College Completion in Connecticut: The Impact on the Workforce and the Economy

Transcription

1 College Completion in : The Impact on the Workforce and the Economy February 2012

2 Investing in Individuals and Society through College Completion Higher Levels of Education and Skills Needed for Today s Economic Recovery and Tomorrow s Economic Vitality Educational Attainment of Working Adults Aged 25 to 64, New England, and the (2009) Less than High School 26.0 New England 28.1 High School Some College, No Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey Profound High School and Baccalaureate Completion Gaps s minority attainment gap is the 5th largest in the nation. 55.2% of minorities have never enrolled in postsecondary education. Of those who enrolled in college, only 52.8% completed a degree, compared to 75% for whites. About 20% of college credentials in the academic year were awarded to minority students. With 23.7% of adults of color holding a college degree, increasing degree and certificate productivity among minorities might be a viable education and workforce strategy Associates Bachelor's Graduate or Professional Overall College Attainment Very High 46.4% of adults aged 25 to 64 hold an associate s degree or higher, compared to 38% nationally. ranks second in the nation in the percent of workers with a bachelor s degree or higher. Graduate degree attainment is substantially higher than the regional and national averages. A higher percentage of these workers increases median incomes. Educational Attainment of Whites and Minorities (Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans Aged 25 to 44 (2009) Less Than High School High School Graduate or GED Whites Some College, No Minorities Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey Associate's Bachelor's Graduate or Professional Prepared by the Education Commission of the States (ECS) and the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) 1

3 Investing in Individuals and Society through College Completion How Well Does Provide Postsecondary Education to Its Residents? Directly from High School U.S. Top State - Mississippi year olds U.S. Top State - Rhode Island year olds U.S. Top State - New Mexico College Participation Rates and Productivity in by Age Group Credentials awarded per 1, year olds with no college degree Top State - North Dakota Credentials awarded per 100 Full-Time Equivalent Undergraduates Top State - Rhode Island Overall Attainment High Despite Average Productivity ranks 10th in the nation in the percent of high school graduates who immediately enroll in college. However, participation for adults lags behind the national average. ranks 29 th in the nation in degree productivity that is, the total number of credentials awarded per 100 FTE undergraduates. Source: NCES, Common Core Data and IPEDS Residency and Migration Survey, IPEDS Enrollment Survey; U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Student Pipeline Highlights College Completion Challenges While graduates substantially more high school students than the national average, completion rates are only marginally greater. completion for recent high school graduates is substantially lower than the state s overall attainment levels. Public postsecondary institutions awarded 54% of total degrees and certificates produced in in the academic year. However, private postsecondary institutions were far more productive producing 27 credentials per 100 enrolled students, compared to 23 for public institutions Student Pipeline For Every th Graders Graduate from High School within Four Years Go Directly to College Still Enrolled in Second Year Graduate within 150% of Program Time Source: NCES CCD 2008; IPEDS 2008; 2008 IPEDS GRS Prepared by the Education Commission of the States (ECS) and the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) 2

4 Investing in Individuals and Society through College Completion How Competitive Are s Work Conditions for College Graduates? Percentages of College Educated Workers in the Workforce Top State - Maryland Top State - Virginia Top State - Maryland % of workers earning low wages % of workers employed in high-tech occupations % of workers employed in management/professional occupations Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey (Public Use Microdata Samples) Job Outlook for College Graduates Strong Three out of four college graduates are employed in a hightech field or professional occupation. This ratio is a partial explanation for why median wages for college graduates are so high. 18.4% of college graduates earn less than $28,000 per year, the third-lowest rate in the nation. 24% of credentials produced in 2009 were in STEM and healthrelated professions, compared to 30% nationally. Two out of Three Jobs Will Require Postsecondary Training According to the Georgetown Center for Education and the Workforce, 65% of jobs (1,200,000 jobs) in 2018 will require some form of postsecondary training. About 45% of all jobs will require a college degree. 42% of jobs for college graduates are in high-paying fields like business/finance, STEM, and health care. The New England Economic Partnership estimates 45% of jobs lost during the recession were in construction and manufacturing. Estimated Number of Undergraduate Credentials Needed to Meet Workforce Demands in by 2018 Managerial and Professional Office Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Some College Associates Bachelor's Total Sales and Office Support Food and Personal Services Blue Collar Healthcare Education Community Services and Arts Some College (Including Certificates) 364,428 Associate 166,433 Bachelor s 426,132 Total 956, Source: Georgetown University, Center on Education and the Workforce. Help Wanted: Projections of Jobs and Education Requirements through Prepared by the Education Commission of the States (ECS) and the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) 3

5 Investing in Individuals and Society through College Completion Coming and Going: Do Educated Workers Stay in? Significant Importer of College Educated Workers is a net importer of workers. The influx of workers with bachelor s and advanced degrees supplements homegrown college attainment. The high number of degrees imported into the state masks degree attainment challenges among natives, particularly students of color. 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, ,000 Average Annual Net Migration of 22 to 64 Year Olds by Education Level ( ) 2, ,197 3,270 The loss of people with some college, but no degree includes those with certificates and other sub-associate degree credentials. -2,000-3,000 Less than High School High School Graduate Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey (Public Use Microdata Samples) Observations and Policy Diagnosis The college attainment rate in is the second highest in the, despite the fact that college participation and degree productivity is ranked near the national average. Interestingly, is in a similar position as other high attainment states, such as Colorado, Maryland and New Jersey. All four states rank in the top five in degree attainment and benefit from a robust economy, high median wages for college educated residents and a net migration of highly-skilled workers. However, they still have significant challenges in terms of degree attainment among state residents, particularly minorities. To maintain s economic competitiveness, policymakers should consider ways to leverage state resources to improve postsecondary participation for adults and minorities. To increase postsecondary participation and degree productivity, state leaders should consider strategies that: Improve upon the current level of degree completion by providing incentives for older adults and minority students to enroll in and complete college. Evaluate current programs in light of existing state needs and target resources toward strategies that specifically address those needs. Special attention should be given to measuring the impact of legislative actions associated with both college completion and workforce development. Meet the long-term need for bachelor s and graduate degrees, while also exploring ways to leverage investments in community college to advance low-skill workers through associate degree and certificate programs. Assess the scope, funding and impact of financial aid on college participation and college completion for students of color. -1,931 Some College, No Associates Bachelors Strengthen partnerships with the private sector to create career pathways that attract adults to high-earning occupational fields. Graduate or Professional Prepared by the Education Commission of the States (ECS) and the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) 4

6 Appendix: Measures for College Completion and Impact on the Economy with Notation for Top 10 and Bottom 10 State Ranks State Percent of Adults 25 to 64 with College s (2009) Difference in College Attainment between Young and Older Adults (2009) Difference in College Attainment between Whites and Minorities (2009) Percent of High School Graduates Going Directly to College (Fall 2008) Year Olds Enrolled in College (2009) Year Olds Enrolled in College (2009) Adults 18 to 64 with Just a High School Diploma or Less, Living in Families Earning Less than a Living Wage Adults 18 to 64 with Some College, No, Living in Families Earning Less than a Living Wage Adults 18 to 64 with No College, Who Speak English "Not Well" or "Not at All" Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Prepared by the Education Commission of the States (ECS) and the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) 5

7 Appendix (cont.): Measures for College Completion and Impact on the Economy with Notation for Top 10 and Bottom 10 State Ranks State Undergraduate Awards (One Year and More) per 100 FTE Undergraduates, STEM Credentials Awarded per 1,000 STEM Employees ( ) Health Credentials Awarded per 1,000 Health Employees ( ) Undergraduate Credentials Awarded per 1, to 44 Year Olds with No College, Adults 25 to 64 with College s Employed in Management and Professional Occupations Adults 25 to 64 with College s Employed in High Tech Occupations Percent of Workers with College s Earning Low Wages (2009) Percent of Workers with Some College, No Earning Low Wages (2009) Annual Migration Rates of College -Holders ( ) Personal Income per Capita (2010) State New Economy Index (2010) Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Prepared by the Education Commission of the States (ECS) and the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) 6

8 College Completion in : The Impact on the Workforce and the Economy 700 Broadway, #810 Denver, CO