T m4 2 T g jmpg: www. g.cm/ j Dp Fmw Pmc Mm d mpm Sym Mcg cy Sw* PD Sd Mcc Egg Dpm Nmb Uy NE 8ST UK. E-m:.w@mb.c. T Dd B Mmmd Sw Hd Mcc Egg Dpm Nmb Uy Nwc Up Ty NE 8ST UK. c D Ex cy Sc Cmpg Egg d m Scc Nmb Uy Nwc Up Ty NE 8ST UK. Em P Sc Cmpg Egg d m SccNmb Uy Nwc Up Ty NE 8ST UK. BSTRCT G cmpxy dy d dymc dpm b m c c pmc m dq p mcg m. pp dpm Pmc Mm d mpm Sym PMS mw mcg pcc ppd. T PMS mw ccd by cdg cc gz d mp c mcg pcc pmc dc. dyg ccp md cd w PMS mw mcg pcc w dpd m y. T PMS mw c mm g gz c cmpy g d g wc dgd m d m b d mp mm c mpm. T w pdcd ym pc dd y pmc dc ppcb g z g mdm d m cmp w g d. KEYWORDS mcg Pmc mm d mpm ym RTCE NFO Rcd Ocb 22 ccpd 2 b 2. dc T cm m c Pmc Mm Sym PMS mb ppc b dpd m w-w ym cdd Sgc Mm d Rpg Tcq SMRT Bc Sc Cd BSC d Pmc Mm Q PMQ. T m dgd pd mgm d p w p--d m dd pc mpm y g m. O y pc dpm c -c pc mcg ym. F c SMRT dpd by Wg b c mm pmc d cp pg pc p d. g g bw cp bjc d pmc m. Hw pcd w SMRT d pd y mcm dy y pmc dc qy c d dy Gy & Nb 996. * Cpdg
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 PMQ b mgm dp g d c dg pg g by dyg wc mpm wd cd pmc Dx. 99. Hw PQM ddg d pd gdc g c g d pmc m Gy. 997. Bc Sc Cd cmmy d mw pmc mm d & Kd 28. w bc c cd m p cd my dgd pd w gz pmc Gpy & G 997. Bc Sc Cd d cp cmp d d d cd pp ppc wc mp cmpy d & Kd 28. Mz. 2 d B 28 gd Bcd Sc Cd dq c ccmc m gz pmc d y ppd Dymc M-dm Pmc DMP mw bd c d c p gy : c cm/m pmc pc pp d m pmc gz Kp & N 996 ppd md dpg pmc mm ym cd b c d c m cm c d g. Hw m gz dy d b cmpx. ppc Kp & N 996 md c c cp dd dm c gz c d b gg B 997. Hc md my b dq q g bw -c d xpcd c Scdm 999. d & Kd 28 cd Bc Sc Cd mw pccy mcg ym. Hw pmc mm mw mcg mpm d dm c wy mg pmc cc w gz.. gc cc d pdc. T wdg w c PMS md y m wc pccy dd PMS mcg d &. Kd 28. Ty dpd PMS m w bd Bc Sc Cd by cpg ppc pp dd ppc Bcd Sc Cd. mdc y d y cd c c z cmpy c d c cd wc gdd mp pc by Swgj. 2. c cmp bjcd c x cd c b m wc d m cy. Gy. 997 gd g cmp mpyd pmc mm gd m my pbm dy' mcg m d b cdd. Ty gg m mdc dd c m d b cd m ppp w mcg d c x m. ccdd gc PMS mw x. R b c g PMS d cy cg w cg cc w b d mcg m. Fm pp ppd dp mw pmc mm d mpm md mcg pcc. 2. Ow Pmc Mm Sym T pmc mm cc cg mpm m c d c mgm mcg cmp Ky & Ny 22 Gg 25. Ky & Ny 22 dd pmc mm pc qyg ccy 52
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 d c c. W d d g dpm d mpm c wc c b cd by xg pmc mm. m gy d pmc mm mw b dcd by my c c Bc Sc Cd BSC Kp & N 996 Sgc Mm d Rpg Tcq SMRT C & yc 989 Pmc Mm Q PMQ Dx 99 Pmc Pm Ky & Ny 22 Dx. 99 gd Pmc Mm Sym PMS Bc 997 gd Dymc Pmc Mm Sym DPMS Gy 997 d Ep Fd Qy Mgm EFQM Md T EFQM Excc Md 999 EFQM 2. 2.. Bc Sc Cd BSC T Bc Sc Cd w dpd by Kp & N 996 cmp pmc w gz ppc: d g c cm d b w Fg.. T BSC cmmy d mw pmc mm d & Kd 28. m dg wc g gz w c. pd d y dc dc m d c gc w pm m p c g g. Hw BSC c w pmc mcg. BSC w m g m d dy pmc mm pcc c mpy pp d d. Fg. T BSC Fmw Kp & N 992 2.2. T Sgc Mm y d Rpg Tcq SMRT ym T Sgc Mm y d Rpg Tcq SMRT ym w dpd by Wg b cm m d pmc mm w bjc g b c d -c pmc dc C & yc 989. T SMRT ym dgd p pmc pymd c b Fg. 2. T SMRT ym c g gz bjc w p pmc dc b xcd c mpm Gy 997. 5
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 Fg. 2 T SMRT Pmc Pymd C & yc 989 2.. Pmc Mm Q PMQ T Pmc Mm Q w dpd by Dx. 99 99 w pp g xg pmc mm d gz/cmpy. T PMQ m w c w m p Dx 99: pc mpm d c pmc mpm dy d cmpy 2 pc g m mpc mpm w b cd by cmpy. m mpm Dx. 99 dd cg.. qy b ccy d mc ccy; c b Fg.. T PMQ w bg g mgm m dg d p d c mgm d pc B & Ny 2. dd PMQ d py c mpm ccp Gy & Nb 996. Fg. T Pmc Mm Q Dx. 99 2.4. Pmc Pm T Pmc Pm w dcd by Ny. 2. T PMS mw w dpd by pmc ppc.. d c g pc cpb d d cb w Fg. 4. T Pmc Pm mw cmp x gz w.. d c d cb b m c pc. 54
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 Fg. 4 T Pmc Pm Ny. 2 2.5. gd Dymc Pmc Mm Sym DPMS T DPMS w dpd by Gy. 997 bd gg m mm.. mgm pc mpm m d cy p Fg. 5. T mw by m g d pcc cc z mpm d pmc mm pg Gy 997. Hw mw d cpcy pmc c cmpy. T pmc dc w y d pc mpm m d cy p. mw d m x gz pmc mpm c d cm pp c. Fg. 5 T gd Dymc Pmc Mm Sym Gy 997 55
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 2.6. gd Pmc Mm Sym PMS T gd Pmc Mm Sym PMS w dpd by Bc. 997. T PMS md w dgd cd p c ym m pc pmc mgm. T PMS mw c b Fg. 6 wc c : cp b b pc d c Bc 997. T mw g c mpm. Hw c m gc d d mg p bw m Swgj 2. Fm mw pd cd pc pc bjc d m dpm d mpm P & W 25. Fg. 6 T gd Pmc Mm Sym Bc. 997 56
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 2.7. Ep Fd Qy Mgm EFQM Md T EFQM md -pcp mw bd c wc b dp pp pcy d gy pp d c d pc d pp cm cy d y pmc c b Fg. 7 T EFQM Excc Md 999 EFQM 2. T EFQM md -m m w wc d g dbc pcc d pmc w cmpy. Hw d x m cmpg cmp. Fm md c xb c c mpm mg b d bw cmpy yp d cmpy my P 28. Fg. 7 Ep Fd Qy Mgm EFQM Md T EFQM Excc Md 999 EFQM 2 T d & Kd 28 dd PMS mw mcg b ppd c dy. M pmc mm mw d dm c wy mg pmc cc w gz.. gc cc d pdc. Fy c b ccdd c PMS mw w cg m Pmc Mm Sym PMS mcg mpm.. Mdgy T PMS mw dpd wg p:. T dp d b dc dm p b mcg cq. 2. T dp mw ppp pmc mm md ppcb mcg pcc.. T ppy dc d mw pmc mm md dpd 2 d m pmc mpm pcc cmp ppc mcg pcc. ccdg Ny. 995 bjc pmc m qyg ccy d c c. P & W 25 gd pmc mm d c dc mg g c w gc bjc d pd dbc p pmc d cpb gc. Fm pmy w pmc mm my d : 57
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 M d cd c pmc. dy d c gp bw xpcd pmc d c pmc. dyg pmc mpm pp. Pdg m mg gc dc. Ebg cmmc c pc d d. Ecg c mpm. T ccc mcg w dd by C & m 996 b : m w c mpm z dc -Tm T dy p m mc m dc g c c m ym d m m. Pp 2 gg mcg cmp mcg pc bcm gy p cm dmd w pdcg wd-c qy pdc. Bd bjc pmc mm d ccc mcg m m cdd PMS dd. T dc d by g cmp y ym d ggd by W 996 d by g p w mcg pc. cmp y m m ggd d m pc ccd d mmd. Sm m bd c dcg pmc mcg c cd pdcy cd qy d m d c dc d. T mw PMS w dpd by cdg: - Objc m w; Ky & Ny 22 dy bjc m w pmc m p g d m c bjc d pmc ppp wy. - Ccc mw; Ky & Ny 22 ggd m w b mdm d bc bw c d -c m. DT 998 gg m w d pdc w b pp d w ppd c cg pp c ccdg mgm d d d b g p ymc pc wg md c. - Cmp p; mg cmp p y g dd by Dgyc & Dmc 2 pdcy qy c dy m xby d. - Cmpy gy. - Fm w d cmp b pc c cm d pp. - Fmw d g m dg mpm - 4. R d Dc T dpm ppd mw pmc mm d mpm ym mcg cmpy w d cpg bd g dc dg. Nx bg c d pcp by dyg d w c pp pcp w pcc. T dyg w d y pmc dc KP wc wd gc c cmpy pmc. Fm ppd mw w dgd by cdg cc gz d mp c mcg pcc pmc dc. 58
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 4.. dyg Pmc dc T cmpy c cy b md by x w cmpy dp dc. T dc p gdg dc cbg wd m pcc. T dc d pp w cd bd d m x w pp d w c d & Kd 28 Sg. 2 S & F 29 D & Hc 25 K & m 996 d cmp pcc. T y d cmm dm : g dc wc c xy x 66 pcc c. T g dc w Cm Spp Mcg Mgm B Mgm Mcg Eccy Rc d Dpm g Ppc d m Py. T d cq w cd d d by w y bd dy mcg ppc d. T d cq bd d cy m x w pp d w c S & F 22 Wg. 29 Mp & My 27 F & m 29 R & C 27 Sg. 2 bdm. 26. 4.2. T ppd m w PMS pcc T ppd mw w bd cc c d dc wc c g dc d b-dc/ c b Fg. 8. g.. cmp pmc mm d mpm. T g b g KP c d c KP pmc mpm c. T m pcg mpm dpg by pc cmpy m mw w dpd d mdd m dymc m-dm pmc md Mz. 2 B 28. T pmc dc w cd w mpc c d by m-dm pmc md wg: - Fc: cd pb d pdcy. - Cm/m m wc w cdd by cm d pp. - Pc: dc w cd by mcg d mgm mcg ccy c d dpm. - Pp: mgm mcg ccy d g ppc. - F: c d dpm d m py. T pmc mp c dm m mpm c c b Tb. 59
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 Fg. 8 cy mw PMS mcg c. 6
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 Tb. mcg pmc mp mpc c Fc Cm/m m Pc c pmc dc Pb Pdcy mp dc mb pp ppy m mp p/m T ppy c mp dc pdc c Cmmc d gg pp c pmc pdc dy Em dc pp w mc M qy pdc w by pp Rdcg m ppy pdc c mb y pdc Kp mg qy pdc Em m m w pdc G d wy pdc Cm qm y c mb cd pp Qc pd m cm cmp Pdc cmz g pp w pdc dpm Kpg g m pp w m mp pp P pcd wc w dcmd cmpy Pmc pp Sp m dc Em mcg cyc m Em m p gg cg Pdc cdg Em cmpxy p Em xc d m d m dc pdc dpm Dg mc V dc P dd M pg Em dc pdc Em xc cp W dd Em ppp pcg Em mc dw m Eqpm z dc b Em xc mm w Em d w c cy mpw Mc w c C mcg Sp g T pdc mc T qy mgm Em p c mgm Cc gg Rdc w m y P w c Em d gd y 6
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 Pp F Empy wdd b b mpy pmc U mgm d Tg mpy d m jb m m g g w mpy p c cy mpw W dg Em p c mgm M c c d dpm m Rc d dpm m Tg mpy m M c m Pcm dm m m pc m Pcm w mcy 4. Cc T dpm pmc mm d mpm ym c dcbd pp. T pmc mm c mcg pmc pcc dc w wd d dd m y. T ppd mw w ccd bd c d dc w xpd g dc d xy-x b-dc. T d mpm pmc mm c c cd w dpd m dymc m-dm pmc md. T ppd mw cd b ppcb mpm by mcg cmp cd pp mpm ym pmc mm pcc. cwdgm T dy ppd by Dc G Hg Edc DGHE d. Rc bdm F.. Rjgp. d Ndy K.. Cc cm pc dy gd mpm Egg Mgm 26;. 8. 2 pp. 5-25. d G. d Kd R. Pmc mm ym mcg: ppc m SME Gb d Sm B 28;. 2.4 pp. 7-4. B S. d pmc mm Mcg Tcgy Mgm 28;. 9. 5 pp. 67-684. Bc U.S. C.S. d D.Mc. gd pmc mm ym: dpm gd Op d Pdc Mgm 997;. 7 pp. 522-54. B M. d Ny. mpmg pmc mm ym: w B Pmc Mgm. 5. 2. B. z S.R. d N B. g Bcd Sccd Sgy g Rg Pg 997 Pdc Ecmc;. N. 2 pp. 242-25. 62
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 C K.F. d yc R. T SMRT wy d d cc N Pdcy Rw 989;. 8. pp. 2- Dgyc G.S. d Dm S.G. Mcg gy: xpc m c d g Mcg Sym 2;. 9. 2 pp. 4-48. Dx.R. N.. d Vm T.E. m gg mc bw mcg gy d pmc m Wg Pp: B Uy; 99. Dx.R. N.. d Vm T.E. T w pmc cg: mg p wd c cmp. : Dw w-w Hmwd; 99. D T.. d Hc M.E. w m g: xpy dy pcc by cc mc Mcg Sym 25;. 24 pp. 55-67. DT Dpm Td d dy Qy c dy: m mpd cmp mcg dy d; 998. Ep Fd Qy Mgm EFQM Excc Md Pbc d Vy Sc B: EFQM; 2. F F. d m. pdc pcc: dc d m pmc bw cmp Bgd d c wd B Mgm 29;.. pp. 2-6. Gpy B.K. d G C.H. cc ym pmc m cc gg Cc Egg: Rc d ppc 997;. 5. 2 pp. 7-4. Gg P. Bzz S. d Bc U.S. Pmc mm ym SME: w c gd Mgm Rw 25;. 7. pp. 25-47. Gy.M. d Nb.S. T cgg b pmc mm Op d Pdc Mgm 996;. 6. 8 pp. 6-8. Gy.M. Nb.S. d Cw T.. gd dymc pmc mm ym mpg mcg cmp Pdc Ecmc 997;. 48 pp. 27-225. Kp R.S. d N D.P. Ug bcd c cd gc mgm ym Hd B Rw 996;. 74. pp. 75-85. K C. d m P. g cg wd pdc Op d Pdc Mgm 996;. 6. 2 pp. 24-4. Ky M. d Ny. mw c cg pmc mm ym Op d Pdc Mgm 22;. 22. pp. 222-245. Mp S.S. d My S.R. mcg c dy: mpc dy Scc d d Rc. 66 pp. 9-27 27. Mz. S. d Ry R. Byd bcd c cd: g c g cc m g Rg Pg 2;. 6 pp. 87-24. Ny. dm C. d Cw P. T pmc pm pcc B Pmc Mgm. 5 2;. 2 pp. 6-2. Ny.D. M.F. Ggy M.. d P K.W Pmc mm ym dg w d c gd Op d Pdc Mgm 995;. 5. 4 pp. 8-6. 6
S w T D db M mm w / T m4 2 P S.M.D. Rwg T Ep Excc Md m Mgm C Vw T TQM Mgz; 28. Pp T. mcg: bdg mc; 2. P K.F. d W.S. pmc mm pdgm gg gy m: w ym d mw Mgm Rw 25;. 7. pp. 49-7. R. d C F.F. Mg mpc c m m pdc g c m p Rbc d Cmp-gd Mcg 27;. 2 pp. 684-689. S T.. d F C.F. T mpc pdc wg cd: c dy mby Bz d Ecmc 29;. 9 pp. 4-42. Scdm.M. Wy bcd c cd Sgc Pmc Mm 999; pp. 6-. Sg B. Gg S.K. d Sm S.K. Dpm dx mg : dy d cmp dy Mg B Excc 2;. 4 pp. 46-5. S M.H. d F P.. md g dg mcg m gd Mcg Sym 22; pp. 4-9. Swgj P. Bc U.S. d C.S. Q md pmc mm ym Pdc Ecmc 2;. 64. - pp. 2-24. T EFQM Excc Md B: Ep Fd Qy Mgm; 999. W G.P. Sy d xmy gy-d pmc m mcg Op d Pdc Mgm 996;. 6. pp. 42-6. Wg Y.C. Wg K.Y. d. dy mcg mpm My cc d cc dy T Ep Scc Rc 29;. 8. 4 pp. 52-55. 64