beide locaties
Experimental design Kampina en Strabrechtse heide 1,5 jaar na behandeling 20x20m, 3 blocks op beide locaties
Experimental design Tellingen: Dagvlinders & Sprinkhanen Mieren Spinnen & Loopkevers Planten en mossen Structuur: kale bodem, vegetatie hoogte Micro-topographie
Experimental design Tellingen: Dagvlinders & Sprinkhanen Dagtelling Mieren Wijnbuisjes Spinnen & Loopkevers Potvallen Planten en mossen Opname Structuur: kale bodem, hoogte
Voorlopige resultaten
Beste indicatorsoorten voor biodiversiteit in natte heides Correction for location differences R = 0.633 P < 0.000 Soort species group Rode Lijst Veenmier ants Germany Aardhommel s.l. bees no Heidewitvlakvlinder moths yes Levendbarende hagedis reptiles yes Bont dikkopje butterflies yes Klokjesgentiaan plants yes
Best MSG With the knowledge of today... Correction for location differences R=.633 P=.000 species species group RL Original MSG Formica picea ants Germany yes Bombus cf. terrestris bees no no Orgyia antiquoides moths yes no Zootoca vivipara reptiles yes yes Carterocephalus palaemon butterflies yes yes Gentiana pneumonanthe plants yes yes
Monitoring Soort of Habitatkwaliteit: soort als indicator habitatkwaliteit EU Habitat richtlijn: meer kleine soorten SNL monitoring: meer soortgroepen, in 2 veldrondes
Multispecies approach Problem Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3??? Species 5??? Species 7
Species traits Life history analyses (Van Noordwijk et al 2012, Verberk et al. 2013) Trait group A Trait group B Trait group C Bottlenecks for species occurrence Species group
Improving MSG Species traits come in Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Ecosystem attribute Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Trait group A Species 5 Trait group B Species 7 Spe Species group A Species group B
Multispecies approach In theory Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 4 Species 5 Species 6 Species 7 Indicator species proxy for habitat quality
Multispecies approach In theory Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 4 Species 5 Species 6 Species 7 Indicator species proxy for habitat quality
Multispecies approach Compile species group (Maes & Van Dyck 2005, Hilty & Merenlender 2000) 1. Select ecosystem attributes 2. List potential species 3. Select intermediate rare species 4. List info on biology, environment of species 5. Select a species group
Multispecies approach Problem Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3??? Species 5??? Species 7
Species traits Life history analyses (Van Noordwijk et al 2012, Verberk et al. 2013) Trait group A Trait group B Trait group C Bottlenecks for species occurrence Species group
Combining methods Scientific research question: Can the indicator species approach be improved by integrating trait groups, for a successful assessment of the impact of restoration management on wet heathland invertebrates?
Improving MSG Species traits come in Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Ecosystem attribute Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Trait group A Species 5 Trait group B Species 7 Spe Species group A Species group B
Multispecies approach Compile species group (Maes & Van Dyck 2005, Hilty & Merenlender 2000) 1. Select ecosystem attributes 2. List potential species 3. Select intermediate rare species 4. List info on biology, environment of species 5. Select a species group
My multispecies group Step 1 Ecosystem attributes: bare soil micro-topography young trees and bushes purple moor grass (Molinia caerula) vegetation diversity flower diversity
Results My multispecies group MSG Step 1 Ecosystem attributes: bare soil (Van Loon et al. 2004) micro-topography (Jensen et al. 2003) young trees and bushes (Bakker et al. 2012) purple moor grass (Molinia caerula), (Weeda et al. 2000) vegetation diversity (Van der Berg et al. 2003) flower diversity (Reemer et al. 2012)
My multispecies group MSG Species Trophic level Mobility Sensitive for Ecosystem attributes and stressors Formica picea Insectivore Small Purple moorgrass, Intensive management Myrmica gallieni Insectivore Intermediate Microtopography, Vegetation diversity wet zone Microtopography, Open patches, Intensive Myrmica ruginodis Insectivore Intermediate management Maculinea alcon Herbivore High Open patches, Vegetation diversity Ochlodes sylvanus Herbivore High Purple moorgrass, Older vegetation Plebeius argus Herbivore High Vegetation diversity Metrioptera brachyptera Omnivore Intermediate Vegetation diversity Gentiana pneumonanthe Plant (Autotrophic) Low Open patches Trichophorum cespitosum Plant (Autotrophic) Low Vegetation diversity wet zone Zootoca vivipara Insectivore Intermediate Older vegetation, Vegetation diversity
My multispecies group MSG Species Trophic level Mobility Sensitive for Ecosystem attributes and stressors Formica picea Insectivore Small Purple moorgrass, Intensive management Myrmica gallieni Insectivore Intermediate Microtopography, Vegetation diversity wet zone Microtopography, Open patches, Intensive Myrmica ruginodis Insectivore Intermediate management Maculinea alcon Herbivore High Open patches, Vegetation diversity Ochlodes sylvanus Herbivore High Purple moorgrass, Older vegetation Plebeius argus Herbivore High Vegetation diversity Metrioptera brachyptera Omnivore Intermediate Vegetation diversity Gentiana pneumonanthe Plant (Autotrophic) Low Open patches Trichophorum cespitosum Plant (Autotrophic) Low Vegetation diversity wet zone Zootoca vivipara Insectivore Intermediate Older vegetation, Vegetation diversity Added Trait groups Flower visitors Herbivore High Flower diversity F strategy ants Insectivore Intermediate Open patches, Microtopography, Vegetation diversity wet zone
MSG performance Species group Total spp. Wet Heathland Ants 17 2 Butterflies 31 5 Carabid beetles 78 9 Grasshoppers 17 3 Plants & Mosses 131 15 Spiders 51 16 Other 28 6 Totaal 274 40 Correlation MSG Basic
MSG performance Species group Total spp. Wet Heathland Ants 17 2 Butterflies 31 5 Ground beetles 78 9 Grasshoppers 17 3 Plants & Mosses 131 15 Other 28 6 Totaal 274 40 Correlation MSG Basic R = 0.327 P = 0.026
MSG Basic MSG performance MSG with Trait groups R = 0.327 P = 0.026 R = 0.406 P = 0.005
Main Conclusion The addition of trait groups is an improvement for the indicator species approach
MSG Basic Plant MSG MSG with Trait groups MSG Correlation Significance df Basic MSG 0.327 0.026 44 MSG with trait groups Plant MSG R = 0.406 P = 0.010 0.406 0.005 44 0.295 0.047 44
Best MSG With the knowledge of today... Correction for location differences R = 0.633 P < 0.000 species species group RL Original MSG Formica picea ants Germany yes Bombus cf. terrestris bees no no Orgyia antiquoides moths yes no Zootoca vivipara reptiles yes yes Carterocephalus palaemon butterflies yes yes Gentiana pneumonanthe plants yes yes
Best MSG With the knowledge of today... Correction for location differences R=.633 P=.000 species species group RL Original MSG Formica picea ants Germany yes Bombus cf. terrestris bees no no Orgyia antiquoides moths yes no Zootoca vivipara reptiles yes yes Carterocephalus palaemon butterflies yes yes Gentiana pneumonanthe plants yes yes
MSG Basic MSG performance MSG with Trait groups ns. R=.406 P=.005 Weighted integration 01 method integration R=.361 P=.014
Discussion: Best MSG Selection process 1. Select ecosystem attributes 2. List potential species 3. Select intermediate rare species 4. List info on biology, environment of species 5. Select a species group
Best MSG Proposed changes in selection process 1. List moderately rare species from as many different species groups as possible 2. Skip the ones that are too hard to sample 3. Select a species group, preferably with Red Listed or endangered species if possible
Monitoring Species vs. Ecosystem EU Habitat directive Dutch SNL
Monitoring Species vs. Ecosystem: multispecies indicator approach EU Habitat directive: more small species Dutch SNL: more species groups
Main Conclusions The addition of trait groups is an improvement for the indicator species approach
Main Conclusions The addition of trait groups is an improvement for the indicator species approach Improved MSG better than Plant MSG Suggestion: simplify selection process MSG Use more species groups
The End Thank to: Remco Versluijs, Kim Huskens, Joost Vogels, Emiel Brouwer, Isabel Lammes
MSG Method of integration Correlatio n Significance df Basic MSG - 0.327 0.026 44 MSG with trait groups weigthed data 0.406 0.005 44 MSG with both trait groups occurence data 0.361 0.014 44 MSG with trait group F ants weigthed data 0.390 0.007 44 MSG with trait group Flower visitors weigthed data 0.346 0.019 44 MSG with trait groups F ants, Flower visitors and Cicindela beetles weigthed data 0.403 0.005 44 MSG with trait group Cicindela weigthed data 0.323 0.029 44 Plant MSG - 0.295 0.047 44