COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES

October 2014 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 E COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Item 3.3 of Provisional Agenda Fifteenth Regular Session Rome, 19 23 January 2015 STATUS AND TRENDS OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES - 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages I. Introduction... 1 II. State of reporting... 1 III. Breed diversity... 3 IV. Risk status of animal genetic resources... 10 V. Trends in breed status and diversity... 19 VI. Conclusions... 21 Annex 1... 22 Annex 2... 30 Tables 1. Status of information recorded in Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources... 2 2a. Mammalian species number of reported local breeds... 5 2b. Mammalian species number of reported local breeds categorized as locally adapted... 6 3a. Avian species number of reported local breeds... 6 3b. Avian species number of reported local breeds categorized as locally adapted... 6 4a. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds... 7 1 Based on data reported by National Coordinators for Management of Animal Genetic Resources to DAD-IS by June 2014. This document can be accessed using Quick Response Code on this page; a FAO initiative to minimize its environmental impact and promote greener communications. Or documents can be consulted at www.fao.org

ii CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 4b. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as locally adapted... 7 4c. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as mixed... 8 4d. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as exotic... 8 5a. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds... 8 5b. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as locally adapted... 8 5c. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as mixed... 9 6. Mammalian species number of reported international transboundary breeds by adaptedness classification... 9 7. Avian species number of reported international transboundary breeds by breed classification... 9 8. Number of extinct mammalian breeds number of locally adapted breeds in brackets... 18 9. Number of extinct avian breeds (all locally adapted)... 18 10. Years of extinction... 18 Figures 1. Proportion of national breed populations for which population figures have been reported... 2 2. Countries with updated population data since 1st March 2007... 3 3. Number of local/ransboundary and locally adapted / exotic breeds at global level... 4 4. Number of local /transboundary and locally adapted/ exotic breeds at regional level... 4 5. Number of world s breeds in different breed classes and -status category... 10 6a. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species... 12 6b. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species locally adapted category... 12 6c. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species mixed category... 13 7a. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species... 13 7b. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species locally adapted category... 14 7c. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species mixed category... 14 8a. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region... 15 8b. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region locally adapted category... 15 8c. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region mixed category... 16 9a. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region... 16 9b. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region locally adapted category... 17 9c. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region mixed category... 17

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 iii 10. Number of individuals belonging to locally adapted, mixed or exotic breed category 2005 to 2014... 19 11. Changes in status of breeds from 2006 to 2014... 20 12a. Trends in status of local breeds and number of local breeds with unknown status from 2005 to 2014... 20 12b. Trends in status of transboundary breeds and number of transboundary breeds with unknown status from 2005 to 2014... 21

iv CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 The designations employed and presentation of material in this information product are not warranted to be error free and do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on part of FAO concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The general FAO Terms and Conditions can be found at following URL: http://data.fao.org/terms The source for names of administrative units is Food and Agriculture Organization Names of Countries and Territories (NOCS). The primary source of boundaries and administrative units is Food and Agriculture Organization Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL). Disputed boundaries and undetermined regions have been added based on United Nations Cartographic Section, Department of Field Support maps. More information can be found using following resources: Names of Countries and Territories (NOCS) Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (UNFAO) http://termportal.fao.org/faonocs/appl/ Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL) Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (UNFAO) http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home?uuid=f7e7adb0-88fd-11da-a88f-000d939bc5d8 United Nations Cartographic Section, Department of Field Support. http://www.un.org/depts/cartographic/english/htmain.htm

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 1 I. Introduction In line with request of Twelfth Regular Session of Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, this report follows structure set out in document Format and content of future status and trends reports on animal genetic resources, 2 taking into account amendments requested by Commission at its Fourteenth Regular Session. The analysis is based on FAO s Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, backbone of Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS). It updates data published in report Status and trends of animal genetic resources 2012. 3 Prior to analysis, all National Coordinators for Management of Animal Genetic Resources were asked to update ir national data as fully as possible by a set deadline and were reminded of need to enter data related to new locally adapted versus exotic breed classification set out in document Report of a consultation on definition of breed categories 4 and that y also have option of indicating that a given locally adapted breed is native to respective country. The present report begins by describing state of reporting on animal genetic resources, and progress made in this respect during reporting period. A description of current regional distribution of livestock species and breeds is n presented, followed by an overview of status of world s livestock breeds and trends in status over reporting period. In line with Commission s request, a cut-off point of ten years has been introduced into calculation of trends in status and diversity: Any breed for which no population data have been reported for ten years is now considered to be of unknown status. Trends were calculated on basis of most up-to-date current and historical data available in DAD-IS as of 18 June 2014. The report presents set of resource indicators set out in document Targets and indicators for animal genetic resources 5 and agreed upon by Commission at its Fourteenth Regular Session. The annexes to report provide a detailed breakdown of state of reporting, by country and by region. II. State of reporting The Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources currently contains data from 182 countries and 38 species. The total number of national breed populations recorded in Global Databank has increased during reporting period (Table 1). The total number of mammalian national breed populations recorded in June 2014 was 11 062, as compared 10 712 in June 2012. The total number of avian national breed populations recorded in 2014 was 3 807, as compared to 3 482 in 2012. Since 2012, percentage of avian national breed populations for which any population data (including also those were no updates have been provided during last ten years) are available has increased from 48 percent to 56 percent, while in case of mammals re has been an improvement from 57 percent to 60 percent not applying ten year cut-off point as described above (Table 1). Twenty-seven countries updated ir national data in 2013 and 53 in 2014. However, for 78 percent of national breed populations, no data on population size have been reported for any of last four years (2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014). Figure 1 provides a regional breakdown of reporting figures. The number of breed populations recorded by countries in European and Caucasus region has increased by 265 for avian breeds and 315 for mammalian breeds compared to 2012. Despite this large increase in number of breed populations reported, percentage of breed populations for which population figures have been reported stayed same as in 2012 (84 percent) for mammalian breed populations and increased for avian breed populations from 65 percent in 2012 to 77 percent in 2014. However, updating activities differ significantly between countries and regions. Figure 2 provides insight into global updating activities of population size data since March 2007, revealing big gaps in many regions of world. In line with Commission s request, DAD-IS has been furr developed so as to allow entry of data indicating wher breed populations are locally adapted or exotic to respective country. National Coordinators were invited to enter se data for all ir national breed populations. By June 2014, 12 504 national breeed populations remained unclassified by National Coordinators. Because 2 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-5/09/3.2 (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/genetics/documents/itwg_angr_5_09_3_2.pdf). 3 CGRFA-13/11/Inf.17 (http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/022/am649e.pdf). 4 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-7/12/Inf.7 5 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-7/12/7

2 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 such a large number of unclassified breed populations would have precluded any interpretation of indicators that involve use of new breed classification, empty breed classification fields were provisionally filled for purpose of calculating and testing se indicators. Based on assumption that local and regional transboundary breeds are more likely to be locally adapted than international transbondary breeds, unclassified breeds belonging to first two distribtional categories were assigned to locally adapted category and international transboundary breeds assigned to exotic category. Due to lack of data regarding adaptedness class of breeds provided by National coordinators, figures and tables based on this classification system can only be considered as examples for presenting such type of data in future reports. Table 1. Status of information recorded in Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources Year of analysis Mammalian species Number of national breed populations % with population data Number of national breed populations Avian species % with population data Countries covered 1993 2719 53 - - 131 1995 3019 73 863 85 172 1999 5330 63 1049 77 172 2006 10512 43 3505 39 181 2008 10550 52 3450 47 181 2010 10507 54 3414 47 182 2012 10712 57 3482 48 182 2014 11062 60 3807 56 182 No data recorded for Andorra, Brunei Darussalam, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Monaco, Nauru, Qatar, San Marino, Singapore, South Sudan, Timor-Leste, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara. Figure 1. Proportion of national breed populations for which population figures have been reported

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 3 Figure 2. Countries with updated population data since 1st March 2007 Countries with updated population data Countries without single update of population data III. Breed diversity A global total of 8 774 breeds (compared to 8 262 in 2012 and 8 054 in 2010) have been reported; 7 718 are local breeds (compared to7 020 in 2012 and 7 001 in 2010) and 1 056 are transboundary breeds (compared to and 1 060 in 2014 and 1 053 in 2010). Among transboundary breeds, 510 (compared to 509 in 2012 and 504 in 2010) are regional transboundary breeds (occur in only one region) and 546 (compared to 551 in 2012 and 549 in 2010) are international transboundary breeds (occur in more than one region). A total of 647 breeds (compared to of 628 in 2012 and 631 in 2010) are classified as extinct, of which 4 (compared to 7 in 2012 and 2010) are transboundary breeds (3 regional and 1 international). In following analysis of breed diversity, extinct breeds are excluded. Figure 3 shows, in inner ring, share of local, regional transboundary and international transboundary breeds among mammalian and avian breeds of world. More than two-thirds of reported breeds are mammalian. Among mammals, number of regional transboundary breeds is slightly higher than number of international transboundary breeds. Conversely, in avian species, re are twice as many international transboundary breeds as re are regional transboundary breeds. The outer ring of Figure 3 shows number of breeds that are classified as locally adapted and number classified as exotic. The mixed category refers to transboundary breeds whose national populations are not all assigned to same adaptedness category. As many breed classifications remain provisional (see above), results must be interpreted with caution. However, majority of breeds reported to DAD-IS seem to be locally adapted. In all regions of world, mammalian breeds outnumber avian breeds (Figure 4, inner ring). There is, however, considerable variation between regions in terms of shares of locally adapted and exotic breeds in total number of breeds. In Europe and Caucasus, Asia, and Near and Middle East, locally adapted breeds make up between 80 and 87 percent of all breeds. In Africa, and Latin America and Caribbean, share of locally adapted breeds is smaller, but still exceeds 60 percent of all breeds. Conversely, breeds of exotic or mixed category make up more than 50 percent of total in Southwest Pacific and North America (Figure 4, outer ring). Regional transboundary mammalian breeds are relatively numerous in Europe and Caucasus. It is only in Europe and Caucasus that re are a significant number of regional transboundary avian breeds.

4 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 3. Number of local/ransboundary and locally adapted / exotic breeds at global level International transboundary mammalian breeds Regional transboundary mammalian breeds Local mammalian breeds Exotic Locally adapted Mixed International transboundary avian breeds Regional transboundary avian breeds Local avian breeds Figure 4. Number of local /transboundary and locally adapted/ exotic breeds at regional level

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 5 Note that international transboundary breeds are counted in each region where y occur. Therefore, for this category of breeds, global total is not sum of regional totals. Tables 2a and 3a, respectively, show number of reported local breeds of mammalian and avian species for each region of world. For most livestock species, Europe and Caucasus or Asia has highest number of local breeds. The dromedary, with most local breeds located in Africa and Near and Middle East, and guinea pig, with most local breeds located in Latin America and Caribbean, are exceptions to this pattern. The totals in some categories have fallen, because countries have corrected ir inventories. Tables 2b and 3b, respectively, show, for each region of world, number of reported local breeds of mammalian and avian species that are classified as locally adapted. The figures in tables 2a and 3a differ only slightly from those in 2b and 3b, respectively. As described above, local breeds that, at time analysis was undertaken, had not been categorized by National Coordinators were all provisionally assigned to locally adapted category. Table 2a. Mammalian species number of reported local breeds Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Ass 20 39 50 24 16 5 3 157 Bactrian camel 0 9 3 0 0 0 0 12 Buffalo 2 90 9 11 8 1 2 123 Cattle 176 241 369 141 43 17 32 1019 Dromedary 46 13 1 0 23 0 2 85 Goat 96 183 218 28 34 6 11 576 Guinea pig 4 0 0 13 0 0 0 17 Horse 40 138 371 84 14 22 25 694 Pig 53 214 188 60 1 12 15 543 Rabbit 11 16 186 18 5 0 0 236 Sheep 117 262 613 51 53 21 38 1155 Yak 0 25 2 0 0 1 0 28 Ors 8 16 76 15 0 4 8 127 Total 573 1246 2086 445 197 89 136 4772 Note :Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for Alpaca, American bison, deer, dog, dromedary Bactrian camel, guanaco, llama and vicuña are combined in ors category

6 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Table 2b. Mammalian species number of reported local breeds categorized as locally adapted Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Ass 20 39 50 23 16 5 3 156 Bactrian camel 0 9 3 0 0 0 0 12 Buffalo 2 89 8 11 8 1 2 121 Cattle 175 239 327 131 43 17 32 964 Dromedary 46 13 1 0 23 0 2 85 Goat 95 180 209 28 33 6 11 562 Guinea pig 4 0 0 13 0 0 0 17 Horse 40 137 332 77 14 22 25 647 Pig 52 214 179 59 1 12 15 532 Rabbit 11 16 184 10 5 0 0 226 Sheep 117 260 583 43 52 21 38 1114 Yak 0 25 1 0 0 1 0 27 Ors 8 16 76 15 0 4 8 127 Total 570 1237 1953 410 195 89 136 4590 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for Alpaca, American bison, deer, dog, dromedary Bactrian camel, guanaco, llama and vicuña are combined in ors category Table 3a. Avian species number of reported local breeds Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Chicken 129 305 912 88 35 15 30 1514 Duck 15 92 107 22 4 1 12 253 Goose 10 44 119 5 2 0 2 182 Muscovy duck 5 9 6 1 1 0 2 24 Ostrich 6 2 3 0 0 0 1 12 Partridge 2 8 2 0 0 0 0 12 Pheasant 0 7 5 6 0 0 0 18 Pigeon 7 12 35 7 8 1 2 72 Turkey 11 11 40 11 3 11 5 92 Ors 39 27 31 12 1 14 0 124 Total 224 517 1260 152 54 42 54 2303 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for cassowary, Chilean tinamou, duck Muscovy duck, emu, guinea fowl, ñandu, peacock, quail and swallow are combined in ors category. Table 3b. Avian species number of reported local breeds categorized as locally adapted Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Chicken 123 295 902 77 35 15 30 1477 Duck 15 91 107 19 4 1 12 249 Goose 10 44 119 5 2 0 2 182 Muscovy duck 5 9 6 1 1 0 2 24 Ostrich 6 2 3 0 0 0 1 12 Partridge 2 8 2 0 0 0 0 12 Pheasant 0 7 5 1 0 0 0 13 Pigeon 7 12 35 2 8 1 2 67 Turkey 11 11 39 9 3 11 5 89 Ors 38 27 31 11 1 14 0 122 Total 217 506 1249 125 54 42 54 2247 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for cassowary, Chilean tinamou, duck Muscovy duck, emu, guinea fowl, ñandu, peacock, quail and swallow are combined in ors category.

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 7 Tables 4a and 5a, respectively, show number of reported regional transboundary breeds of mammalian and avian species in each region of world. For several mammalian species, including sheep, horses and pigs, Europe and Caucasus, has highest number of regional transboundary breeds. Africa has a relatively large share of regional transboundary breeds in most of se species. Africa has more regional transboundary breeds of cattle and goats than any or region. Europe and Caucasus, however, has by far highest number of regional transboundary breeds among avian species. The existence of significant numbers of regional transboundary breeds has implications for management and conservation of animal genetic resources, and highlights need for cooperation at regional or subregional levels. Tables 4b to 4d and 5b to 5d, respectively, show number of reported regional transboundary breeds of mammalian and avian species in each region of world that are classified as locally adapted, mixed and exotic. At this stage, because most national breed populations have not been categorized by ir respective National Coordinators, figures mainly reflect assumption that regional transboundary breeds can be considered to be locally adapted. Table 4a. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Ass 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 8 Buffalo 0 9 1 1 0 0 0 11 Cattle 36 20 30 6 1 2 1 96 Deer 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 Dromedary 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Goat 16 12 14 2 0 5 1 50 Guinea pig 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Horse 7 10 36 4 0 4 0 61 Pig 3 2 17 5 0 2 0 29 Rabbit 3 0 32 1 0 0 0 36 Sheep 24 14 74 3 4 6 3 128 South American camelids 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 Total 93 72 206 27 5 19 5 427 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 4b. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as locally adapted Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Ass 3 3 0 1 0 0 0 7 Buffalo 0 9 1 1 0 0 0 11 Cattle 35 20 19 4 1 2 1 82 Deer 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 Dromedary 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Goat 16 12 13 2 0 5 1 49 Guinea pig 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Horse 7 10 26 4 0 4 0 51 Pig 3 2 16 4 0 2 0 27 Rabbit 3 0 16 0 0 0 0 19 Sheep 24 14 45 2 4 6 3 98 South American camelids 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 Total 92 72 137 22 5 19 5 352 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. World World

8 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Table 4c. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as mixed Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Ass 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Cattle 1 0 7 2 0 0 0 10 Goat 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Horse 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 8 Rabbit 0 0 13 1 0 0 0 14 Sheep 0 0 24 1 0 0 0 25 Total 1 0 54 4 0 0 0 59 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 4d. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as exotic Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Cattle 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 4 Horse 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 Pig 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 Rabbit 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 Sheep 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 Total 0 0 15 1 0 0 0 16 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 5a. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Chicken 4 3 42 0 0 0 0 49 Duck 0 2 12 0 0 0 0 14 Goose 0 2 7 0 0 0 0 9 Quail 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Turkey 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 7 Total 4 8 68 0 0 0 0 80 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 5b. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as locally adapted Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Chicken 4 3 42 0 0 0 0 49 Duck 0 2 12 0 0 0 0 14 Goose 0 2 7 0 0 0 0 9 Quail 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Turkey 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 4 Total 4 8 65 0 0 0 0 77 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. World World World World

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 9 Table 5c. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as mixed Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Turkey 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 Total 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 World Tables 6 and 7, respectively, show numbers of reported international transboundary mammalian and avian breeds falling within each of adaptedness categories. Cattle, sheep, horses and chickens are species that have highest numbers of international transboundary breeds. Around two-thirds of international transboundary horse and cattle breeds fall within mixed category. Different national breed populations within se breeds have been allocated to different categories by respective National Coordinators. In case of sheep, percentage of breeds falling within mixed category is also quite high, at 58 percent. Table 6. Mammalian species number of reported international transboundary breeds by adaptedness classification Species Locally adapted Mixed Exotic Total Alpaca 0 2 0 2 Ass 1 0 4 5 Bactrian camel 0 0 2 2 Buffalo 0 1 3 4 Cattle 3 71 35 109 Deer 2 1 7 10 Dromedary 0 1 1 2 Goat 2 14 20 36 Horse 1 42 20 63 Pig 2 14 14 30 Rabbit 0 8 15 23 Sheep 1 57 41 99 Total 12 211 162 385 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 7. Avian species number of reported international transboundary breeds by breed classification Species Locally adapted Mixed Exotic Total Cassowary 0 0 1 1 Chicken 2 51 53 106 Duck (domestic) 0 2 10 12 Emu 0 0 1 1 Goose (domestic) 0 1 13 14 Guinea fowl 0 0 5 5 Muscovy duck 0 1 0 1 Ostrich 0 0 3 3 Pigeon 0 0 1 1 Turkey 0 11 5 16 Total 2 66 92 160 Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds.

10 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 IV. Risk status of animal genetic resources As noted above, since last status and trends report was prepared, method for assigning breeds to -status categories has been amended by introduction of a cut-off point of ten years, beyond which status of a breed is considered to be unknown if no updated population data have been reported. The results presented in this section are refore not directly comparable to those presented in Status and trends of animal genetic resources 2012 6. Trends based on figures that are comparable over time are presented in Section V of this report. A total of 1 458 breeds (17 percent of all breeds including those that are extinct) are classified as being. The percentage of breeds classified as being of unknown status has increased from 34 percent in 2012 to 58 percent in 2014, mainly because of above-mentioned new calculation method. The figures present a more realistic picture of state of data availability than equivalent figures did in past reports. The inner ring of left hand side of Figure 5 shows that, for mammalian species, proportion of breeds classified as is lower overall (16 percent) than for avian species (17 percent). However, in absolute terms, number of breeds is higher for mammalian species (955 breeds) than for avian species (503 breeds). Comparing right and left-hand side of Figure 5 shows that vast majority of breeds and almost all extinct breeds are classified as locally adapted breeds. Figure 6a presents -status data for mammalian species. It can be seen that horse, sheep and cattle are mammalian species with highest number of breeds. However, rabbits (45 percent) followed by horses (22 percent) and asses (17 percent) are species that have highest proportions of breeds. Figure 6a also shows large number of breeds for which no -status data are available. The problem is particularly significant in some species 93 percent for deer breeds, 66 percent for ass breeds and 98 percent for dromedary breeds. This lack of data is a serious constraint to effective prioritization and planning of breed conservation measures. Cattle are species with highest number of breeds (184) reported as extinct. Large numbers of extinct breeds of sheep (160), pig (107) and horse (87) are also reported. It should be noted that some breeds may have become extinct before y were documented. Any such breeds will, clearly, be missing from this analysis. Figures 6b and 6c present -status data for mammalian species, broken down by adaptedness category (locally adapted and mixed) to provide an example on how such complex data can be illustrated in future. Among avian species, chickens have by far highest number of breeds on a world scale (Figure 7a). As in case of mammalian species, re are a large number of breeds for which population figures are unavailable. Extinct breeds have mainly been reported among chickens. There are also a few cases among ducks, guinea fowl and turkeys. Figures 6b and 6c present -status data for mammalian species, broken down by adaptedness category (locally adapted and mixed). Figures 7b and 7c present equivalent figures for avian species. Figures 8a and 9a show distribution of breeds by region for mammalian and avian species. Figures 8b, 8c, 9b and 9c, split regional presentations into locally adapted and mixed categories. The regions with highest proportion of ir breeds classified as are Europe and Caucasus (31 percent of mammalian breeds and 35 percent of avian breeds) and North America (16 percent of mammalian breeds). These are regions that have most highly specialized livestock industries, in which production is dominated by a small number of breeds. In absolute terms, Europe and Caucasus region has by far highest number of at- breeds. Despite apparent dominance of se two regions, problems in or regions may be obscured by large number of breeds with unknown status. The new method for calculating status (based on ten-year cut off point) draws attention to fact that during ten years up to June 2014 countries from Latin America and Caribbean, Near and Middle East, North America or Southwest Pacific reported almost no population data for any avian breeds. Almost all (except one breed in Latin America and Caribbean) of avian breeds from se regions are refore classified as being of unknown status. Likewise, for more than 90 percent of Africa s breeds and more than 80 percent of Asia s breeds, lack of recent population data means that no status could be assigned.figure 5. Number of world s breeds in different breed classes and -status category 6 CGRFA-13/11/Inf.17 (http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/022/am649e.pdf).

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 11 Unknown Exotic Critical Locally adapted Mixed Endangered Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained Not Extinct

12 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 6a. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Alpaca Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Deer Goat Horse Llama Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Or Total Unknown 3 115 8 89 768 25 87 414 479 2 396 92 788 19 83 3368 Extinct 0 4 0 1 184 0 0 19 87 0 107 3 160 0 0 565 Total 8 174 14 139 1408 27 89 681 905 6 709 298 1542 28 121 6149 * Or: Bactrian camel dromedary crosses, guanacos, vicuñas, guinea pigs and dogs. Figure 6b. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species locally adapted category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Alpaca Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Deer Goat Horse Llama Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Or Total Unknown 3 110 7 87 702 19 86 393 428 2 382 79 726 19 83 3126 Dromedary Critical 1 9 0 3 39 0 1 34 104 1 26 73 53 0 8 352 Criticalmaintained 0 3 0 0 11 0 0 3 10 0 9 3 9 0 1 49 Endangered 0 11 0 1 67 0 0 39 67 0 42 54 86 1 20 388 Endangeredmaintained 0 6 0 0 54 0 1 15 21 0 20 5 43 0 1 166 Not 4 26 6 45 285 2 0 157 137 3 109 68 403 8 8 1261 Dromedary Critical 1 9 0 2 28 0 0 32 91 1 22 71 47 0 8 312 Criticalmaintained 0 3 0 0 10 0 0 3 10 0 9 3 9 0 1 48 Endangered 0 11 0 1 55 0 0 36 57 0 37 45 68 0 20 330 Endangeredmaintained 0 6 0 0 54 0 1 15 21 0 20 5 43 0 1 166 Not 2 25 5 42 200 0 0 134 92 3 91 42 320 8 8 972 Extinct 0 4 0 1 182 0 0 19 87 0 106 3 159 0 0 561 Total 6 168 12 133 1231 19 87 632 786 6 667 248 1372 27 121 5515 * Or: Bactrian camel dromedary crosses, guanacos, vicuñas, guinea pigs and dogs.

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 13 Figure 6c. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species mixed category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Alpaca Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Deer Goat Horse Llama Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Or Total Unknown 0 0 0 0 12 1 0 2 7 0 4 3 12 0 0 41 Extinct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 2 1 0 1 81 1 1 15 50 0 14 22 82 0 0 270 * Or: Bactrian camel dromedary crosses, guanacos, vicuñas, guinea pigs and dogs. Figure 7a. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Chicken Duck Goose Guinea fowl Muscovy duck Ostrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Quail Turkey Or Total Unknown 1089 196 133 49 23 14 12 17 52 43 97 19 1744 Critical 147 18 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 4 2 0 191 7 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Endangered 147 17 16 2 1 0 0 0 10 0 3 1 197 Dromedary Critical 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Criticalmaintained 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Endangered 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 5 0 1 3 13 0 0 28 Endangeredmaintained 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not 2 1 0 1 63 0 0 13 35 0 9 16 57 0 0 197 Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained 0% 67 15 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 105 Not 212 32 25 3 1 1 0 1 1 9 10 1 296 Extinct 60 15 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 82 Total 1729 294 208 56 25 15 12 18 73 56 117 22 2625 * Or: duck Muscovy duck crossings, Chilean tinamou, cassowaries, emus, ñandus, peacocks and swallows.

14 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 7b. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species locally adapted category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Chicken Duck Goose Guinea fowl Muscovy duck Ostrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Quail Turkey Or Total Unknown 990 183 125 44 23 12 12 12 46 42 80 17 1586 Critical 147 17 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 4 2 0 190 7 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Endangered 139 17 16 2 1 0 0 0 10 0 3 1 189 0% 67 15 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 105 Not 178 30 19 2 0 0 0 1 1 9 5 1 246 Extinct 60 15 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 82 Total 1588 278 194 50 24 12 12 13 67 55 95 20 2408 * Or: duck Muscovy duck crossings, Chilean tinamou, cassowaries, emus, ñandus, peacocks and swallows. Figure 7c. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species mixed category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Chicken Duck Goose Guinea fowl Muscovy duck Ostrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Quail Turkey Or Total Unknown 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 43 Critical 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Endangered 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained 0% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not 19 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 26 Extinct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 51 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 69 * Or: duck Muscovy duck crossings, Chilean tinamou, cassowaries, emus, ñandus, peacocks and swallows.

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 15 Figure 8a. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown 571 986 840 443 201 80 132 115 3368 Extinct 33 43 446 21 5 10 6 1* 565 Total 699 1361 2738 493 207 118 147 386 6149 *African Aurochs, which once lived in parts of both Africa and Near and Middle East regions. World Figure 8b. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region locally adapted category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown 568 977 755 407 199 80 132 8 3126 Critical 2 5 332 1 0 1 3 8 352 Criticalmaintained 1 10 36 0 0 2 0 0 49 Endangered 10 7 338 6 0 4 3 20 388 Endangeredmaintained 2 7 144 1 0 12 0 0 166 Not 80 303 602 21 1 9 3 242 1261 Critical 2 5 301 0 0 1 3 0 312 Criticalmaintained 1 10 35 0 0 2 0 0 48 Endangered 10 7 301 5 0 4 3 0 330 Endangeredmaintained 2 7 144 1 0 12 0 0 166 Not 79 303 554 19 1 9 3 4 972 Extinct 32 43 444 21 5 10 6 0 561 Total 694 1352 2534 453 205 118 147 12 5515 World

16 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 8c. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region mixed category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 34 41 Extinct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 34 41 World Figure 9a. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown 210 435 684 151 54 42 54 114 1744 Critical 0 1 189 0 0 0 0 1 191 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 10 Endangered 2 4 191 0 0 0 0 0 197 Critical 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 4 Criticalmaintained 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Endangered 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 9 28 Endangeredmaintained 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not 1 0 29 1 0 0 0 166 197 Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained 0% 0 2 103 0 0 0 0 0 105 Not 16 82 152 1 0 0 0 45 296 Extinct 2 5 75 0 0 0 0 0 82 Total 230 530 1403 152 54 42 54 160 2625 World

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 17 Figure 9b. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region locally adapted category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown 204 424 682 124 54 42 54 2 1586 Critical 0 1 189 0 0 0 0 0 190 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 10 Endangered 2 4 183 0 0 0 0 0 189 0% 0 2 103 0 0 0 0 0 105 Not 15 82 148 1 0 0 0 0 246 Extinct 2 5 75 0 0 0 0 0 82 Total 223 519 1389 125 54 42 54 2 2408 World Figure 9c. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region mixed category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 42 43 Critical 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Endangered 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained 0% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 24 26 Extinct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 66 69 World

18 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Tables 8 and 9 present number of extinct mammalian and avian breeds by species and region. Europe and Caucasus has reported far more extinct mammalian and avian breeds than any or region 7 percent of all reported breeds are extinct. The dominance of Europe and Caucasus in terms of number of breeds reported extinct may relate, at least in part, to relatively advanced state of breed inventory and monitoring in this region. The year of extinction has been reported for only 33 percent of extinct breeds (214). Thirty breeds became extinct after 2005 (Table 10). Among 565 extinct mammalian breeds, 99 percent are classified as locally adapted breeds. All extinct avian breeds are classified as locally adapted. Table 8. Number of extinct mammalian breeds number of locally adapted breeds in brackets Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest transboundary International Pacific breeds World Ass 1 (1) 0 (0) 2 (2) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 4 (4) Buffalo 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) Cattle 20 (19) 19 (19) 120 (120) 20 (20) 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 1 (0) 184 (182) Goat 1 (1) 2 (2) 16 (16) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 19 (19) Horse 6 (6) 1 (1) 71 (71) 0 (0) 0 (0) 8 (8) 1 (1) 0 (0) 87 (87) Pig 0 (0) 15 (15) 90 (89) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 107 (106) Rabbit 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 2 (2) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (3) Sheep 5 (5) 6 (6) 145 (144) 0 (0) 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 (0) 160 (159) Total 33 (32) 43 (43) 446 (444) 21 (21) 5 (5) 10 (10) 6 (6) 1 (0) 565 (561) Table 9. Number of extinct avian breeds (all locally adapted) Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Chicken 0 5 55 0 0 0 0 60 Duck 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 15 Goose 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 Guinea fowl 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Turkey 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 Total 2 5 75 0 0 0 0 82 World Table 10. Years of extinction Year Number of breeds % Unspecified 433 67 Before 1900 7 1 1900-1999 111 17 2000-2005 66 10 After 2005 30 5 Total 647 100

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 19 V. Trends in breed status and diversity Figure 10 presents data basis for newly introduced indicator supposed to show proportion of total population accounted for by locally adapted breeds and its trends. For calculation of this indicator sum of population sizes over all locally adapted national breed populations belonging to a certain species has to be divided by sum of population seizes built over all national breed populations (locally adapted and exotic) for respective species. Generally lack of population data for exotic breed populations is even more pronounced than for locally adapted breed populations and does not allow a meaningful interpretation of this indicator at this stage. The dramatic decrease in number of animal between years 2011 and 2012 in Figure 10 is caused by intensive uploading activities prior to first report on State of World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 7 until year 2001 followed by a lack of updating of population data especially for exotic breeds afterwards. The lack of updating since 2001 in combination with ten year cut-off point becomes visible in year 2012 were all non updated population sizes were set to unknown (zero). Figure 10. Number of individuals belonging to locally adapted, mixed or exotic breed category 2005 to 2014 Previous attempts to summarize global trends in breed status have been affected by confounding effects of ongoing corrections to breed inventories. The proposals for reducing effects of such changes set out in document Targets and indicators for animal genetic resources 8 were applied in calculation of figure presented below. Figure 11shows trends in genetic erosion of breeds since publication of first report on State of World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Since year 2006 proportion of breeds classified as increased from 15 to 17 percent, breeds classified as not decreased from 21 to 18 percent and percentage of breeds reported to be extinct remained stable with 7 percent. The number of breeds where no status can be calculated due to eir complete lack of information on population sizes or lack of updating of population data for a period of more than ten years is with almost 60 percent very high. 7 State of World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1250e/a1250e00.htm) 8 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-7/12/7 (http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/026/me514e.pdf).

20 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 11. Changes in status of breeds from 2006 to 2014 The figures 12a and 12b show relationship between trends in genetic diversity expressed as quadratic regression lines and number of breeds with unknown class due to missing information on population data for a period of at least 10 years. In case of local breeds re is a clear trend regarding genetic diversity of local breeds: number of breeds being is increasing over time while number of breeds not is decreasing (Fig. 12a). The trends for transboundary breeds are not that pronounced: however, number of breeds being not is decreasing while number of breeds with unknown status increases steadily. The grey charts indicate that number of local breeds with reported population data was rar high during preparation phase for first report on State of World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and decreases since n while number of transboundary breeds without reported population data in DAD-IS is increasing over last years. Figure 12a. Trends in status of local breeds and number of local breeds with unknown status from 2005 to 2014

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 21 Figure 12b. Trends in status of transboundary breeds and number of transboundary breeds with unknown status from 2005 to 2014 VI. Conclusions During period between June 2012 and June 2014 coverage of Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources improved. However, breed-related information remains far from complete. For almost 60 percent of all reported breeds, status is not known because of missing population data or lack of recent updates. The completeness of data is shown, by country, in Annexes 1 and 2. Previous attempts to summarize global trends in breed status have been affected by confounding effects of ongoing corrections to breed inventories. The proposals for reducing effects of such changes set out in document Targets and indicators for animal genetic resources 9 were applied in calculation of figures presented in present report. This allows for first time a meaningful interpretation of trends in status of breeds showing an increase of breeds being of extinction over last ten years. However, lack of population data hides real degree of erosion. National Coordinators also need to enter any historical population data that are available to m, as this will provide a more complete set of data with which to calculate trends in breed population size, breed structure and diversity. The current state of data availability and updating means that it is not possible to draw reliable conclusions regarding global trends in diversity as represented by proportion of total population accounted for by locally adapted breeds. If future status and trends reports are to provide meaningful inputs to decision-making in animal genetic resources management, re is an urgent need for National Coordinators for Management of Animal Genetic Resources to improve (i) completeness and frequency of reporting on sizes of ir national breed populations, including for exotic breeds, and (ii) to classify all ir national breed populations into adaptedness categories (locally adapted or exotic). Furrmore, as cross-bred animals probably represent majority of domestic animals in many countries a way to define cross breed populations and to capture size of national crossbred populations in DAD-IS needs to be investigated to present a realistic proportion of total population accounted for by locally adapted breeds. Due to lack of data regarding adaptedness class of breeds, figures and tables based on this classification system can only be considered as examples for presenting such type of data in future reports. 9 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-7/12/7 (http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/026/me514e.pdf).

22 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Annex 1 Status of population data reported by each country and region 1.1. Africa 1.2. Asia 1.3. Europe and Caucasus 1.4. Latin America and Caribbean 1.5. Near and Middle East 1.6. North America 1.7. Southwest Pacific This annex allows countries to view state of completeness of ir breed population data in DAD- IS. They can also see how ir progress in entering population data compares to that of or countries in ir respective regions. Two graphics are presented for each region. The first shows number of breeds for which population data have been recorded and number of breeds that have been entered into DAD-IS for which no population data have yet been recorded. The second graphic presents two furr measures of data completeness: average number of years for which population has been reported per breed and population data index. The latter relates only to breeds for which some population data have been entered it represents fraction of selected population data fields (population size, number of breeding females, number of breeding males and percentage of females bred to males of same breed) that contain data, averaged across breeds and years. The figures also show most recent year for which population data are available from a given country. Dependent territories are listed below respective country.

last year of population data CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 23 1.1 Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Côte d'ivoire Democratic Republic of Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Tunisia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe number of national breed populations recorded 0 50 100 150 200 250 Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Côte d'ivoire Democratic Republic of Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Tunisia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe population data index 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 0.40 0.33 0.37 0.28 0.26 0.38 0.31 0.35 0.37 0.31 0.26 0.32 0.27 0.29 0.33 0.29 0.28 0.34 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.48 0.51 0.51 0.53 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.56 0.54 0.59 0.58 0.61 0.75 average number of years of population data per breed 2004 1994 2004 2012 1997 2013 2003 1990 2003 2003 1992 2002 1991 1992 1991 1994 2005 1991 1991 2006 2005 2003 2010 2005 1994 2003 2013 2003 1992 2012 2005 2002 2014 2009 2003 2008 2012 2004 1991 1994 2009 2003 2009 2004 2002 2018 2004 2014 with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

last year of population data 24 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 1.2 Asia number of national breed populations recorded 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 population data index 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 Afghanistan Afghanistan 0.44 1991 Bangladesh Bangladesh 0.42 2004 Bhutan Bhutan 0.30 2012 Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Cambodia 0.73 1994 China China 0.31 2009 Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea India India 0.64 2009 Indonesia Indonesia 0.28 2013 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2003 Japan Japan 0.47 2008 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 0.61 2003 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 0.44 2004 Lao People's Democratic Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.44 2004 Malaysia Malaysia 0.75 2010 Maldives Maldives 1994 Mongolia Mongolia 0.55 2012 Myanmar Myanmar 0.82 1997 Nepal Nepal 0.45 2004 Pakistan Pakistan 0.55 2006 Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 0.50 2003 Philippines Philippines 0.49 2003 Republic of Korea Republic of Korea 0.61 2012 Singapore Singapore Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 0.31 2010 Tajikistan Tajikistan 0.41 2003 Thailand Thailand 0.41 1999 Timor-Leste Timor-Leste Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 0.45 2004 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 0.41 2003 Viet Nam Viet Nam 0.82 2010 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

last year of population data CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 25 1.3 Europe and Caucasus *A dispute exists between Governments of Argentina and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norrn Ireland concerning sovereignty over Falkland Islands (Malvinas). (Editorial directive ST/CS/SER.A/42, United Nations Secretariat, 3 August 1999)

last year of population data 26 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 1.4 Latin America and Caribbean number of national breed populations recorded 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 population data index 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.27 0.57 0.39 0.48 0.44 0.43 0.69 0.31 0.37 0.53 0.60 0.55 0.38 0.63 0.63 0.34 0.53 0.46 0.26 0.38 0.83 1994 2010 1978 2005 2010 2004 2012 2008 2004 1993 2004 2008 2001 2008 1994 1998 2000 2005 2010 2004 2004 2013 2001 2009 2005 2011 2004 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

last year of population data CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 27 1.5 Near and Middle East number of national breed populations recorded 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 population data index 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 Bahrain Bahrain Egypt Egypt 0.74 2003 Iraq Iraq 0.48 2008 Jordan Jordan 0.43 2010 Kuwait Kuwait 1.00 1992 Lebanon Lebanon 0.75 1980 Libya Libya 0.50 1995 Oman Oman 0.63 1994 Qatar Qatar Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 1.00 1992 Sudan Sudan 0.27 1994 Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic 0.59 2003 United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Yemen Yemen 0.42 2004 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

last year of population data 28 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 1.6 North America number of national breed populations recorded 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 population data index 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 Canada Canada 0.57 2001 United States of America United States of America 0.30 2013 American Samoa American Samoa Guam Guam 0.58 1992 Johnston Island Johnston Island Midway Island Midway Island Norrn Mariana Islands Norrn Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands 1990 Wake Island Wake Island 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

last year of population data CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 29 1.7 Southwest Pacific number of national breed populations recorded 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 population data index 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 Australia Australia 0.28 2011 Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Cook Islands Cook Islands 0.33 1994 Fiji Fiji 2004 Kiribati Kiribati 0.33 2004 Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Micronesia (Federated States of) Nauru Nauru New Zealand New Zealand 0.35 1993 Tokelau Tokelau Niue Niue 2000 Palau Palau Samoa Samoa 2004 Solomon Islands Solomon Islands 1995 Tonga Tonga 2001 Tuvalu Tuvalu 2002 Vanuatu Vanuatu 2002 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

30 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Annex 2 Number of local and transboundary breeds by status category reported by each country and region 2.0. Regional overview 2.1. Africa 2.2. Asia 2.3. Europe and Caucasus 2.4. Latin America and Caribbean 2.5. Near and Middle East 2.6. North America 2.7. Southwest Pacific The tables in this annex show number of local, regional transboundary and international transboundary breeds and ir respective statuses by region and by country. Dependent territories are listed below respective country. The tables will help countries to identify need for action in surveying and monitoring and in conservation. Number of local, exotic breeds for country is given in brackets. Asia 37 369 1357 0 16 64 13 133 107 2096 Europe and Caucasus 1262 652 1432 80 102 92 25 239 151 4035 Latin America and Caribbean 8 16 573 0 6 21 9 197 109 939 Near and Middle East 0 1 250 0 0 5 2 35 33 326 North America 14 6 111 5 3 11 8 113 70 341 Southwest Pacific 6 2 182 0 1 4 9 150 75 429 World 1342 1123 4610 87 147 273 29 287 229 8127 2.1 Africa Local Regional International Country not at not at not at 2.0 Regional Overview Local Regional International not at unknown known known not at un- not at un- Total Region Africa 15 77 705 2 19 76 12 173 85 1164 unknown unknown unknown Algeria 0 0 16 0 0 8 1 7 2 34 Angola 0 0 18 0 0 3 0 18 1 40 Benin 0 0 10 0 2 5 0 7 1 25 Botswana 2 1 6 0 3 3 0 39 4 58 Burkina Faso 0 0 22 0 3 7 0 15 8 55 Burundi 0 4 3 (3) 0 0 0 0 13 3 23 Cameroon 0 0 21 1 4 5 0 6 2 39 Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Central African Republic 0 0 9 0 4 2 0 6 2 23 Chad 0 0 35 0 2 9 0 3 6 55 Comoros 0 0 7 0 0 1 0 7 1 16 Congo 0 0 3 0 1 2 0 7 1 14 Côte d'ivoire 0 0 10 0 3 3 0 2 1 19 Democratic Republic of Congo 0 0 24 0 1 4 1 37 6 73 Djibouti 0 0 9 0 0 3 0 1 1 14 Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 Total

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 31 2.1 Africa Local Regional International Country not at not at not at unknown unknown unknown Eritrea 0 0 6 0 0 11 0 2 3 22 Ethiopia 0 3 66 0 1 15 0 18 6 109 Gabon 0 0 5 (1) 0 0 5 0 10 2 22 Gambia 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 4 Ghana 0 1 20 0 2 5 0 14 5 47 Guinea 0 2 4 0 2 0 0 3 0 11 Guinea-Bissau 0 0 4 0 1 1 0 12 0 18 Kenya 0 7 19 0 4 6 1 40 3 80 Lesotho 0 1 9 (4) 0 1 0 0 21 3 35 Liberia 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 Madagascar 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 14 3 34 Malawi 0 4 9 0 1 1 0 25 3 43 Mali 0 0 57 0 5 14 1 26 9 112 Mauritania 0 0 6 0 3 8 0 7 2 26 Mauritius 2 0 4 (1) 1 0 0 1 12 1 21 Morocco 0 1 41 0 0 4 0 24 9 79 Mozambique 0 0 12 0 1 3 0 13 1 30 Namibia 10 14 6 1 4 2 0 52 7 96 Niger 0 1 22 0 4 5 0 3 2 37 Nigeria 0 0 14 1 5 12 0 2 2 36 Rwanda 1 0 11 0 0 1 2 27 3 45 Sao Tome and Principe 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 18 3 28 Senegal 0 9 (1) 5 0 4 4 0 19 9 50 Seychelles 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 16 1 20 Sierra Leone 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 12 0 14 Somalia 0 0 18 0 0 5 0 4 1 28 South Africa 0 0 66 1 3 6 3 91 19 189 South Sudan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Swaziland 0 0 15 0 1 3 0 15 0 34 Togo 0 0 7 0 1 10 0 13 10 41 Tunisia 0 0 8 0 0 1 1 8 11 29 Uganda 0 0 13 0 3 7 1 14 4 42 United Republic of Tanzania 0 28 20 0 4 4 0 27 4 87 Western Sahara 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zambia 0 0 15 0 0 2 1 25 5 48 Zimbabwe 0 1 6 0 3 2 2 36 6 56 Total

32 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 2.2 Asia Local Regional International not at unknown known not at un- not at unknown Country Afghanistan 0 0 37 0 1 6 0 1 1 46 Bangladesh 0 0 48 0 2 4 1 15 11 81 Bhutan 1 21 3 0 2 0 1 8 3 39 Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cambodia 0 0 16 0 0 5 0 4 0 25 China 9 217 381 0 7 3 4 47 15 683 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 India 0 16 207 0 10 23 1 32 9 298 Indonesia 1 29 116 0 1 3 1 32 27 210 (20) Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0 0 59 0 1 4 2 10 9 85 Japan 8 7 33 0 0 1 0 26 14 89 Kazakhstan 0 0 46 0 1 8 1 12 6 74 Kyrgyzstan 0 0 26 0 0 9 0 7 7 49 Lao People's Democratic 0 0 16 0 0 3 0 4 2 25 Republic Malaysia 3 10 11 0 1 5 0 25 5 60 Maldives 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 3 1 8 Mongolia 0 1 39 0 1 5 0 10 2 58 Myanmar 0 0 19 0 0 1 1 16 4 41 Nepal 0 0 33 0 4 10 2 22 10 81 Pakistan 0 34 70 0 3 10 0 14 4 135 Papua New Guinea 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 13 0 23 Philippines 0 0 44 0 1 3 1 54 15 118 Republic of Korea 8 1 26 0 0 1 2 26 11 75 Singapore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sri Lanka 1 7 13 0 5 4 1 30 3 64 Tajikistan 0 0 20 0 1 12 0 9 1 43 Thailand 0 0 18 0 0 5 0 1 0 24 Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turkmenistan 0 0 10 0 0 8 0 5 1 24 Uzbekistan 0 0 21 0 0 12 0 7 5 45 Viet Nam 6 26 31 0 0 5 1 25 3 97 Total

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 33 2.3 Europe and Caucasus Local Regional International Country not at at not at not at unknown unknown unknown Albania 5 4 34 2 0 2 0 24 1 72 Andorra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Armenia 0 0 13 0 1 7 0 14 3 38 Austria 13 12 1 3 15 0 1 36 0 81 Azerbaijan 0 0 29 0 1 9 1 6 0 46 Belarus 0 0 15 1 1 2 0 9 1 29 Belgium 41 8 26 11 14 6 5 58 2 171 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 19 1 1 0 0 3 0 24 Bulgaria 38 (11) 27 (3) 6 (1) 2 1 1 1 26 3 105 Croatia 9 16 3 2 3 0 0 14 0 47 Cyprus 3 2 12 0 1 0 0 11 0 29 Czech Republic 23 (2) 9 (2) 4 4 14 0 1 54 2 111 Denmark 6 2 13 1 4 0 1 38 1 66 Faroe Islands 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 Greenland 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Estonia 4 5 2 2 1 2 0 26 4 46 Finland 23 8 5 2 3 1 0 37 2 81 France 0 0 278 13 7 16 5 63 13 395 French Guiana 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 French Sourn and Antarctic Territories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guadeloupe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 Martinique 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 Mayotte 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Réunion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wallis and Futuna Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Georgia 0 0 24 2 1 16 2 0 1 46 Germany 349 118 10 24 52 0 12 99 5 669 Greece 12 17 6 1 0 0 0 20 0 56 Hungary 27 18 (2) 48 (1) 5 9 4 0 60 4 175 Iceland 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 8 0 15 Ireland 14 (4) 4 20 2 6 17 4 55 46 168 Israel 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 5 12 Italy 139 73 35 2 4 1 0 22 1 277 Latvia 13 (11) 5 (3) 4 (1) 2 7 1 2 41 2 77 Liechtenstein 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lithuania 0 0 20 4 7 4 0 35 2 72 Luxembourg 114 1 0 5 20 1 2 43 3 189 Malta 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 4 0 7 Monaco 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Montenegro 3 7 3 0 1 0 0 4 0 18 Nerlands 77 (10) 23 8 (3) 25 38 4 10 109 9 303 Aruba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total

34 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 2.3 Europe and Caucasus Local Regional International not at unknown known known at not at un- not at un- Total Country Nerlands Antilles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 Norway 33 13 3 1 1 1 1 21 3 77 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Poland 72 35 16 4 13 1 2 44 2 189 Portugal 9 36 1 1 1 0 0 8 0 56 Azores Islands 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Madeira Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Republic of Moldova 0 0 17 0 2 2 0 16 8 45 Romania 0 0 94 5 5 9 0 29 12 154 Russian Federation 0 0 178 5 5 21 3 37 24 273 San Marino 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Serbia 16 1 15 4 5 2 1 42 5 91 Slovakia 18 4 5 8 21 1 4 47 11 119 Slovenia 17 8 35 (1) 5 21 3 1 48 22 160 Spain 68 88 66 1 2 0 0 19 1 245 Sweden 31 12 6 2 3 2 2 31 5 94 Switzerland 6 (2) 17 4 2 8 0 0 10 0 47 The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 10 0 19 Turkey 11 18 59 1 0 3 1 15 4 112 Ukraine 20 31 68 5 12 4 4 55 12 211 United Kingdom 46 (11) 28 (4) 207 (72) 28 19 30 10 131 71 570 Anguilla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 Bermuda 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 5 British Indian Ocean Territory 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 British Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Cayman Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 10 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 Gibraltar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Montserrat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 Pitcairn Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 A dispute exists between Governments of Argentina and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norrn Ireland concerning sovereignty over Falkland Islands (Malvinas). (Editorial directive ST/CS/SER.A/42, United Nations Secretariat, 3 August 1999)

CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 35 2.4 Latin America and Caribbean Country Local Regional International not at unknown at not at not at Antigua and Barbuda 0 0 7 0 0 1 1 30 9 48 Argentina 0 1 20 0 0 2 1 43 1 68 Bahamas 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 Barbados 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 19 4 29 Belize 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0 6 20 0 3 3 1 45 6 84 Brazil 0 0 92 0 0 1 3 91 49 236 Chile 0 1 46 0 2 3 0 69 19 140 Colombia 0 0 20 0 0 3 1 39 6 69 Costa Rica 0 0 4 0 1 2 0 20 3 30 Cuba 0 0 44 0 1 1 0 41 14 101 Dominica 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 21 6 31 Dominican Republic 0 0 6 1 2 2 0 24 6 41 Ecuador 0 2 17 0 1 1 0 21 0 42 El Salvador 0 0 8 0 1 3 0 34 11 57 Grenada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 9 Guatemala 1 0 18 0 1 4 1 49 17 91 Guyana 0 0 10 0 1 1 0 25 3 40 Haiti 0 0 9 1 1 2 0 19 6 38 Honduras 0 0 22 0 1 5 0 52 11 91 Jamaica 1 0 7 0 0 0 0 17 1 26 Mexico 1 3 32 0 3 3 2 64 5 113 Nicaragua 0 0 9 0 2 1 1 41 8 62 Panama 0 0 3 0 1 2 0 19 3 28 Paraguay 0 0 18 0 1 2 0 63 8 92 Peru 4 (1) 1 29 (16) 0 4 4 1 69 14 126 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 9 3 30 Saint Lucia 0 0 6 0 0 0 1 13 6 26 Saint Vincent and Grenadines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 Suriname 0 0 12 (3) 0 1 1 2 40 10 66 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 25 9 39 Uruguay 1 (1) 2 (1) 54 (40) 0 0 1 2 69 15 144 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0 0 27 0 2 3 0 40 4 76 unknown unknown 2.5 Near and Middle East Local Regional International not at unknown known known not at un- not at un- Total Country Bahrain 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Egypt 0 0 76 0 0 1 1 22 12 112 Iraq 0 1 23 (1) 0 0 2 0 15 6 47 Jordan 0 0 22 0 0 1 0 8 1 32 Kuwait 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 3 Lebanon 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 5 Libya 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 2 7 Oman 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 5 0 23 Qatar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total

36 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Sudan 0 0 56 (1) 0 0 0 1 3 9 69 Syrian Arab Republic 0 0 8 0 0 1 1 5 4 19 United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yemen 0 0 33 0 0 1 0 2 1 37 2.6 North America Local Regional International Country not at not at not at Canada 0 0 41 5 3 9 0 35 13 106 United States of America 14 6 64 5 3 8 8 106 59 273 American Samoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guam 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 8 Johnston Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Midway Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Norrn Mariana Islands 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 1 13 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 United States Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 Wake Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 Near and Middle East Local Regional International not at unknown known known not at un- not at un- Total Country Saudi Arabia 0 0 9 0 0 2 0 1 2 14 unknown unknown unknown 2.7 Southwest Pacific Local Regional International not at unknown known known not at un- not at un- Total Country Australia 6 2 118 0 1 3 9 146 65 350 Norfolk Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cook Islands 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 13 4 26 Fiji 0 0 12 0 0 1 0 14 1 28 Kiribati 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 6 2 10 Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micronesia (Federated States of) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nauru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Zealand 0 0 17 0 1 2 0 8 6 34 Tokelau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Niue 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Palau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 12 Samoa 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 19 3 25 Solomon Islands 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 22 6 36 Tonga 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 13 2 18 Tuvalu 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 1 8 Vanuatu 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 4 1 11 Total