Women in the Workforce

Women in the Workforce

Subject Definitions Employed Employed includes all civilians 16 years old and over who were either (1) at work during the reference week; or (2) those who did not work during the reference week but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent. Full-time, year-round workers All people 16 years old and over who usually worked 35 hours or more per week for 50 to 52 weeks in the past 12 months.

Number of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers With Earnings by Sex: 1967 to 2009 70 Numbers in millions Recession 60 50 40 30 36.6 Men 56.1 Women 43.2 20 10 14.8 0 1967 1974 1981 1988 1995 2002 2009 Note: People 15 years old and older beginning in 1980 and people 14 years and older as of the following year for previous years. Before 1989, data are for civilian workers only. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf 5

Median Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers by Sex: 1960 to 2009 Earnings in 2009 dollars $60,000 $50,000 Men $47,100 $40,000 $30,000 $34,000 Women $36,300 $20,000 $20,600 $10,000 $0 1960 1967 1974 1981 1988 1995 2002 2009 Note: Income rounded to nearest $100. People 15 years old and older beginning in 1980 and people 14 years and older as of the following year for previous years. Before 1989, data are for civilian workers only. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements 5

Ratio of Women s-to-men s Median Earnings for Full-Time, Year-Round Workers: 1960 to 2009 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.61 Women-to-Men earnings ratio Recession 0.77 0.0 1960 1967 1974 1981 1988 1995 2002 2009 Note: People 15 years old and older beginning in 1980 and people 14 years and older as of the following year for previous years. Before 1989, data are for civilian workers only. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf 5

1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Ratio of Women's to Men's Median Earnings in Selected Occupations for Full-Time, Year-Round Workers: 2007-2009 0.54 0.64 0.71 0.78 0.90 0.93 1.00 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2007-2009

Usual Hours Worked by Sex: 1975-2010 50 48 46 Work hours 44 42 40 38 Recession Men Women 36 34 32 30 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1975 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements

Major Occupation Groups by Percentage of Mothers of Preschoolers Opting Out of the Labor Force: 2009 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Management and professional Service Sales and office Farming, fishing, and forestry Construction, extraction, maintenance, and repair Production, transportation, and material moving Note: Occupation data are collected for the current, primary job or most recent job held in the past 5 years if not currently employed. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey

Percentage of Men and Women with a Bachelor's Degree or More, Ages 25 and Older: 1940 to 2010 40 Percent with bachelor's degree or more 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Men Women 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Note: Prior to 1992, percent of 4 years of college or more Source: 1940 Census, Current Population Survey various years 1947 to 1962, 1964 to 2002 March Current Population Survey, 2003 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey

Percentage of Men and Women with a Bachelor's Degree or More, Ages 25 to 29: 1940 to 2010 Percent with bachelor's degree or more 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Men Women 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Note: Prior to 1992, percent of 4 years of college or more Source: 1940 Census, Current Population Survey various years 1947 to 1962, 1964 to 2002 March Current Population Survey, 2003 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey

40% Percentage of Managers Who Are Women: 1940-2009 35% 30% Percent Women 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census 1940 to 2000, 2009 American Community

40% 35% Percentage of Women-Owned Businesses: 1997, 2002, and 2007 32.3% 33.0% 35.9% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1997 2002 2007 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Business Owners, 2002 and 2007 and Survey of Women-Owned Business Enterprises, 1997

Percentage of Employees in Women-Owned Firms: 1997, 2002 and 2007 16% 14% 14.0% 14.4% 15.5% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 1997 2002 2007 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Business Owners, 2002 and 2007 and Survey of Women-Owned Business Enterprises, 1997

30% Percentage of Firms by Sales/Receipts Levels by Sex of Owner: 2007 25% 20% 15% Women-owned businesses Men-owned businesses 10% 5% 0% Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $249,999 $250,000 to $499,999 $500,000 to $999,999 $1,000,000 or more Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Business Owners 2007 http://www.census.gov/econ/sbo/

Industries with Relatively High and Low Women Ownership 70% 60% 61.9% 56.4% 48.6% 50% 40% 41.2% 30% 20% 10% 14.3% 13.9% 13.2% 9.5% 0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Business Owners 2007 http://www.census.gov/econ/sbo/

Educational Attainment of Owners of Respondent Firms by Sex: 2007 100% 90% 16.2% 19.9% 80% 70% 60% 50% 25.6% 26.9% Master's, doctorate, or professional degree Bachelor's degree 40% 30% 20% 58.1% 53.2% Less than bachelor's degree 10% 0% Women Men Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Business Owners 2007, http://www.census.gov/econ/sbo/

100% Average Hours Worked Per Week by Owners of Respondent Firms by Sex: 2007 90% 20.3% 80% 70% 10.2% 37.3% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 69.5% 13.0% 49.7% More than 40 hours 40 hours Less than 40 hours 10% 0% Women Men Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Business Owners 2007 http://www.census.gov/econ/sbo/

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