A guide for newly arrived young people

A guide for newly arrived young people Understanding the Victorian Education and Training System A resource booklet designed to meet the information needs of young people from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Produced by the Refugee Young People and Transitions Working Group in conjunction with the Centre for Multicultural Youth Issues. 2nd Edition: 2003

A Guide for Newly Arrived Young People was an initiative of the Centre for Multicultural Youth Issues, funded by the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, and first published in 1998. The current version was updated and published by the members of the Victorian Settlement Planning Committee's Refugee Young People and Transitions Working Group, in conjunction with the Centre for Multicultural Youth Issues. Grateful appreciation is extended to all those agencies that contributed to the production of this document, including Victorian English language schools and centres, AMEP providers, secondary colleges, TAFEs and Universities. ISBN 0-9750233-4-9 (paperback) ISBN 0-9750233-5-7 (electronic format) The member agencies of the Refugee Young People and Transitions Working Group, including the Commonwealth of Australia, its officers, employees and agents, are not liable for any loss howsoever caused, whether due to negligence or otherwise, to any persons arising from or in connection with any use of the information contained in this publication. 2003 by the Centre for Multicultural Youth Issues Centre for Multicultural Youth Issues Level 1, 308 Drummond Street CARLTON VIC 3053 Phone: (03) 9349 3466 Fax: (03) 9349 3766 Email: info@cmyi.net.au Website: www.cmyi.net.au Victorian Settlement Planning Committee, Secretariat Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs Level 25 Casselden Place, 2 Lonsdale Street MELBOURNE VIC 3000 Phone: (03) 9235 3357 Fax: (03) 9235 3266 Email: nicholas.chiam@immi.gov.au 2

Introduction... 5 The Victorian Education System... 6 Australian Qualification Framework... 7 Pathways through Victorian Education & Training...7 English Language Schools and Centres... 8 New Arrivals Program...8 After the New Arrivals program...8 How can you find out more information?...9 Primary and Secondary Schooling in Victoria... 10 School Facts...10 The Curriculum...10 Victorian Certificate of Education... 11 What is the VCE?...11 How is the VCE organised?...11 VCE VET (Vocational Education and Training)...11 English as a Second Language...12 How is the VCE assessed?...12 Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rating (ENTER) Score...12 Students returning to study (adult students)...13 Have you completed senior secondary school in another country?...13 Taking university subjects with your VCE...13 How can you find out more information?...14 Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL)... 15 What is the VCAL?...15 Who can do the VCAL?...15 Entry Requirements...15 How long does it take to complete the VCAL?...15 Where can I do the VCAL?...15 What types of subjects make up the VCAL?...16 How is the VCAL assessed?...16 What counts towards the VCAL?...16 Can you work part-time and/or continue an apprenticeship while enrolled in the VCAL?...17 What do you get after completing the VCAL?...17 Where to once you have completed the VCAL?...17 How can you find out more information?...17 AMEP English Language Classes... 18 Who can attend?...18 Ways you can study English in AMEP:...18 AMEP participants can also access:...18 Further English classes and pathways...18 How can you find out more information?...19 Language, Literacy and Numeracy Programme (LLNP)...19 3

Technical and Further Education (TAFE)... 20 Qualifications...20 English Language Studies...21 Entry to TAFE Institutes...21 TAFE to University Pathways...22 Cost of Classes...22 How can you find out more information?...22 Universities... 23 Minimum entrance requirement...23 Special Entry Provisions...23 Course requirements for students who have completed VCE...23 How to apply for entry to Victorian Tertiary Courses...24 Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS)...24 How can you find out more information?...24 Income Support... 25 Youth Allowance...25 Austudy Payment...25 Special Benefit...25 Income and Assets Tests...25 Residence...26 Extra Benefits...26 Centrelink Services for Young People...26 Obligations to Centrelink...27 Sources of further information... 28 General References...28 For VCE/VCAL information in general...28 For information about distance education...28 General education information for parents...28 For information about TAFE...29 For information about employment, TAFE and University...29 4

Introduction This booklet is designed to meet the information needs of refugee and newly arrived migrant young people who are considering their education and training futures in Australia. The booklet was developed as a response to a perceived need among recently arrived refugee and migrant young people for an introduction to, and overview of, the education and training system in Victoria. Concern had been expressed that while there exists a vast range of educational and training options, there is a lack of information and support available to assist people to 'map out' a structured, clear pathway between courses. Pathways is a term used to describe a series of steps taken through the education and training system. These steps represent choices about which course to study. A carefully planned pathway recognises the career plans and interests of the individual, acknowledges his or her current language level and language needs, and attempts to match these with an education and training option which will meet these requirements. As a first step, many young people with English language needs enrol in an On-Arrival English Program. This would, in most instances, be at an English Language School or Centre (if aged up to 18 years) or at the Adult Migrant English Program (if aged over 18 years of age). After completing the On-Arrival English Program, people who wish to go on to further study or training face decisions about where they can find the most appropriate course. This booklet aims to provide information to allow people to make informed choices about their futures. Such a pathway could lead from an initial On-Arrival English course to a combination of English language and vocational, or job specific, skills training to employment. Another pathway may lead from the On Arrival English course directly to secondary school, or further education. It is important to recognise that the traditional pathway through the compulsory school system and on to University is not the only pathway to professional qualifications or to a successful career. Many newly arrived young people do need extra time and support to gain a sufficient standard of academic English skills, to orientate to the Australian education system and to make up for disrupted educations in their home country. There are some pathways designed to do exactly that. In this situation, it is always useful to keep an open mind about the legitimate alternative pathways that may be better tailored to migrant or refugee young people, and avoid the disappointment of struggling in an inappropriate mainstream pathway. Different pathways will suit different people, and an essential first step is to equip yourself with the relevant information. We hope this booklet will provide you with the opportunity to make a good start in your education or training pathway in Australia. 5

The Victorian Education System Primary School Preparatory to Year 6 Primary English Language Centre / School Secondary School Year 7 8 9 10 11 12 Senior Secondary Certificates Secondary English Language Centre / School (up to 18 years of age) On-arrival English (18 years+) - Adult Migrant Education Services - Private, TAFE & Community providers TAFE Traineeship Language Study Certificate I Certificate II Certificate III Certificate IV Diploma Advanced Diploma Bachelor Degree University Diploma Advanced Diploma Bachelor Degree Graduate Certificate Graduate Diploma Masters Degree Doctor of Philosophy 6

Australian Qualification Framework Pathways through Victorian Education & Training Secondary Schools Vocational Education & Training (TAFE & other registered providers) Higher Education (Universities) Years (10), 11 & 12 Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) (may include concurrent VET studies) or Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL) or International Baccalaureate (IB) Certificate I Certificate II (same as traineeship) Certificate III (Advanced Certificate or Associate Diploma) Diploma Advanced Diploma Diploma Advanced Diploma Bachelor Degree Bachelor Degree Graduate Certificate Graduate Diploma Masters Degree Doctoral Degree 7

English Language Schools and Centres New Arrivals Program Eligible newly arrived English as a Second Language (ESL) students may attend free full-time ESL classes in government schools through the New Arrivals Program. This Program is provided mainly through Primary and Secondary English Language Schools and English Language Centres (ELS/Cs), and at the Geelong and Shepparton English Language Programs. English Language School/Centre programs are provided for students who are permanent residents and who have been in Australia less than six months and plan to attend a primary or secondary school following completion of their course. Students who hold certain temporary visas can attend if there are places available. Students over 18, as at 1 st January in the year of enrolment, are not eligible for enrolment and are counselled in relation to the most appropriate program for them, which may include the Adult Migrant English Program (AMEP) or TAFE courses. Most students attend class for two terms (six months). Students from humanitarian or refugee backgrounds, or who have had interruptions to previous schooling, may stay for up to one year. English Language Schools/Centres provide intensive English language programs in which students study subjects from the mainstream school curriculum. These programs aim to prepare students for the English language demands of mainstream schools and introduce them to schooling in Australia. Multicultural Education Aides (MEAs) are employed to assist students and help develop strong links between families and the school. Students may enrol directly in an English Language School/Centre or another school or an organisation can refer them. Enquiries regarding enrolment can be made at the English Language School/Centre closest to where the student is living. Students holding permanent resident status, enrolled in English Language Schools/Centres, are entitled to free travel passes. After the New Arrivals Program English language schools and centres will recommend suitable schools for their students at the end of their New Arrivals course. After attending an English Language School or Centre, many ESL students enter a mainstream secondary school where they often receive further ESL support, particularly in schools with many ESL students. These students are also usually supported through the senior secondary years to prepare them for further study or employment. 8

Some students, including those who have arrived in Australia with only a little schooling in their home country, may leave the school system to look for employment, or ESL youth access programs in TAFE or the Adult Council of Education. How can you find out more information? The Department of Education and Training's (DE&T) New Arrivals website has a list of contact details for all English Language Schools/Centres in Victoria at: http://www.sofweb.vic.edu.au/lem/esl/enew.htm or Phone: (03) 9637 2131, Fax: (03) 9637 2050. 9

Primary and Secondary Schooling in Victoria School Facts In Victoria, schooling is compulsory for all children from the ages of six to fifteen. Students may attend school for a total of thirteen years, spending seven years at a primary school (preparatory year to year 6) and six years at a secondary school (year 7 to year 12). In Victoria there is a range of schools to attend: co-educational, single sex, religious, private and state government. Each school year begins in late January and ends in December. Each year consists of four terms, with short breaks of about two weeks between each term. There is a longer break over the December January period. School hours are usually between 9:00am to 3:30pm, Monday to Friday. The Curriculum All schools offer students a comprehensive curriculum designed to prepare students for their future careers. The curriculum offers students a wide choice of subjects to suit their individual learning needs and abilities in the following Key Learning Areas: The Arts English/English as a Second Language Health and Physical Education Languages other than English Mathematics Science Studies of Society and Environment Technology All schools incorporate the Key Learning Areas into their curriculums, but many offer a range of subjects within each area. Schools prepare students for the career path they wish to follow. In Secondary Schools, career teachers help guide students in their choice of careers. Student welfare coordinators also provide advice and counselling on welfare matters to help students to continue to make satisfactory progress at school. 10

Victorian Certificate of Education (Note: This information is subject to change. Schools and other providers will have the most up to date information on the VCE and you can also visit the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA) website at: http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au) What is the VCE? When students and teachers talk about the VCE, they mean the Victorian Certificate of Education. The VCE shows that students have satisfactorily completed their final years of secondary schooling. Study for the VCE usually takes two years, but it can take longer. Some ESL students find it easier to spread their VCE studies over three years so there is more time for their English to develop. Schools can advise students when this is appropriate. How is the VCE organised? Studies Students usually study five or six subjects each year at VCE level. These subjects are called Studies. Units Most, but not all, VCE studies have four units. A unit is studied for a semester (half a year). Units 1 and 2 are normally studied in Year 11 and can be studied as single units. Units 3 and 4 are usually studied in Year 12 and must be studied in sequence. Students do not necessarily complete all the units of a study as part of their VCE course, but they must achieve a S (meaning Satisfactory) for at least sixteen units before they are awarded the VCE. Compulsory studies and units When students choose studies and units for their VCE courses, there are some criteria that each course must meet. Teachers will guide students in choosing studies and units to meet these criteria. When they choose their studies, students should consider their plans for future study and employment. Many tertiary courses have entry requirements stating specific studies that must be satisfactorily completed as part of the VCE. If a student wants to study a vocational or training course, up to eight of the sixteen units may be VCE Vocational and Education Training (VET) units. VCE VET (Vocational Education and Training) Students can undertake a vocational education and training (VET) qualification within their VCE program. These arrangements are known as VCE VET. VCE VET programs enable schools, training institutes and industry to work together to prepare students for employment and further training. Most secondary schools offer VET courses that contribute to satisfactory completion of VCE requirements and these courses are recognised 11

nationally. There are over 40 VET industry areas available for study with the VCE, and more are becoming available all the time. VCE VET units are within the Units 1-4 structure of VCE. Students who successfully complete a VCE VET program gain national qualifications recognised within the National Training Framework. Many of the VCE VET subjects also contribute towards a student's study score if undertaken at the Unit 3-4 level. This score will contribute to the Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank (ENTER). VCE VET programs are usually at Certificate 2 or 3 level. If students satisfactorily complete a VET qualification within their VCE (at Certificate 2 or 3 level) they may go directly into a higher level course at TAFE (ie Certificate 4). Students may also undertake part-time Apprenticeships within their VCE program. For further information, contact the VCE Coordinator and the Careers Teacher at your local Secondary School. English as a Second Language ESL students usually choose English/ESL as their compulsory English study. A student is eligible for ESL status if both the following conditions are met: He or she has been a resident in Australia for no more than seven calendar years immediately prior to 1 January of the year in which the study is undertaken at Units 3 and 4; and English has been the student's major language of instruction for a total period of not more than seven years prior to the year in which the study is being undertaken at Units 3 and 4. In special circumstances, a student who does not satisfy both of the conditions stated above, may be granted eligibility. Contact the school for further information. For additional information, contact the VCAA on 9651 4300 or visit their website at: http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au How is the VCE assessed? There are two parts to VCE assessment: school based assessment and external exams. Students who are used to all assessment being based on end of year exams will find that studying for the VCE is different. Work is assessed throughout the year and students must complete a variety of tasks as well as external examinations. This means that they must be very well organised to work steadily for the entire school year. Students studying Units 3 and 4 of a subject complete external exams as well as course work. Work done in external exams is graded from A+ to E. Most examinations are held at the end of the year, but some studies have exams both at mid-year and at the end of the year. Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rating (ENTER) Score On completion of all VCE assessment, an ENTER score is calculated from each student s results. This score is used to allocate places in tertiary institutions. 12

Students returning to study (adult students) Students returning to study must be at least 18 years of age at 1 January in the year they expect to complete their VCE. They also must have been absent from full-time secondary schooling for at least one full school year. These students are able to study a reduced VCE. To qualify for the VCE, they must satisfactorily complete at least: two units of English; and three sequences of Units 3 and 4 in studies other than English, two of which may be VCE VET sequences. Some adult students choose to study extra units to improve opportunities for further study. Adult VCE is usually studied at TAFE College, secondary college or by distance education. Have you completed senior secondary school in another country? Some students have already completed studies equivalent to Year 12 or higher in another country. These students can apply to the VCAA for recognition of equivalent study completed elsewhere. Further information on credit for VCE studies and statements of equivalence can be obtained from the Students Records and Results Unit at the VCAA by telephoning (03) 9651 4402. If students believe they are eligible for a statement of equivalence, they should ask their school to make inquiries for them. Taking university subjects with your VCE Selected students may add a first year university subject to their VCE studies through an extension studies program. Extension studies build on VCE studies to first-year university level and are available in a wide range of subjects at seven universities. These university subjects are taken on top of a full VCE program so are only for a small number of very strong students recommended by the school. 13

How can you find out more information? Each year the VCAA publishes a Guide to the VCE, at: http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vce/guide02/index.htm which is given to Year 10 students. This guide contains the most recent information about the VCE and any changes for the following year. For further information, contact the VCAA Information Officer on 9651 4544 or 9651 4328 (for Melbourne callers) or 1800 134 197 (for country callers). The above VCE information has been adapted from the ESL website of the Department of Education and Training, at: http://www.sofweb.vic.edu.au/lem/esl/index.htm. See this website for more detailed information on the VCE which has been translated into 12 languages. 14

Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL) (Reproduced with permission of the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority, Victoria.) What is the VCAL? The Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL) is a new senior school certificate that is based on applied learning. Applied learning means that it is a hands-on course that aims to develop skills, which will help get students ready for further education, training or employment. The VCAL has three levels Foundation, Intermediate and Senior. Senior is the highest level. Students start at a level which matches their needs and abilities. For example, if students start at Intermediate level and successfully complete it, they can move up to Senior level in Year 12. Each level would normally take a year s program to complete. Who can do the VCAL? The VCAL has been designed to meet the needs of students in Years 11 and 12 who need a course based on practical experience. It is also available to other students; for example, those studying at a TAFE institute. Entry Requirements There are no entry requirements. Students can enter the VCAL at a level suitable to their learning needs. Teachers and careers counsellors will be able to assist in deciding which level is best for each student. How long does it take to complete the VCAL? Stduents gain a VCAL Certificate on successful completion of an agreed full-year learning program. For example, VCAL at Intermediate level could be completed in Year 11, followed by VCAL at Senior level in Year 12. Where can I do the VCAL? The VCAL is offered by many secondary schools and Technical and Further Education (TAFE) Institutes in Victoria. Students need to ask their local school or TAFE whether they offer it. Students will be required to enrol at a school or TAFE, but may do part of their VCAL program at other places such as Adult Community Education organisations and other community-based organisations and employers. 15

What types of subjects make up the VCAL? Students who undertake the VCAL will develop a learning program with their teacher/careers counsellor by selecting units and modules for each of the VCAL Strands. Strand 1 Literacy and Numeracy A VCAL learning program must include literacy and numeracy. This may involve, for example, the literacy and numeracy units from the Certificates of General Education for Adults or VCE maths and English units, including English as a Second Language (ESL) units. Strand 2 Industry Specific Skills Your VCAL learning program must include industry specific units from Vocational Education and Training (VET) programs or VCE VET. Strand 3 Work Related Skills A VCAL learning program may include part-time work, New Apprenticeships, work experience and work placement, as well as units and modules in preparing for work such as occupational health and safety or job interview skills. Strand 4 Personal Development Skills A VCAL learning program may include local and community-based projects, voluntary work and structured activities to help develop self-confidence, teamwork and other skills important for life and work How is the VCAL assessed? Students must successfully achieve each learning outcome in each unit or module in the VCAL program. Students do not need grades. If VCAL is completed at the Senior level, then students may enrol in VCE Units 3 and 4 and elect to receive grades and study scores for those subjects. If students successfully complete the requirements of a VCE Unit or VCE VET Unit, they will receive a Statement of Results. If students successfully complete a VET or Further Education unit or module, they will receive a Statement of Attainment. These will list all units successfully completed as part of the VCAL program. What counts towards the VCAL? If a student has started a VET Certificate, their study can count towards the VCAL. Students should speak with their teacher or careers counsellor to help plan for a VCAL learning program and to work out how much of the certificate has been completed. If a student has already done a VCE subject, this can also count towards the VCAL. A student must have received an S (Satisfactory) result for the VCE unit. Returning to VCE A student can swap to the VCE if they change their mind. Any VCE units successfully completed as part of the VCAL will count towards the VCE. The VCE record of results can also be transferred. Other units completed as part of VCAL might also be able to be credited towards the VCE discuss this with a teacher or careers counsellor. 16

Can you work part-time and/or continue an apprenticeship while enrolled in the VCAL? Students can gain recognition and credit for part-time work while enrolled in the VCAL. Some forms of work include: part-time apprenticeship or traineeship; part-time work; work placements; or work experience. What do you get after completing the VCAL? A student will receive a VCAL Certificate at Foundation, Intermediate or Senior if they successfully complete a learning program at Foundation, Intermediate or Senior level. Students will also get a Statement of Results, listing all VCE, VCE VET and VCAL units, and a Statement of Attainment for VET or Further Education courses. Normally, a student who wants to go to university must have an ENTER score calculated, based on VCE study scores. VCAL programs are not designed to lead to an ENTER score. The VCAL prepares students for entry into TAFE certificate courses, apprenticeships and traineeships, and other further education and training. If a student has completed the VCAL and wish to get into higher education, they must ask their school for advice. Where to once you have completed the VCAL? By doing the VCAL, a student will gain experience useful in the world of work, and get a qualification that helps you to develop and extend a student s pathways into work, apprenticeships/traineeships, further education and/or training including VET courses. The VCAL will help a student develop literacy and numeracy, develop work related skills, industry specific skills and develop personal and employability skills. How can you find out more information? Speak to a local school or TAFE or visit the Victorian Qualifications Authority Website at: www.vqa.vic.gov.au. 17

AMEP English Language Classes The first step for newly arrived young people who are over 18 or between 16 & 18 and not choosing to attend a language school is to apply for English classes in the Adult Migrant English Program (AMEP). Newly arrived migrants who require English language classes are entitled to 510 hours of English language tuition, or the hours it takes to achieve a functional level of English. The nearest AMEP centre can provide advice in relation an appropriate class level. These classes are funded by the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA). Who can attend? Participants are eligible for AMEP classes if the following applies: They are 18 years or over; or They are aged between 16 and 18 years & unable to go to English classes in school; plus They are a migrant who arrived in Australia after July 1, 1991; or Have been granted permanent residence since July 1, 1991; (if not a migrant or permanent resident certain Temporary Visa Holders); plus They have not used all their 510 hours; and They do not have functional English. Ways you can study English in AMEP: By attending in the day, evening or weekends; Full time or part time; Beginners, elementary & intermediate level classes; or Youth classes. AMEP participants can also access: Free child care whilst in class; Computer training; Free careers counselling; Work experience; Settlement information; Recreation activities & excursions for young people. Further English classes and pathways After completing 460 hours of AMEP or achieving functional English, participants may study further English and advanced English at AMES or at TAFE colleges. For some English classes it may be necessary to be registered at Centrelink. 18

How can you find out more information? AMES has teaching centres in Ascot Vale, Ballarat, Benalla, Bendigo, Box Hill, Broadmeadows, Bundoora, Chadstone, Cobram, Coburg, Collingwood, Dandenong, City/Flagstaff, Footscray, Frankston, Geelong, Hawthorn, Hoppers Crossing, Kyabram, Lalor, Maryborough, Mildura, Mt Waverley, Newborough, Noble Park, Oakleigh, Preston, St Albans, Sale, Shepparton, Springvale, Wangaratta, Warragul, Werribee and Wodonga. Phone: 9926 4717 or look online at: www.ames.net.au TAFE Colleges information is available at TAFE Course Line: 131823 or at: www.ette.vic.edu.au Language, Literacy and Numeracy Programme (LLNP) The Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training provides free English Language training, through the Language, Literacy and Numeracy Programme (LLNP), to young people who have migrated to Australia and who have completed their AMEP training but still require further assistance. Training is provided in small groups for between 6 and 20 hours per week and for up to one year, depending on the needs and availability of the student. Centrelink assesses eligibility for the LLNP programme and anyone wishing to participate must be registered as a job seeker with Centrelink. Basic English language training is available to: Job seekers aged 15 to 20, whether they are in recept of income support or not; and Job seekers aged 21 and over who are in receipt of Youth Allowance, Newstart Allowance or Parenting Payment. Job seekers who are not in receipt of any of the above allowances can access Basic English language training if they are the holders of temporary or provisional visa subclasses 309, 310, 445, 450, 820, 826, 850, 437, 781, 783, and 784. Migrants subject to the two-year waiting period for Social Security benefits may also apply. Advanced English language training is available to: Job seekers who are citizens, permanent residents or who are holders of temporary or provisional visa subclasses 309, 310, 445, 450, 820, 826, 850, 437, 781, 783, and 784. They do not need to be in receipt of income support. Training providers are located within easy travelling distance of most Centrelink offices and Centrelink will arrange for an assessment appointment for eligible applicants. The qualified assessor will decide whether Basic or Advanced Language training is the best option. Providers range from TAFE Colleges to community providers and include private Registered Training Organisations. Students living in rural or remote areas, or those who have difficulty in attending classes can access the programme through Distance Learning. This is also arranged through Centrelink. For further information and for referral to the programme, visit the local Centrelink office. Information about the programme can also be accessed on the Internet at the following site: https://llnp.dest.gov.au 19

Technical and Further Education (TAFE) The Technical and Further Education (TAFE) sector provides education and training in a wide range of interest areas, across a broad range of skill and educational levels. The majority of this is provided through TAFE Institutes. The Adult Community Education (ACE) system and private providers also deliver programs. Training areas include: Agriculture, Animal Studies & Natural Resources; Architecture, Building & Planning; Art, Craft, Music, Dance & Drama; Business, Economics, Administration and Sales; Computing & Information Systems; Education; Engineering & Related Technologies and Surveying; Health, Community & Welfare Services; Hospitality, Tourism, Transport & Personal Services; Humanities and Social Sciences; Law & Security; Manufacturing & Processing; and Sciences. The educational and skill level required for entry to a TAFE course varies. It can range from: Early school leavers (those who have not completed secondary education); Completion of VCE / Year 12; Professional qualifications / previous work experience; or Disrupted / Interrupted Education, including newly-arrived young people. Qualifications All TAFE courses are accredited, which means that they are awarded a certificate upon completion. A TAFE qualification is a national qualification recognised within the National Training Framework. This means a TAFE qualification is recognised throughout Australia. The qualifications from TAFE are: Certificate I; Certificate II; Certificate III; Certificate IV; Diploma; Advanced Diploma; Bachelor Degree. TAFEs are also able to apply to deliver degree courses in specialist, niche areas. TAFE courses can usually be undertaken full-time or part-time. Certificate 1-3 courses are normally no more than 12 months full-time. Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas are normally the equivalent of two years full-time study. Degree courses will be of three or four years duration. 20

TAFE also provides Apprenticeship and Traineeship training. Before enrolling in an apprenticeship or traineeship it is necessary to find an employer who will combine a training agreement and on-the-job training with study at TAFE. Apprenticeships normally take four years and traineeships take one year. English Language Studies TAFE Institutes also offer English as a Second Language (ESL) programs. These programs are for those who require further English and who may want to improve their chances of further study or employment. Often people have already completed an Adult Multicultural Education Services (AMES) or Language Centre course. People who are temporary residents may be eligible to enrol in TAFE ESL courses. TAFE has a history of providing specialist programs for newly arrived young people who wish to learn English in a friendly and supportive environment with other young people. Programs may target both refugee and migrant young people with a history of disrupted schooling, as well as those who have completed secondary education and who may have commenced tertiary studies. There are specialist ESL bridging programs offered for refugee and newly-arrived young people at Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE (the YAMEC program offered at both Preston and Collingwood), Victoria University (TAFE) at Footscray, and Chisholm Institute at Dandenong. These programs recognise that young people may have had disrupted schooling and need a broad education as well as English. These programs may offer maths, science, information technology, recreation programs, as well as assistance with settlement issues such as housing, Centrelink, health and legal issues. Students may enter these programs regardless of their ASLPR (language and literacy) level. Each of the TAFE Refugee Youth programs has an emphasis on supporting young people by forming partnerships with other service providers ie JPET, MIPs, JPP. These support workers offer their services cooperatively with the Refugee Youth program staff and can ensure that settlement issues (housing, health etc) can be dealt with. TAFE ESL students may combine vocational education with further ESL, for example English & Computing or English & Childcare etc. Other classes focus on Literacy for those whose spoken English is good, but who need extra help with reading & writing. English classes are held in both the day and the evening, and can be full-time or part-time. Entry to TAFE Institutes TAFE has a flexible entry policy that recognises knowledge and experiences gained through formal study and through other life experiences including work experience. Thus it is not always necessary to have completed formal schooling to qualify for TAFE entry if it can be shown that a person has other relevant experience. In some cases, this relevant experience can gain credit for some units of a TAFE course. This is called Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) Entry to some courses is by direct application to the TAFE Institute, but for others especially at Diploma and Advanced Diploma level, it is necessary to apply through Victorian Tertiary Admission Centre (VTAC). This must be done by September of the previous year. Late 21

applications will incur a penalty cost. TAFE courses begin in February and July (mid-year intake) of each year. Contact the TAFE Institute for further details. TAFE to University Pathways A TAFE certificate can be used to gain entry to other courses, including University courses. A student completing a Diploma or Advanced Diploma course may receive credit for some units towards a university degree. The credits may be the equivalent of the first year of a three-year university degree. Cost of Classes TAFE providers charge a tuition fee, and a charge may also be made for student services and amenities. TAFE fees are much lower than university HECS fees. Students receiving Youth Allowance, or another Centrelink allowance, may be eligible for a concession. Students are eligible to receive Youth Allowance for most courses. See the Chapter on Income Support for more details. Student loans are available to assist students with tuition fees, if needed. How can you find out more information? TAFE Institutes are found throughout Melbourne. Each Institute has an Information Officer to assist with all inquiries. There are also counselling services, including careers counselling, for prospective students. For further information about TAFE and the programs it offers please consult: the free booklet "Questions and Answers About TAFE" (in schools and public libraries); Information Victoria, Phone: 1300 366 356; the Office of Training and Tertiary Education website at: www.otte.vic.gov.au 22

Universities Universities offer a wide range of courses, some of which lead to specific occupations such as medicine, nursing or engineering, as well as more general courses such as arts or science. Types of courses available: Diploma: 2 years of full-time or equivalent part time study. The emphasis is on practical skills and general understanding of the field, leading to a Para-professional qualification. Advanced Diploma: 3 years of full-time or equivalent part-time study. This involves study at a more advanced level than the Diploma, but still with some emphasis on practical skills. Bachelor Degree 3-4 years of full-time or equivalent part-time study. A student will usually specialise in at least one subject over the length of the course. Graduate Certificate 6 months of full-time or equivalent part-time study. This may involve broadening skills already gained in an undergraduate course, or developing vocational knowledge and skills in a new professional area. Graduate Diploma 1 year of full-time or equivalent part-time study. This may involve broadening skills already gained in an undergraduate course or developing vocational knowledge and skills in a new professional area, or further specialisation in an area. Masters Degree 2 years of full-time or equivalent part-time study. This enhances specific professional or vocational skills. The student acquires in-depth understanding in a specific area of knowledge, either by course work or research activities. Doctoral Degree 3 years of full-time or equivalent part-time study. This is awarded after undertaking an original research project, including a substantial thesis, which contributes to knowledge and understanding within a particular field of study. Minimum entrance requirement To be eligible for entry into a university, students will need to have satisfactorily completed the VCE/VCAL, or continue a pathway from a TAFE course, or qualify under Special Entry Provisions. Special Entry Provisions Applicants other than school leavers are considered individually by each institution to which they apply. Institutions may take into account an applicant's work history, post-secondary studies or special circumstances. Entry may be based on one or more factors such as mature age, educational or social disadvantage, or the ability to succeed. Applicants may be required to sit an exam to show that that they have the ability to succeed at study at University level. Course requirements for students who have completed VCE. Once a student has satisfied the minimum entrance requirement, they will also need to satisfy the specific course requirements of each course for which they wishes to apply. 23

These course requirements include; Prerequisite Studies: These are studies, which must be satisfactorily completed before students can be considered for a particular course. Grade Average: In some cases, before a study can be counted as a prerequisite, a certain grade in School Assessed Tasks (SATs) in a particular study must be achieved. How to apply for entry to Victorian Tertiary Courses The Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre (VTAC) processes applications for most degree or diploma courses at universities and most full-time Certificate IV, Diploma and Advanced Diploma courses at TAFE Institutes in Victoria. Each July VTAC publishes an application booklet, the VTAC Guide to University and TAFE courses, which contains information about courses, application procedures and an application form. Applications for undergraduate courses normally close in late September in the year prior to selection. Selection for all courses is competitive and is based on academic merit, except in a few special cases where other criteria are considered, which may include work experience, special skills, aptitude or suitability for the profession. Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) Permanent residents can usually pay course fees through the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS). The HECS contribution for a full-time student doing a standard program of study approximately for a full year ranges between $3,500-$6,000. Payment may usually be deferred or held over until a taxable income over a certain level is reached, and then a percentage of that income is repaid to the Australian Taxation Office. Some courses do not attract HECS but are up-front full fee courses, which start at approximately $10,000 per year How can you find out more information? Go to the Department of Education, Science and Training's (DEST) Higher Education website at: http://www.dest.gov.au/highered/index1.htm Also, each University produces handbooks containing outlines of each course. These can be obtained by calling each University individually. For information about tertiary selection and procedures contact the Victorian Tertiary Administrations Centre (VTAC) directly on Phone: 1300 364 133 or see their website at: www.vtac.edu.au or write to: The Information Officer Victorian Tertiary Administrations Centre (VTAC) Suite B, 40 Park Street SOUTH MELBOURNE VIC 3205 24

Income Support Centrelink provides certain financial and other assistance for young people and students while they study. Youth Allowance Youth Allowance is for: Full-time students aged 16-24; Full-time students aged 25 or over who were receiving Youth Allowance before they turned 25 and are still doing the same course; Other young people up to 21 who are looking for full-time work, combining part-time job search and part-time study, doing other approved activities (including voluntary work), or who are ill; and 15 year olds who have reached school leaving age, and are considered to be independent. Under 18 year olds who haven t completed year 12 or the equivalent may not get Youth Allowance unless they are in full-time education or training. To get Youth Allowance they will need to stay at school, or go back to school, get into a TAFE or other approved training course. Exemptions from this requirement can be granted if it is not appropriate or possible. Youth Allowance rates depend on whether customers are dependent on their parents or regarded as independent, single, have children, live at home or need to live away from home to study or improve their work prospects. For those receiving the dependent rate of Youth Allowance, the eligibility and rate allowance they are entitled to depends on their parents income, assets and possibly their family s actual means. Rent Assistance may also be paid to people who have to pay private rent, for more details check with Centrelink. Austudy Payment Austudy Payment is for students aged 25 or over doing an approved full-time course at an approved institution. Students with a disability may also be assisted for part-time study. Special Benefit Special Benefit is a payment for people who are in real financial and personal hardship but may not be eligible for other payments from Centrelink. Income and Assets Tests Where possible, parents are encouraged to support young people until they can support their own life choices. As a result, the financial circumstances of parents are taken into account when assessing Youth Allowance for dependent young people. The Parental Means Test applies only to dependent Youth Allowance recipients. It looks at their parents assets, income and in come cases, the family s actual means to measure whether parents can financially support their children. Personal Income Test the rate of Youth Allowance or Austudy payment is affected by how much individuals earn each fortnight. 25

A Personal Assets Test applies to Austudy claimants as well as independent Youth Allowance claimants. Partner Income and Assets Tests apply to independent Youth Allowance and Austudy claimants who are a member of a couple. Residence To receive payment, applicants should be an Australian resident and living in Australia. Full-time students can sometimes be paid while out of Australia. Newly arrived migrants must wait 2 years before Youth Allowance or Austudy payments start. Refugee and humanitarian visa holders are exempt. If an interpreter is needed, one can be arranged free of charge. Extra Benefits The following benefits may also be available. Rent Assistance is available for Youth Allowance recipients who have to live away from home to study or look for work and who pay rent. Interest Free Advance Payment and Special Employment Advance. Youth Allowance and Austudy recipients can get an Interest Free Advance of their payment. A Special Employment Advance may be available to certain Youth Allowance and Austudy recipients. To help cover the cost of travel to and from their permanent home and place of study, some tertiary students may be able to get Fares Allowance. Loans for Tertiary Students. A Financial Supplement loan is a voluntary loan scheme for tertiary students who are eligible to receive Youth Allowance or Austudy payment and also for some tertiary students who are ineligible for Youth Allowance due to the Parental Means Test. For more information, see Centrelink. Income Bank. When a student on Youth Allowance or Austudy payment has income in a fortnight under the income-free area, an Income Bank is created. The bank allows students to build up income credits (to a maximum of $6000) to offset any income they later earn (including during holidays) above the fortnightly income-free area so it doesn t affect their payments as much. Health Care Card will save you money on some prescription medicines. Job seekers automatically qualify for a Health Care Card, full-time students have to apply separately and provide income details. Pharmaceutical Allowance may be paid to Youth Allowance or Austudy payment recipients who are sick and temporarily incapacitated. Centrelink Services for Young People (Also available for those who do not receive a Centrelink payment.) Youth Teams are located in Centrelink Offices and work with young people to help them understand and access the education, training and employment choices available and assess eligibility for income support. 26

Specialist Youth Servicing Units include Social Workers and other specialists who provide: help for young people who are homeless; early intervention with young people at risk of leaving school early; intensive career and job counselling; and referral. Career Information Centres provide access to free, easy-to-use information covering all types of careers and courses. There are twelve Centres located in capital cities and major regional cities. Each Centre has a selection of course handbooks and videos, as well as printed and computerised information to help plan for a career, write job applications and resumes and prepare for interviews. Self Help Facilities are available in nearly all Centrelink offices and include: touchscreens listing job vacancies; phone, photocopier and fax; computers to prepare job applications and resumes, and access to the internet; job guides, pamphlets and a noticeboard. Obligations to Centrelink Those receiving benefits have a responsibility to notify Centrelink when circumstances change as payment may be affected. Going overseas may affect payment, so tell Centrelink of any travel plans. Comparing data with other government departments. Centrelink must always be provided with correct details because checks are made with other government departments and with education institutions. For more information in languages other than English, call 13 1202 or ask for the Help for Young People and Students Information Sheet (17 languages) from a Centrelink office or online at: http://www.centrelink.gov.au./internet/internet.nsf/multifilestores/yps0112 27