BSc (Hons) Medical Imaging (Diagnostic Radiography) PAM 1007 Practice Placement 1 Clinical Aims & Stage 1 PAM1007 Practice Placement 1 comprises a set of placements specified in the Syllabus Plan and Content Section of the module description in the School Handbook: <http://newton.ex.ac.uk/handbook/modules/pam1007.html> The aims and objectives specified in this booklet are intended to give some structure to the time spent on Clinical Placement, and to give the student tangible objectives to work towards. The student must indicate, by writing the date in the appropriate column, when they feel they have met a particular objective. The student will show the aims and objectives document to the radiographer who is completing the weekly student feedback form prior to the radiographer completing that form. The supervising radiographer, as well as the student, can make any comments or notes in the space provided for example indicating strengths and areas for further development. Any comments written must be initialled and dated. The student must also review the progress made in terms of these aims and objectives with the Clinical Tutor on a fortnightly basis. Page 1 of 11
The Entire Placement Aims To demonstrate safe and efficient practice Objective Gain a knowledge of, understanding of, and adherence to radiation protection, including IR(ME)R, patient identification protocols, 10 day and 28 day rule. With guidance, gain experience of good patient care and good communication with both patients and colleagues from all staff groups Gain experience of operating effectively as part of an interprofessional healthcare team Under supervision, gain experience of complying with local rules, fire regulations, infection control policies, manual handling guidelines and crash procedures. Develop an ability to comply with standard projections and department protocols 2
Pre-clinical Preparation Aims To prepare for clinical placement Gain an awareness and understanding of the Codes of Conduct as they relate to Medical Imaging students on clinical placement Undergo Manual Handling training Undergo Basic Life Support (BLS) training Undergo Infection Control training Understand key Radiation Protection issues as they relate to staff and patients (e.g. IR(ME)R 2000, use of personnel monitors, 10 day and 28 day rule etc) Develop an awareness of wider Health and Safety issues 3
1 st Week of Placement Aims Health and Safety Identify location of fire exits, fire extinguishers, fire alarms and evacuation / meeting point Identify location of crash trolleys Identify location of departmental Health and Safety policies (e.g. CoSHH, Local Rules, Infection Control etc NB: this list is not exhaustive) Identify location of manual handling aids and ensure familiarity with their use Identify location of staff room / facilities for breaks Identify location of rest-rooms, changing facilities etc 4
General/A&E Aims Gain knowledge and understanding of radiographic technique, anatomy and image interpretation and evaluation. Develop good patient care and communication skills and demonstrate the ability to work as a team member Develop an ability to implement radiation protection measures Gain experience in standard positioning and departmental protocols Develop competence in basic radiographic positioning and image acquisition Gain experience in the assessment of radiographs Identify normal anatomy and gain experience in the identification of normal variant anatomy and pathology Gain experience in the identification of the need for additional views and the requirement to modify technique when necessary 5
Intravenous Urography Aims Demonstrate knowledge of, and experience in, intravenous urography. Develop good patient care and communication skills and demonstrate the ability to work as a team member. Develop an understanding of radiation protection as it applies to this environment. Develop an understanding of the use of intravenous iodine as a contrast agent Gain experience in standard positioning and departmental protocols Gain experience of image evaluation, including normal anatomy, normal variants and pathologies demonstrated. Gain an understanding of the use of additional views, compression and tomography Develop an understanding of infection control and of working within an aseptic environment. 6
Fluoroscopy Aims Gain knowledge and experience of the radiographic tasks required during a fluoroscopic screening list. Develop good patient care and communication skills. Develop safe and efficient working practices, particularly in relation to radiation protection and the administration of contrast agents and associated pharmaceuticals. Gain an understanding of the principles of aseptic and sterile environments Understand the use of barium as a contrast agent. Gain experience in the standard positioning and departmental protocols for barium studies Gain experience in the modification of exposure factors and technique. Gain experience of critically evaluating and interpreting images. Develop an ability to identify normal anatomy, and gain experience of identifying pathologies and normal variants. Gain experience of identifying the need for additional views 7
Mobiles and Theatre Aims Develop experience and demonstrate understanding of departmental procedures for undertaking mobile and theatre radiography. Develop good patient care and communication skills and develop the ability to work as a team member away from the Radiology Department environment. Develop an understanding of radiation protection issues as relating to the mobile or theatre environment Develop safe and efficient practice, comply with any ward and theatre protocols (e.g. relating to infection control, dress code etc). Develop an understanding of the principles of the sterile environment Develop knowledge of standard projections, techniques and protocols used when carrying out mobile and theatre radiography Gain experience in the modification of exposure factors and technique. Develop an ability to assess images, demonstrate knowledge of anatomy, and gain knowledge of normal variants and pathologies demonstrated Gain experience in interacting with ward- and theatre- staff 8
Nursing Experience Aims Gain further experience of patient care Develop good patient care and communication skills and demonstrate the ability to work as a team member. Gain experience in key nursing skills: Measuring blood pressures Use of a pulse oximeter Taking temperatures Measuring the pulse rate Measuring the respiration rate etc Gain experience of key patient care skills: Use of bedpans / bottles Correct disposal of used bedpans / bottles Correct disposal of contaminated and soiled linen etc Gain an understanding of the aseptic technique Gain experience of making patient beds (including raising, lowering, dismantling and re-assembling beds) Gain an understanding of infection control protocols as they relate to patients (e.g. MRSA) Gain confidence in communicating with patients and their relatives Gain confidence in communicating with other healthcare professionals 9
Clerical / Image Processing Aims Gain experience of clerical and image processing tasks Demonstrate safe and efficient practice, good patient care and communication skills and demonstrate the ability to work as a team member. Demonstrate an understanding of the safety issues that apply to this environment (e.g. manual handling) Gain experience of interacting with patients at reception Gain experience of the hospital booking system Gain an understanding of the processes involved in making patient appointments Gain experience of pulling old images from file (where appropriate) Gain confidence in interacting with patients and other members of the imaging team Gain an understanding of how digital imaging systems work and the effect on workload handling and patient throughput Gain an understanding of the importance of correct patient identity details and anatomical markers when using digital imaging systems Spend time with the PACS / digital imaging system manager to gain an insight into the capabilities of such systems Spend time with the PACS / digital imaging system manager to gain an insight into image artefacts / errors associated with such systems Gain experience in conventional image processing (film-screen combinations, automatic daylight or darkroom processors etc) if such technology is still available 10
Imaging Modalities Aims Gain an insight into other imaging modalities by spending one day in each of the following: Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Ultrasound (US) and Radionuclide Imaging (RNI). Develop good patient care and communication skills and demonstrate the ability to work as a team member. Develop an understanding of the safety issues that apply to each of these environments Gain an insight into angiography: clinical indications, safety issues, equipment used, the role of the radiographer Gain an insight into MRI: clinical indications, safety issues, equipment used, the role of the radiographer Gain an insight into CT: clinical indications, safety issues, equipment used, the role of the radiographer Gain an insight into US: clinical indications, safety issues, equipment used, the role of the radiographer Gain an insight into RNI: clinical indications, safety issues, equipment used, the role of the radiographer Gain confidence in interacting with patients and staff in other, less familiar, modalities 11