2015 CLASS RESULTS FOR BLOOD PRESSURE LAB. PART I: Changes in Posture

2015 CLASS RESULTS FOR BLOOD PRESSURE LAB PART I: Changes in Posture The results presented for changes in posture are raw data that have OT been corrected for body weight, gender, etc. Raw Class Data for Changes in Posture: Std. Error Sitting bp 340 89.16973.704288 Sitting hr 341 77.5766.71537 Prone bp 342 86.77646.642122 Prone hr 342 71.140.6684 Stand 10 sec bp 342 92.10841.843745 Stand 10 sec hr 341 81.631.7686 Stand 5 min bp 340 93.15707.925757 Stand 5 min hr 340 82.597.7652 Stand 7 min bp 340 91.4079.74601 Stand 7 min hr 340 85.791 3.1057 Stand 9 min bp 340 90.22737.639323 Stand 9 min hr 339 85.198 3.1492 ote: = sample size Std Error = Standard Error of the mean = (standard deviation)/(n-1) = a measure of variation around the mean. Blood Pressure: PROE is significantly different from all others. SITTIG is significantly different from STADIG at 10 seconds and 5 minutes. STADIG at 5 minutes is different from STADIG at 7 minutes and 9 minutes. o other differences are statistically significant. Heart Rate: PROE is significantly different from all others. SITTIG is significantly different from all others. STADIG at 10 seconds and at 5 minutes are both different from STADIG at 7 minutes and 9 minutes. o other differences are statistically significant. 1

PART II. Responses to Exercise A. Effect of Exercise and Recovery: Before analyzing both the blood pressure and heart rate data for this section, I statistically removed the effects of GEDER, WEIGHT, AGE, TIME OF DAY, and CODITIO so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. The key for Exercise Level is: 0 = sitting on cycle before exercise 1 = moderate exercise 2 = heavy exercise 3 = recovery 2 min 4 = recovery 3 min 5 = recovery 4 min 6 = recovery 6 min 7 = recovery 8 min A1. Blood Pressure. EXER.00 92.1661.71763 338 1.00 109.7574.81934 338 2.00 116.2870.81074 337 3.00 101.3467.77859 337 4.00 99.7026.88058 336 5.00 97.7166.71833 337 6.00 95.4596.70303 337 7.00 95.4786.69194 332 Blood pressure at Exercise Level 0 is statistically significantly different from Levels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Blood pressure at Exercise Level 1 is statistically significantly different from all other levels. Blood pressure at Exercise Level 2 is statistically significantly different from all other levels. Blood pressure at Exercise Level 3 is statistically significantly different from all levels except 4, 5. Blood pressure at Exercise Level 4 is statistically significantly different from Levels 0, 1, 2, 6, 7. Blood pressure at Exercise Level 5 is statistically significantly different from Levels 0, 1, 2. Blood pressure at Exercise Level 6 is statistically significantly different from Levels 1, 2, 3, 4. Blood pressure at Exercise Level 7 is statistically significantly different from Levels 1, 2, 3, 4. 2

A2. Heart Rate. EXER.00 78.7044.72243 338 1.00 92.6926 1.08211 338 2.00 112.3693 1.39358 337 3.00 92.7294.92061 337 4.00 90.6553.88354 336 5.00 90.0240.78545 337 6.00 88.2614.82074 337 7.00 86.5217.78297 332 HR at Exercise level 0 is statistically significantly different from all other levels. HR at Exercise level 1 is statistically significantly different from Levels 0, 2, and 7. HR at Exercise level 2 is statistically significantly different from all other levels. HR at Exercise level 3 is statistically significantly different from Levels 0, 2, 7 HR at Exercise levels 4 and 5 are statistically significantly different from Levels 0, 2. HR at Exercise level 6 is statistically significantly different from Levels 0, 2. HR at Exercise level 7 is statistically significantly different from Levels 0, 1, 2, 3. 3

B. The effect of different variables on blood pressure and heart rate. For each level of exercise and recovery, I analyzed blood pressure and heart rate using all the information we collected about each person and each lab: body weight, gender, time of day of lab, age and physical condition. BMI and height were not used because in this data set (i.e., mostly young and fit people) there is a high correlation among BMI, height and weight, so I chose to use weight as the representative variable for body size. In addition, nearly everyone in the class had a BMI in the normal range, i.e., there were very few individuals in the underweight or overweight ranges, which makes it problematic to use in statistical analyses. Weight, time of day, and age are continuous variables, and gender is a categorical variables (e.g., gender can only be 0 or 1 and although we identified females as gender 0, we could have done it the opposite way). In the analysis these types of variables are treated differently, so in the results below you will find the mathematical relationship between bp and hr and continuous variables, but will only see whether categorical variables had a significant effect and by how much. The results of the analyses for all exercise and recovery levels for blood pressure and heart rate are summarized below, and then are used to decide on what other analyses would be interesting to conduct in subsequent sections. B1. Blood Pressure. 1) At rest (Exercise level 0) weight and time of day are the only statistically significant predicators of blood pressure relative to all other variables measured. The mathematical relationship between weight, which was the most significant predictor, and blood pressure is that for every increase of 10 lbs bp goes up 1.1 points. BP goes up with time of day an average of 0.76 points per hour. 2) At moderate exercise (Exercise level 1) weight is the only statistically significant predicator of blood pressure relative to all other variables measured. The mathematical relationship between weight and blood pressure is that for every increase of 10 lbs bp goes up 1.4 points. 3) At heavy exercise (Exercise level 2) weight and time of day are the only statistically significant predicators of blood pressure relative to all other variables measured. The mathematical relationship between weight, which was the most significant predictor, and blood pressure is that for every increase of 10 lbs bp goes up 1.1 points. BP goes up with time of day an average of 1.0 points per hour. 4) At 2 minutes recovery (Exercise level 3) weight, time of day and condition are the only statistically significant predicator of blood pressure relative to all other variables measured. The mathematical relationship between weight and blood pressure is that for every increase of 10 lbs bp goes up 1.2 points; BP goes down with increasing condition (i.e., more fit students have a lower bp) approximately 2.5 points each from poor fitness to good fitness and from good fitness to excellent fitness. BP goes up with time of day an average of 1.0 points per hour. 5) At 3 minutes recovery (Exercise level 4) weight and time of day are the only statistically significant predicators of blood pressure relative to all other variables measured. The mathematical relationship between weight, which was the most significant predictor, and blood pressure is that for every increase of 10 lbs bp goes up 1.0 points. BP goes up with time of day an average of 0.66 points per hour. 6) At the 4 min recovery time (Exercise level 5) weight, and time of day are statistically significant predicators of blood pressure relative to all other variables measured with weight being the strongest predictor. The mathematical relationship between each of these variables and blood pressure is that for every increase of 10 lbs bp goes up 0.8 points. BP goes up with time of day an average of 0.91 points per hour. 4

7) At the 6 min recovery time (Exercise level 6) weight, condition and time of day are the statistically significant predicators of blood pressure relative to all other variables measured. The mathematical relationship between weight and blood pressure is that for every increase of 10 lbs bp goes up 0.53 points, for every hour later in the day bp goes up an average of 0.66 points, and BP goes down with increasing condition (i.e., more fit students have a lower bp) approximately 2.0 points each from poor fitness to good fitness and from good fitness to excellent fitness. 8) At the 8 minute recovery time (Exercise level 7) weight, condition and time of day are the statistically significant predicators of blood pressure relative to all other variables measured. The mathematical relationship between weight and blood pressure is that for every increase of 10 lbs bp goes up 1.0 points, for every hour later in the day bp goes up an average of 0.69 points, and BP goes down with increasing condition (i.e., more fit students have a lower bp) approximately 2.6 points each from poor fitness to good fitness and from good fitness to excellent fitness. The above analyses show that weight consistently has effects on blood pressure under all situations. Gender never shows effects in any situations, nor does age. Time of day also has consistent effects; other studies also suggest important time of day effects. Condition also has effects. Analyses presented in section C and later address the effects of these variables on blood pressure in more detail. B2. Heart Rate. 1) At rest (Exercise level 0), condition and gender are the only statistically significant predicators of heart rate relative to all other variables measured. HR is lower students in better physical condition, decreasing 6.7 beats per minute (bpm) each from poor fitness to good fitness and from good fitness to excellent fitness. HR is lower in females by 4.2 beats per minute. 2) At moderate exercise (Exercise level 1), weight and condition are the only statistically significant predicators of heart rate relative to all other variables measured. HR is lower students in better physical condition, decreasing 10.3 bpm each from poor fitness to good fitness and from good fitness to excellent fitness. HR increases.77 bpm for every 10 lb increase in weight. 3) At heavy exercise (Exercise level 2), condition is the only statistically significant predicators of heart rate relative to all other variables measured. HR is lower students in better physical condition, decreasing 9.4 bpm each from poor fitness to good fitness and from good fitness to excellent fitness. 4) At all recovery times (Exercise levels 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), condition is the only statistically significant predicator of heart rate relative to all other variables measured. HR is lower students in better physical condition, and declines from poor fitness to good fitness and from good fitness to excellent fitness 6.9 bpm for level 3, 6.4 bpm for level 4, 6.9 bpm for level 5, 6.1 bpm for level 6, and 6.1 bpm for level 7. These results on heart rate clearly show the effect of physical condition, therefore additional analysis presented below focus in more detail on the effect of condition on heart rate. 5

C. Effects of Gender on BP without Considering the Effect of Body Weight Before analyzing these data, I statistically removed the effects of AGE, CODITIO and TIME OF DAY, so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. WEIGHT was not taken into account. (OTE: GEDER = 0 = FEMALE; GEDER = 1 = MALE). BP differs significantly between females and males for Exercise levels 0, 1, 2, and 3. See page 2 of this document for a key to EXER level. BPRES EXER gender.00.0 91.2311.78201 266 1.0 95.6307 1.88266 72 Total 92.1683.73969 338 1.00.0 108.8870 1.00042 266 1.0 112.9837 1.45783 72 Total 109.7596.85035 338 2.00.0 114.9072.91291 265 1.0 121.4209 1.87836 72 Total 116.2989.83392 337 3.00.0 100.5019.91611 265 1.0 104.5047 1.57689 72 Total 101.3571.79925 337 4.00.0 99.0070 1.07119 265 1.0 102.1757 1.42432 71 Total 99.6766.89875 336 5.00.0 97.3755.85043 265 1.0 98.9754 1.37327 72 Total 97.7173.73025 337 6.00.0 95.1773.83654 265 1.0 96.5022 1.43334 72 Total 95.4603.72526 337 7.00.0 95.1236.83364 260 1.0 96.7491 1.29193 72 Total 95.4761.71053 332 6

D. Effects of Gender on BP during Exercise considering the effect of WEIGHT. Before analyzing these data, I did a pre-analysis in which I statistically removed the effects of WEIGHT, AGE, CODITIO, and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. (OTE: GEDER = 0 = FEMALE; GEDER = 1 = MALE). BP does not differ signficantly between females and males at any exercise level when body weight is taken into consideration. See page 2 of this document for a key to EXER level. BPRES EXER gender.00.0 91.9527.76492 266 1.0 92.9492 1.86075 72 Total 92.1650.71970 338 1.00.0 109.6085.96682 266 1.0 110.3023 1.50071 72 Total 109.7563.82449 338 2.00.0 115.6211.90053 265 1.0 118.7395 1.87162 72 Total 116.2874.81489 337 3.00.0 101.2199.89764 265 1.0 101.8232 1.57529 72 Total 101.3488.78106 337 4.00.0 99.7376 1.05398 265 1.0 99.5778 1.42350 71 Total 99.7038.88313 336 5.00.0 98.1060.83028 265 1.0 96.2939 1.39646 72 Total 97.7189.71805 337 6.00.0 95.9078.80874 265 1.0 93.8207 1.44718 72 Total 95.4619.70770 337 7.00.0 95.8612.80933 260 1.0 94.0677 1.29577 72 Total 95.4722.69364 332 7

E. Effect of Condition on Heart Rate. Before analyzing these data, I statistically removed the effects of GEDER, AGE, WEIGHT, and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. A statistically significant result means at least two of the three groups are significantly different from each other. (OTE: CODITIO = 0 = POOR; CODITIO = 1 = GOOD; CODITIO = 2 = VERY GOOD). HR differs signficantly among condition groups at all exercise levels. HRRES EXER condition.00.0 82.5190 1.80492 54 1.0 77.8628.97774 211 2.0 69.5244 1.21360 73 Total 76.8058.75711 338 1.00.0 99.1487 2.75293 54 1.0 92.0666 1.42838 211 2.0 80.9354 2.38986 73 Total 90.7940 1.16018 338 2.00.0 116.8339 3.53513 54 1.0 112.3581 1.69848 211 2.0 100.3254 3.45568 72 Total 110.5045 1.44058 337 3.00.0 95.1672 2.39802 54 1.0 92.2663 1.18743 210 2.0 83.4833 2.01374 73 Total 90.8286.96317 337 4.00.0 91.9341 2.45877 53 1.0 90.5312 1.12209 210 2.0 81.3052 1.93189 73 Total 88.7481.92730 336 5.00.0 93.0756 2.26631 53 1.0 89.3060 1.01421 211 2.0 81.0998 1.58627 73 Total 88.1212.83079 337 6.00.0 90.1794 2.38966 53 1.0 87.6377 1.06010 211 2.0 79.8874 1.60923 73 Total 86.3586.85781 337 7.00.0 89.5001 2.34328 53 1.0 85.3223 1.00801 206 2.0 78.9902 1.53117 73 Total 84.5969.82084 332 8

F. Effect of Gender on Heart Rate with body weight statistically removed. Before analyzing these data, I statistically removed the effects of AGE, WEIGHT, CODITIO and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. HR differs signficantly between females and males at Exercise level 0 only. (OTE: GEDER = 0 = FEMALE; GEDER = 1 = MALE). See page 2 of this document for a key to EXER level. HRRES EXER gender.00.0 77.8584.84800 266 1.0 72.8932 1.32148 72 Total 76.8007.73188 338 1.00.0 90.9448 1.27085 266 1.0 90.2126 2.35937 72 Total 90.7889 1.11784 338 2.00.0 110.5872 1.53982 265 1.0 110.0460 3.36193 72 Total 110.4715 1.40548 337 3.00.0 91.1674 1.04794 265 1.0 89.5668 2.09095 72 Total 90.8254.93657 337 4.00.0 88.5041.98293 265 1.0 89.7468 2.14452 71 Total 88.7667.89684 336 5.00.0 88.4305.89876 265 1.0 87.0112 1.77840 72 Total 88.1273.80179 337 6.00.0 86.3098.95420 265 1.0 86.5668 1.70296 72 Total 86.3647.83277 337 7.00.0 84.5986.92203 260 1.0 84.6640 1.58065 72 Total 84.6128.79823 332 9

G. Effect of Gender on Heart Rate. Before analyzing these data, I statistically removed the effects of AGE, CODITIO and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. WEIGHT was OT removed so that the effects of differences in WEIGHT between females and males are retained. HR differs signficantly between females and males at Exercise level 0 only with all other factors except WEIGHT removed (OTE: GEDER = 0 = FEMALE; GEDER = 1 = MALE). See page 2 of this document for a key to EXER level. HRRES EXER gender.00.0 77.6745.84941 266 1.0 73.5764 1.32455 72 Total 76.8015.73047 338 1.00.0 90.7610 1.27700 266 1.0 90.8959 2.35394 72 Total 90.7897 1.12154 338 2.00.0 110.4053 1.53935 265 1.0 110.7292 3.36039 72 Total 110.4745 1.40495 337 3.00.0 90.9845 1.04568 265 1.0 90.2500 2.10131 72 Total 90.8275.93552 337 4.00.0 88.3180.98477 265 1.0 90.4088 2.14825 71 Total 88.7598.89927 336 5.00.0 88.2444.90021 265 1.0 87.6945 1.78019 72 Total 88.1269.80244 337 6.00.0 86.1236.95652 265 1.0 87.2500 1.70953 72 Total 86.3643.83538 337 7.00.0 84.4107.92328 260 1.0 85.3473 1.58135 72 Total 84.6138.79947 332 10

H. Effect of Condition on Blood Pressure. Before analyzing these data, I statistically removed the effects of AGE, GEDER, WEIGHT and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. The only effect of condition on blood pressure with all other factors removed is at levels 6 and 7. BPRES EXER condition.00.0 93.9104 1.88694 54 1.0 92.0419.90340 211 2.0 91.2368 1.55626 73 Total 92.1665.72161 338 1.00.0 110.9499 2.43699 54 1.0 108.9842.96724 211 2.0 111.1123 1.86139 73 Total 109.7578.82219 338 2.00.0 114.1412 2.13394 54 1.0 116.7181 1.00125 211 2.0 116.6658 1.82246 72 Total 116.2940.81239 337 3.00.0 104.5386 2.58098 54 1.0 101.1866.94161 210 2.0 99.4632 1.44927 73 Total 101.3504.78532 337 4.00.0 100.7350 2.16979 53 1.0 100.1393 1.18043 210 2.0 97.6830 1.61081 73 Total 99.6996.88502 336 5.00.0 98.7438 2.10364 53 1.0 98.1686.87985 211 2.0 95.6632 1.49288 73 Total 97.7164.71951 337 6.00.0 97.7842 2.21495 53 1.0 95.9418.88894 211 2.0 92.3771 1.21943 73 Total 95.4594.71186 337 7.00.0 99.3452 2.68001 53 1.0 95.4970.75899 206 2.0 92.5810 1.25273 73 Total 95.4701.69954 332 11

I. Effect of Time of Day on Blood Pressure. Before analyzing these data, I statistically removed the effects of WEIGHT, CODITIO, AGE, and GEDER so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. Time of Day had a significant effect on blood pressure at Exercise levels 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. (ote: TOD = 1 = Morning, TOD = 2 = Afternoon, TOD = 3 = evening.) BPRES EXER TOD.00 1.00 90.2054 1.23821 128 2.00 91.6292 1.13428 95 3.00 94.7922 1.31196 115 Total 92.1661.72753 338 1.00 1.00 108.8829 1.46846 128 2.00 110.7154 1.55122 95 3.00 109.9395 1.23849 115 Total 109.7575.82133 338 2.00 1.00 112.6454 1.22725 128 2.00 118.3317 1.60921 94 3.00 118.6708 1.44323 115 Total 116.2876.82556 337 3.00 1.00 98.0580 1.25286 128 2.00 103.2791 1.34357 95 3.00 103.4193 1.44678 114 Total 101.3434.79090 337 4.00 1.00 98.6594 1.65345 127 2.00 100.2472 1.61483 95 3.00 100.4209 1.25841 114 Total 99.7060.88249 336 5.00 1.00 94.6975 1.27781 128 2.00 99.1273 1.18956 95 3.00 99.9208 1.21472 114 Total 97.7132.72852 337 6.00 1.00 93.4578 1.05642 128 2.00 95.5017 1.40135 95 3.00 97.6620 1.27801 114 Total 95.4562.71437 337 7.00 1.00 93.3551.99092 124 2.00 94.9764 1.14800 95 3.00 98.2484 1.43702 113 Total 95.4845.70313 332 12

J. Effect of Time of Day on Heart Rate. Before analyzing these data, I statistically removed the effects of WEIGHT, CODITIO, AGE, and GEDER so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. Time of Day did not have a significant effect on heart rate at any Exercise level. (ote: TOD = 1 = Morning, TOD = 2 = Afternoon, TOD = 3 = evening.) HRRES EXER TOD.00 1.00 76.0063 1.28368 128 2.00 76.7667 1.39280 95 3.00 77.7113 1.11688 115 Total 76.8001.72964 338 1.00 1.00 87.9438 1.87210 128 2.00 93.5456 2.06442 95 3.00 91.6765 1.87261 115 Total 90.7883 1.11988 338 2.00 1.00 110.7797 2.37262 128 2.00 106.2686 2.60064 94 3.00 113.5635 2.32738 115 Total 110.4714 1.40782 337 3.00 1.00 90.0219 1.63140 128 2.00 91.2035 1.65825 95 3.00 91.3989 1.56201 114 Total 90.8208.93686 337 4.00 1.00 86.6873 1.46133 127 2.00 89.5509 1.68463 95 3.00 90.4324 1.54870 114 Total 88.7676.90080 336 5.00 1.00 86.4477 1.33508 128 2.00 89.3193 1.49271 95 3.00 89.0114 1.35437 114 Total 88.1244.80341 337 6.00 1.00 84.1899 1.35320 128 2.00 88.4035 1.57471 95 3.00 87.0991 1.42143 114 Total 86.3618.83528 337 7.00 1.00 82.6179 1.34677 124 2.00 86.8561 1.41367 95 3.00 84.9479 1.37331 113 Total 84.6237.80019 332 13

K. Effects of Gender on BP in different positions considering the effect of WEIGHT. Before analyzing these data, I did a pre-analysis in which I statistically removed the effects of WEIGHT, AGE, CODITIO, and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. (OTE: GEDER = 0 = FEMALE; GEDER = 1 = MALE). BP does not differ signficantly between females and males in any position when body weight is taken into consideration. POSITIO Key: 101 = sitting, 102=prone, 103=stand10sec, 104=stand5min, 105=stand7min, 106=stand9 min. BPRES POSITIO gender 101.00.0 89.3229.75331 265 1.0 88.2706 1.33112 71 Total 89.1005.65688 336 102.00.0 87.0474.69528 266 1.0 85.9136 1.26922 72 Total 86.8059.60999 338 103.00.0 91.4775.79898 264 1.0 93.6876 1.55139 72 Total 91.9511.71101 336 104.00.0 92.5622.85717 264 1.0 92.5989 1.62349 72 Total 92.5701.75692 336 105.00.0 91.6103.81070 264 1.0 90.3846 1.54710 72 Total 91.3476.71755 336 106.00.0 90.1917.68313 262 1.0 89.5067 1.34160 72 Total 90.0440.60818 334 14

L. Effects of Gender on BP in different positions OT considering the effect of WEIGHT. Before analyzing these data, I did a pre-analysis in which I statistically removed the effects of AGE, CODITIO, and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. (OTE: GEDER = 0 = FEMALE; GEDER = 1 = MALE). BP only differs signficantly between females and males at standing for 10 sec (Position 103) when body weight is OT taken into consideration. POSITIO Key: 101 = sitting, 102=prone, 103=stand10sec, 104=stand5min, 105=stand7min, 106=stand9 min. BPRES POSITIO gender 101.00.0 88.5754.79668 265 1.0 91.0057 1.35943 71 Total 89.0890.69212 336 102.00.0 86.2942.71641 266 1.0 88.6657 1.30695 72 Total 86.7994.63014 338 103.00.0 90.7267.81159 264 1.0 96.4397 1.56674 72 Total 91.9509.73088 336 104.00.0 91.8269.88038 264 1.0 95.3510 1.65517 72 Total 92.5821.78023 336 105.00.0 90.8502.83197 264 1.0 93.1367 1.57798 72 Total 91.3402.73667 336 106.00.0 89.4531.68998 262 1.0 92.2588 1.38881 72 Total 90.0579.62076 334 15

M. Effects of Gender on HR in different positions considering the effect of WEIGHT. Before analyzing these data, I did a pre-analysis in which I statistically removed the effects of WEIGHT, AGE, CODITIO, and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. (OTE: GEDER = 0 = FEMALE; GEDER = 1 = MALE). HR differs signficantly between females and males in position 101 and 102 when body weight is taken into consideration. POSITIO Key: 101 = sitting, 102=prone, 103=stand10sec, 104=stand5min, 105=stand7min, 106=stand9 min. HRRES POSITIO gender 101.00.0 78.3273.76237 265 1.0 74.5488 1.50486 71 Total 77.5289.68435 336 102.00.0 71.9859.73975 266 1.0 67.6597 1.18843 72 Total 71.0643.64136 338 103.00.0 82.1455.85946 264 1.0 79.2292 1.36576 72 Total 81.5205.73799 336 104.00.0 83.0768.81074 264 1.0 80.5625 1.56579 72 Total 82.5380.72109 336 105.00.0 83.3256.79532 264 1.0 80.3403 1.64615 72 Total 82.6859.71953 336 106.00.0 82.8341.79695 262 1.0 80.4930 1.42755 72 Total 82.3294.69781 334 16

. Effects of Gender on HR in different positions OT considering the effect of WEIGHT. Before analyzing these data, I did a pre-analysis in which I statistically removed the effects of AGE, CODITIO, and TIME OF DAY so that those variables are not confounding the results presented below. (OTE: GEDER = 0 = FEMALE; GEDER = 1 = MALE). HR differs signficantly between females and males in position 102 when body weight is taken into consideration. POSITIO Key: 101 = sitting, 102=prone, 103=stand10sec, 104=stand5min, 105=stand7min, 106=stand9 min. HRRES POSITIO gender 101.00.0 78.1866.76539 265 1.0 75.0636 1.50543 71 Total 77.5267.68486 336 102.00.0 71.8441.74168 266 1.0 68.1777 1.19340 72 Total 71.0631.64111 338 103.00.0 82.0041.86248 264 1.0 79.7471 1.37087 72 Total 81.5205.73943 336 104.00.0 82.9384.81219 264 1.0 81.0805 1.57552 72 Total 82.5403.72206 336 105.00.0 83.1826.79536 264 1.0 80.8583 1.65659 72 Total 82.6845.71942 336 106.00.0 82.6950.79976 262 1.0 81.0110 1.43612 72 Total 82.3320.69963 334 17