Energy and raw materials from wastewater STREAM 2 nd Summer School Henry van Veldhuizen, Strategic Advisor Watercycle Rome, September 24 th 2012
Contents Dutch Water boards Theory Future STP Energy Factory Resource Factory Examples from Holland Conclusions
Water board Vallei & Eem Amsterdam Waterschap Vallei & Eem 107.000 ha 627.500 inhabitants 8 STP s with 800.000 p.e.
Per 1-1-2013 Waterschap Vallei & Veluwe 200.000 ha 1.200.500 inhabitants 16 STP s with 1.500.000 p.e. Vallei en Veluwe
(international) cooperation innovation! knowledge sharing Energy Waste water Ambition Clean Water Sludge Sand Nutrients Paper fibres Fuel, bioplastics, metals
How reducing energy? Reduction of energy consumption and CO 2 emission by: More energy production from sewage Decoupling Carbon and Nitrogen removal More biogas production Higher efficiency (CHP, ORC, fuel cell) Less energy consumption in the treatment process Aeration, anammox Useful application of excess heat Sludge drying, heating households Gaining heat from wastewater
Energy factory Total primary energy use NL estimates 2007 100% = 3348 PJ Electricity 20% Heat < 100 C 25% Feedstock 21% Mobility 15% Source: CBS,2007; Ecofys duurzame warmte & koude, 2007 Heat > 100 C 19%
Energy factory Operationeel 100% Afkoppelen van verhardingen 25% Minder drinkw ater gebruik 136 7 129 14 Thermisch Chemisch Warm w ater bij huishoudens Bestaande situatie op RWZI Basisvariant energiefabriek Plusvariant energiefabriek Opt. plusvariant energie fabriek Nieuw e sanitatie 143 23 104 39 85 58 51 106 78 41 1400 610 netto energiegebruik potentiele opbrengst of besparing 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Energiegebruik in kwh per huishouden/jaar
Dutch Initiatives WWTP as Energy factory (> 12 dutch wwtp s) Energy agreement 2005 2020 (State Waterboards) 30% energy reduction Climate agreement 2010 2020 (State Waterboards) + 30% CO2 reduction Next step: WWTP as Resource factory
Dutch Initiatives 2009: Energy factory, WWTP Energy Neutral 2010: Climate agreement 2010 2020 (State Waterboards) 2020: 30% CO2 reduction 2020: 30% improvement energy efficiency 2020: 40% self sufficient 2050: energy neutral Research on recycle of raw materials 2012: WWTP as factory of raw materials
Examples WWTP Amersfoort: WWTP as Energy factory WWTP Apeldoorn and Amersfoort: Anammox /DEMON WWTP Apeldoorn: Heat delivery WWTP Epe: Nereda
Huidige situatie WWTP Amersfoort Capacity: 300.000 p.e. 9.000 m3/h Effluent requirements: N = 10 mg/l, P = 0,2 mg/l
WWTP Amersfoort: Pretreatment Presettling Aeration Sec. clarifiers Sand filtration Gravity Thickener Sludge digestion Belt Thickener Surplus sludge Woudenberg Digested sludge Nijkerk en Soest centrifuges CHP Discharge to incineration
WWTP Amersfoort Current energy measures and results Biogas filtration 2010 with activated carbon Introduction bubble aeration 2011 results Existing Future Plans WWTP Amersfoort Research Sustainable WWTP Factory Amersfoort
10.000.000 8.000.000 kwh/y 6.000.000 Introduction bubble aeration 4.000.000 2.000.000 Biogas filtration with activated carbon - 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 total electricity consumption electricity generation by CHP electricity for aeration electricity purchase
Measures à Energy self sufficiency increased from 30% -55% 2012 De-ammonification rejection water (Anammox) 2013 Replacement CHP by high efficiency CHP à Expected Energy self sufficiency: > 60%
Research Sustainable WWTP Amersfoort Challenge: sustainable and cost efficient WWTP Approach: Organics to biogas, instead of aerobic sludge growth Centralisation of digestion i.c.w. application sludge disintegration Residual heat for sludge drying Phosphorus recovery
Scenario study Three variants on reference (existing plans) 1: Central: Central digestion (CG)+ TPH à cost saving à more energy 2: P-route: CG + TPH + bio-p + P-recovery à less chemicals à P-recovery 3: Drying: CG + TDH + Drying à cost saving à much more energy à large risk s in heat balance and costs
Comparison Scenario reference CD + TPH P- route Sludge Drying Self sufficiency (Amersfoort) Self sufficiency Electricity (region) 61% 85% 86% 150% 50% 63% 64% 104%
Comparison Scenario reference CD + TPH P-route Sludge Drying P-recovery 0 0 ~40% 0 Usage Chemicals 400 430 220 430 (ton metal/y) Sludge dry weight 24% 29% 30% 90% Sludge volume 100% 79% 66% 34% Risc Profile hardly limited medium large
Comparison Scenario reference CD + TPH P-route Sludge Drying Investment (M ) 6,0 9,4 13,5 17,4 Operational costs (M ) 4,0 3,4 2,7 2,4 Yearly costs (M ) 4,6 4,3 4,1 4,1 Pay back time (y) 0 5,6 6,1 7,3
Thermal chain WWTP; future situation, same energy concept Quality Energy source Electricity 29.200 GJ Conversion tech Proces 500 C Natural gas 5.000 GJ Biogas 99.300 GJ Sludge 90.800 GJ 90% CHP THP 18.700 GJ 100 C 10% Boiler SH 1.200 GJ 50 C Digestion 14.400 GJ 20 C Dig. sludge 19.100 GJ Effluent 93.300 GJ Legenda Heat (Bio)gas Mineral rec 1.600 GJ Surplus heat* 13.800 GJ Electricity
Conclusions Energy Factory The research project has gained a lot of knowledge exchange and innovation opportunities An energy neutral WWTP is possible with existing techniques and lower total costs Focussing on sustainability leads to new opportunities, but also an improved existing operation The heat balance becomes important by introduction of new energy techniques like TPH, ORC and sludge drying
Anammox Geschikt voor warme geconcentreerde stromen Circa 70% minder beluchting/energie Geen C-bron nodig Toegepast op rejectiewater Onderzoek naar toepassing op waterlijn (Dokhaven)
Inners: Innovative Energy Recovery Strategies: 11 European partners From 6 countries With one goal Making the water cycle sustainable through: Recovery of Energy Reuse of Energy Saving of Energy
Heat chain Apeldoorn
The Nereda Reactor Effluent Sludge flocs Granular sludge Wastewater luchtinblazing
Innovaties
Nereda Epe Waterboard as launching customer Cooperation with Delft University and DHV Together with 6 water boards Energy saving: 30% Cost saving: 30% Space saving: >50% Plaatje opening WA
Resource Factory Resource factory <naam> <presentatie> <datum>
Phosphorus is a finite raw material
Biomass is becoming scarce
Increasing prices
Ontwikkelingen From a linear economy oil based From Cradle to Grave
To a circular economy - biobased To Cradle2Cradle
Value levels
Wastewater: underground oil source Water, nutrients, biomass and energy become scarce in the 21e century. Wastewater contains all these resources Per year 2,000 billion litre of this 'bio-oil' through the sewers of the Netherlands. 350 WWTP s in NL have the potential to become resource factories of the future
Waste water as source for biobased economy Waste water treatment plants can produce clean water, energy, bioplastics, ethanol, cellulose and fertilizer
14.000 ton fosfaat per jaar
50% van jaarlijks Nederlands kunstmest gebruik
140.000 ton cellulose per year
3 billion plastic cups
Routekaart Arrangement industrieel gebied
Films resource factory http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tz97xzfavha http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-6yw-7kjvm
Call for participation Proposal for FP7 Deadline april 2013 Projects on recovery of raw materials Partners SME s