Advancements in Lightning Test Services
Presentation Overview Basic Lightning Concepts Indirect Effects Testing Waveforms General Test Methods Elite Testing Capability What s in place What s new
Lightning Test Overview
Standard Lightning Model Cloud to Ground Cloud to Cloud Intra-cloud Negative Flash Positive Flash Complex response measured on aircraft Aircraft studies Lightning is probabilistic and variable
Standard Lightning Model Naturally occurring leader originates at charge region Bidirectional Junction Leaders Originate at Aircraft Opposite Polarity Charge Region
Negative Lightning Flash Model
Lightning Effects Direct Effects (Physical Effects) Burning, Melting, Arcing, Blasting, Puncture Indirect Effects (Electromagnetic Effects) Aperture Coupling Structural IR Voltage
Direct Strike Current Waveforms
Multiple Stroke
Multiple Burst
Indirect Current Waveforms(3H) Indirect Multi-burst Waveform 3H
Aperture Coupling V Direct Strike Current Aperture
Indirect Current Waveforms Indirect Waveform 1 Direct Waveform 1 Magnetic fields generated by di/dt of Waveform 1 produce current and voltage indirect waveforms Indirect Waveform 2
Indirect Current Waveforms
Indirect Current Waveforms Waveform 4 Appears on conductors within shields due to the product of shield current and shield transfer impedance. Waveform 5 Long duration waveform appears on cables in more resistive CFC structures
Injection Methods
Injection Methods
Injection Methods
Elite s Lightning Testing How Does Elite Perform the Test Our present capabilities What s new
Elite Test Levels DO-160E Pin Injection RTCA DO 160E Table 22-2 Waveforms 3 (1MHz) 4 5A/5B Level Voc/Isc Voc/Isc Voc/Isc 1 100/4 50/10 50/50 2 250/10 124/25 125/125 3 600/24 300/60 300/300 4 1500/60 750/150 750/750 5 3200/128 1600/320 1600/1600 Direct Coupled
Elite Test Levels DO-160E Cable Single Stroke RTCA DO 160E Table 22-3 Waveforms 1 2 3 (1&10 MHz) 4 5A/5B Level V L /I T V T /I L V T /I L V T /I L V L /I T 1 50/100 50/100 100/20 50/100 50/150 2 125/250 125/250 250/50 125/250 125/400 3 300/600 300/600 600/120 300/600 300/1000 4 750/1500 750/1500 1500/300 750/1500 750/2000 5 1600/3200 1600/3200 3200/640 1600/3200 1600/5000 Inductive Coupled Ground Injection
Elite Test Levels DO-160E Cable Multiple Stroke RTCA DO 160E Table 22-4 Waveforms 1 2 3 (1&10 MHz) 4 5A/5B Level V L /I T V T /I L V T /I L V T /I L V L /I T First (L5) 1600/1600 1600/1600 3200/640 800/1600 640/2000 Subsequent (L5) 800/800 800/800 1600/320 400/800 320/1000 Inductive Coupler Ground Injection
Elite Test Levels DO-160E Multiple Burst RTCA DO 160E Table 22-2 Waveforms 3 (1&10 MHz) Level V T /I L 1 60/1 2 150/2.5 3 360/6 4 900/15 5 1920/32 Inductive Coupled
Elite s Lightning Testing Commercially Available Equipment Modify Existing Haefely Equipment Many Different Requirements Flexibility
Elite s Lightning Equipment DO160 Basic Unit Solid state switches and a 10,000V, 100kVA high voltage supply to produce the Single Stroke and Multiple Stroke pulses. The Multiple Stroke triggering patterns are produced with a Lecroy or Agilent arbitrary function generator. Waveform Plug-In. Resistive, inductive and capacitive (RLC) networks. Elite Built Lightning Generator
Elite s Lightning Equipment Elite Built Generator Plug in Modules
JSF & F22 Lightning Cable Single Stroke JSF Waveforms 1 2 4 5A/5B Level V L /I T V T /I L V T /I L V L /I T 1 50/100 50/100 50/100 50/150 2 125/250 125/250 125/250 125/400 3 300/600 300/600 300/600 300/1000 4 750/1500 750/1500 750/1500 750/2000 5 1600/3200 1600/3200 1600/3200 1600/5000 Inductive Coupled Ground Injection F22 SS, MS, Burst Burst - 0.2 x 4usec Voltage Pulse
Elite s Lightning Equipment
Elite s Lightning Equipment LISNs To Support Equipment 3.3 Meter Interconnecting Bundles Secondary Voltage Loop Transient Injection Probe 1 Meter Power Leads Test Item Current Monitoring Probe 5 cm 5 cm Transient Generator Oscilloscope 100x Voltage Monitoring Probe Typical Cable Injection Lightning Induced Transient Setup
Elite s Lightning Equipment
Elite s Lightning Equipment LISNs 3.3 Meter Interconnecting Bundles To Support Equipment Secondary Voltage Loop Transient Injection Probe 1 Meter Power Leads Test Item Current Monitoring Probe 5 cm 5 cm Amplifier Arbitrary Waveform Generator Oscilloscope 100x Voltage Monitoring Probe Typical Multiple Burst Cable Injection Lightning Induced Transient Setup
Elite s Lightning Equipment
Elite s Lightning Equipment Elite Electronic Engineering has a vast number of coupling probes from many manufacturers. The probes are made of materials, such as oriented silicon steel and various permeability ferrites. Through extensive experimentation, each probe has been matched to the generator for producing the best possible waveform. Large cables can be accommodated with larger opening probes.
Elite s Specialty Lightning Equipment
What s Next Higher Amplitudes Waveform 6H? Automation
Elite s Lightning Test Capability Summary DO-160E Single Stroke, Multi-Stroke, Multi-Burst Waveforms 1-5, Levels 1-5 MIL-461E JSF CS-115, 116 Combination Waveform 1&2, 4&5A Specialty Pulse Requirements
Elite s Lightning Test Capability Reference SAE ARP 5412/13/14/15/16 RTCA DO-160E