Ecosystem services, biodiversity and aesthetic delight
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1 Ecosystem services, biodiversity and aesthetic delight Dr Nigel Dunnett Professor, Vegetation Technology Director, The Green Roof Centre, University of Sheffield
2 Zurich Central Train Station Erinus alpinus
3 Zurich Central Train Station Erinus alpinus
4 Zurich Central Train Station Erinus alpinus
5 Sustainable Green Roofs: Low resource inputs No or minimal irrigation High biodiversity value High aesthetic appeal Applies to both extensive and intensive contexts Focus on vegetation selection and designed plant communities
6 Starting Points Create flower-rich green roofs with dramatic aesthetic appeal Non-native plant species have value to native fauna (invertebrates, birds) Aesthetic approach to ecology incorporate social perception A diversity of approaches to green roof design, depending on context, creates diverse green roof ecosystems
7 Water Rainwater management Water conservation Climate Change Biodiversity Pollinators Ecosystem services Nature conservation Diverse flower-rich green roofs Well-Being Beauty Health Community
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10 Vegetation Selection Local/regional habitats with similar environmental conditions to the rooftop scenario in the region, including urban habitats World habitats with similar environmental conditions to the rooftop scenario
11 Dry Meadow, Crete Bob Gibbons
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14 Pulsatilla vulgaris
15 Pulsatilla vulgaris
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17 Primula veris
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20 Delivered by CIRIA and Livingroofs.org One Bishops Square Allen & Overy September
21 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham June 2007
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32 Silene uniflora
33 Green Roof Plants Native Habitats Silene uniflora
34 Dianthus arenarius
35 Dianthus arenarius
36 Green Roof Plants Native Habitats Sedum acre
37 Green Roof Plants Native Habitats Echium vulgare
38 Echium vulgare
39 Zurich Central Train Station Erinus alpinus
40 Lotus corniculatus
41 Zurich Central Train Station Erinus alpinus
42 Dianthus carthusianorum
43 e Veronica spicata, Sedum reflexum, Dianthus carthusianorum
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45 e Sedum reflexum, Plantago lanceolata, Allium flavum
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47 Plant trials, University of Sheffield
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50 Objectives EU Marie-Curie Green Roof Systems To develop and implement a rigorous and standardized plant screening programme for green roofs test potential plant species for diverse, selfsustaining, and low-input green roof vegetation focus on survival of moisture stress at different depths of growing medium.
51 Comprehensive database on green roof plants genera, category, uses Evaluation of new potential species and cultivars Evaluation of new vegetation mixes Evaluation of establishment and maintenace techniques i.e seeding of green roof vegetation
52 3 substrate depths (50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm) 3 irrigation regimes (high water stress, moderate water stress, low water stress) Standardised growing medium (crushed brick, composted bark)
53 Cross-Gradient Design Increasing moisture supply Increasing depth
54 Plant Screening Approximately 200 species trialled in total in first tranche of work. Data collection March - November 2011 Survival Growth and performance indicators Flowering Health/aesthetic Detailed information on germination from seed
55 Specific groups of species included: e.g N.European native plant species (forbs) Succulent species (Sedum, Delosperma) Grasses Short bulbs Specific genera such as Dianthus, Silene, Pulsatilla, Tulipa, Scilla
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58 Green Roof Plant Trials, June 2011
59 Green Roof Plant Trials, June 2011
60 Rain Shelters to remove natural rainfall
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65 Water Rainwater management Water conservation Climate Change Biodiversity Pollinators Ecosystem services Nature conservation Diverse flower-rich green roofs Well-Being Beauty Health Community
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67 Habitat Mosaics Maximum ecological opportunities within an ecosystem
68 Green Infrastructure Green Roofs and Biodiversity
69 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Green Infrastructure Definition: A link in an interconnected network of green elements Function: enable movement and flow of species, connection of populations, provision of food, shelter and other resources. Not species specific Connectivity Linkage Character: Rooftop Green
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72 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Green Infrastructure Biodiversity Hotspots
73 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Biodiversity Hotspots Definition: Resource-rich Service Stations Function: provide a range of resources (food, water, shelter) for generalist species and specific groups Character: Flower-rich, high species-diversity, high vegetation structural diversity, topographical diversity, substrate diversity. Specific habitat features.
74 Fukuoka building, Japan
75 Sheffield Case Studies Sharrow School, Sheffield Completed July 2007 Sheffield City Council Architect Cath Basilio Green Roof Design Nigel Dunnett Roof top Wilderness urban nature garden
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82 Linaria purpurea
83 Anthmis tinctoria, Echium vulgare
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87 Delivered by CIRIA and Livingroofs.org One Bishops Square Allen & Overy September
88 Graves S, Shapiro M Exotics as host plants of the California butterfly fauna. Biological Conservation 110: % of all the native butterfly species of California oviposited or fed on exotic plant species, with many more using them as nectar sources. The presence of exotic plants had enabled some butterfly species to extend their geographical ranges, and to extend their flight seasons.
89 Fleishman E, Macnally R, Murphy D D Relationships among non-native plants, diversity of plants and butterflies, and adequacy of spatial sampling. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 85: Impact of non-native plant species on the species-richness of native butterfly populations in Nevada the impact of non-native plant species was found to be negligible. The greatest positive impact was general availability of nectar, followed by total species richness of the vegetation (whether native or non-native).
90 Smith R M, Gaston K J, Warren P H, Thompson K Urban domestic gardens (IX): Composition and richness of the vascular plant flora, and implications for native biodiversity. Biological Conservation 129: Vegetation factors that promote greatest faunal biodiversity are Structural diversity of the vegetation Species-richness of the vegetation
91 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham
92 Delivered by CIRIA and Livingroofs.org One Bishops Square Allen & Overy September
93 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham July 2007
94 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham July 2007
95 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham July 2007
96 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham July 2007
97 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham July 2007
98 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham July 2007
99 Moorgate Crofts, Rotherham July 2007
100 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Green Infrastructure Hotspots Target Species/Grou ps
101 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Target Species/Groups Definition: Provision of specific requirements for defined species and groups of species (i.e bird species, invertebrates, plants etc) Function: Provision of specific requirements for food, shelter, reproduction of target species. Importance of Biodiversity Life Cycle Analysis Biodiversity Action Plans Target Species, Red Data Book Species Indicator Species Character: Biodiverse Roofs. Living Roofs. Topographical Diversity, Substrate Diversity, Specific Habitat Features
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104 Biodiversity Life Cycle Analysis
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114 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Green Infrastructure Hotspots Target Species/Grou ps Habitat Creation/Rest oration Ecology
115 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Target Species/Groups Definition: Creation of target habitats/plant communities/ecosystems Function: Creation of specific habitats and plant communities including key plant species. Related to local geology and habitats Restoration Ecology Habitat Creation Local Distinctiveness Sense of Place Character: Meadows, wetlands, urban post-industrial, coastal
116 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Meadows (linked to soil type/geology) Dry neutral Calcareous Acid Wetland Habitats Coastal Urban skeletal/post industrial
117 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Green Infrastructure Hotspots Target Species/Grou ps Habitat Creation/Rest oration Ecology
118 Green Roofs and Biodiversity Native Plant Species Native Plant Community Habitat Features Water/Wetl and Local substrate Green Infrastructure Hotspots Target Species/Grou ps * ** *** * *** ** ** *** ** * ** * ** ** Habitat Creation/Rest oration Ecology
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