Session 5: Product Design for Sanitation Danielle Pedi, Jeff Chapin & Mimi Jenkins SanMark COP Prac99oner Training 1
Session 5: Design for Sanitation Danielle Pedi (& Jeff Chapin) SanMark COP Prac99oner Training 2
Session Goals Understand design thinking and why design is a cri9cal part of SanMark Know basic steps of design process Start assessing exis9ng latrine products in your country Understand key principles and 9ps for lowering latrine costs and reducing complexity Consider how you might apply design thinking to your country 3
Step 1. Assessment and Planning - Assess market and partnership conditions. Plan and budget for your program Step 2. Market Research - Understand poor household consumers and local businesses and supply chains Step 3. Product Design - Design affordable, desirable sanitation product/service options Step 4. Test Supply-side Strategy Design & test supply chain & business models for product delivery Step 5. Test Demand Creation Strategy Design & test promotional & marketing materials/tools/ activities Step 6. SanMark Program Implementation - Piloting and roll out of SanMark supply expansion and demand creation activities Step 7. Monitoring - Monitor for results and equity 4
Design Principles 5
Start with people. Beginner s mind. 6
Diverse perspective help create innovation. 7
Create choices: How might we... 8
Design Thinking & Process 9
Design Thinking Address the user s Sanita9on entire Marke9ng Community experience of Prac9ce 10
Design Process Iterative process: Engaging users to be inspired to create ideas, build ideas, test with more users Sanita9on Marke9ng Community of Prac9ce WASH Reference Group 11
Inspiration
Inspiration: Interview Style Small team, local representation, one-on-one and small group Sanita9on Marke9ng Community of Prac9ce 13 conversations. Quality over WASH quantity. Reference Group
Inspiration: Extreme Users Look for inspiration at the edges. Look for positive deviants already innovating 14
Inspiration: Look for references Study what people are familiar with. Build off existing references & behaviors. 15
Inspiration: What s not working Find out why people are not using available products & services. Study past project WASH failures Reference Group to understand why. 16
Ideation
Ideation: Brainstorm & Workshops Intense activities with a diverse group to generate a lot of ideas quickly. Build models, sketch. A good idea can come from anyone. Bring in external ideas look outside. 18
Ideation: Prototypes Don t go empty handed. Always bring something people things to talk about and compare from the very start 19
Ideation: Prototypes Build & test prototypes to answer your questions all the way 20 through the process. Take WASH them Reference to Group users & businesses.
Implementation
Implementation: Talk to business Understand how the product will actually be made & what it will actually cost. 22
Implementation: Manufacturing Work with final producers to maintain the design intent as the design Sanita9on shifts Marke9ng Community during of Prac9ce manufacturing. 23
Implementation: Transport Think about how things will be transported, stored & stacked. 24
Implementation: Installation Know how the product will be installed. Tools, skills, labor, costs. 25
Implementation: Share ideas Network, share, learn, improve: Design is NEVER done. 26
There are lots of possible solutions.
Design Process Iterative: 4 8 iterations before finalizing Sanita9on Marke9ng Community of Prac9ce WASH Reference Group 28
Latrine Design Affordability Aspira9on Accessibility Finding the sweet Sanita9on spot Marke9ng Community involves of Prac9ce trade-offs 29
Managing the process Create the Design Brief Budget and scope the effort Find the Design Team Prepare research and tes9ng protocols & detailed plan Meet regularly through the process 30
Design Brief 31
Budget, resources, process 10-16 weeks to get a finished design. Find a Lead Designer check their por`olio, not their resume. Build a team around them. Find good local people. Make sure the plan makes sense where will they go? What will they ask? How will they use the informa9on? Prototype? Implement? Bring sector players together for review 2-3 9mes during the process. This builds ownership and ensures input. 32
Exercise 1: What kinds of latrine design options already exist? 33
Common Unsubsidized Latrines Where are these designs found? How much does it cost for material and labor? What are the technical features? Who can afford this design? 34
Exercise 2: How do households purchase and build them? 35
Cambodia: Before 36
Cambodia: After 37
38
Mapping the pathway to purchase What does the household need to build? How does the household know what to collect and buy? Who buys what from where? How many shops/ places do they need to go? Who organizes and pays for transport? How long does it take to get everything they need? Who builds?how long does it take? What are the COSTS (cash, 9me) at every step of the way? 39
Tips for lowering costs & increasing desirability 40
Re-engineer. Typical designs are over-engineered. Decrease weight, reduce amount of material. 41
Re-engineer. Design for real load cases will save materials & money in short term. Design for durability will save money in long term. 42
Go smaller. Costs go up exponentially as latrines get larger more materials are required. 43
Right-size the pits. Large, deep pits get very expensive. And they will rarely fill up before pit collapse, slab collapse or other failure. 44
Reduce the labor. Minimize mason labor or enable self-installation. Demystify the installation process. 45
Cast on site. Consider alternatives to poured concrete to lower material inputs. 46
Standardize a small range. Too many options leads to paralysis by analysis. If every option is custom-built, it is WASH difficult Reference Group to ensure quality. 47
Offer multiple price points. Related products at different prices offers access to functional benefit at different Sanita9on Marke9ng rungs Community of Prac9ce the sanitation ladder. 48
Consolidate products. Pre-casting, prefabrication, packaging. Bring the latrine to the consumer. WASH Reference Make Group shopping easy. 49
Choose-your-own shelter. Let households decide what materials they want to use. Shelters can match the 50 housing material.
Choose the right price, not the lowest price.. Appeal to emotion and aspiration not just to functional and price attributes. 51
How might you (re)design for affordability and desirability? 52
For more inspiration Human Centred Design Toolkit hhp://www.ideo.com/work/human- centered- design- toolkit/ HCD Connect: www.hcdconnect.org Posi9ve Deviance Ini9a9ve: www.posi9vedeviance.org 53