Emerging sharing economy initiatives in tourism sector: a case study from Pécs AIRBNB VS. TRADITIONAL ACCOMMODATIONS Dóra Bálint Júlia Papp PhD students PTE TTK Doctoral School of Earth Sciences New Ideas and New Generations of Regional Policy in Eastern Europe 7 th 8 th of April 2016
Research questions National level: penetration of Airbnb in the largest and most visited Hungarian settlements Are there any correlations between the settlement s size/role of tourism and the ratio of Airbnb listings? Are there any specific spatial patterns? Settlement level: case study from a regional centre: Pécs Are there any spatial difference between Airbnb and traditional accommodations location? What are the main characteristics of Airbnb listings in space?
Methods Database construction, Spatial analysis: National lev el: Number of Airbnb listings (N=31) Commercial accommodation capacity (N=31) 31 settlement (capital, countylev el cities, top10 tourism destinations) Settlement lev el: Pécs Airbnb listings (N=98) Pécs traditional accommodations (N=94)
Sharing economy = Trust Economy, Collaborative Consumption, On-Demand or Peer-to-Peer Economy Disruptive innovation Peer-to-peer connections through Web 2.0 internet technologies (without traditional service-provider) Sharing tangible and intangible assets Cars, foods, money, time etc. huge impact on all aspects of everyday life
Global player in tourism: Airbnb (AirBed & Breakfast) World largest short-term rental company, online platform From cars to castles Apartments, private or shared rooms Founded: San Francisco (2007) Hosts for a design conference Rapid growth Advantages: lower cost, living like a local Legal concerns 800 000 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 Number of Airbnb listings 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Airbnb.com
(Traditional) tourism sector in Hungary
Things to see in Hungary
Tourism characteristics in Hungary Inbound overnight tourists 9,5 million 2015 Domestic overnight tourists:11,7 million 2015 Economic impact: GDP: 5.8% (direct impact) Employment: 9.2% Seasonality: July, August Seasonality in Hungary 2015 (Source: HCSO Preliminary data)
Most visited Hungarian settlements 2015* Domestic International Total 1. Budapest (1,003) Budapest (7,710) Budapest (8,713) 2. Hajdúszoboszló (554) Hévíz (569) Hévíz (924) 3. Siófok (509) Bük (405) Hajdúszoboszló (855) 4. Zalakaros (362) Hajdúszoboszló (301) Siófok (712) 5. Hévíz (354) Sárvár (271) Bük (672) 6. Gyula (333) Balatonfüred (263) Balatonfüred (591) 7. Balatonfüred (328) Siófok (203) Zalakaros (462) 8. Eger (320) Győr (155) Sárvár (457) 9. Sopron (294) Eger (123) Eger (443) 10. Bük (267) Debrecen (123) Debrecen (386) * () Number of guest nights at commercial accomodation units (000s) Source: HCSO Preliminary data
Arrivals and guest nights by tourist region (2015;2015/2014) Map source: Hungarian Tourism Ltd. 2015
GUEST NIGHTS BY ACCOMMODATION TYPES IN Hungary in 2015 Bungalows 5,81% Camping sites 9,01% 5 star hotels 0,00% Community hostels 8,62% 4 star hotels 40,80% Boarding houses 8,54% Spa hotels 11,18% 3 star hotels 16,03% Source: HCSO Preliminary data 2015
Tourism in Pécs (2015) No 5 star hotel 5th biggest settlement Tourist arrivals in public accommodation establishments (capita): 111,904 Guest nights in public accommodation establishments (pieces): 229,949 Unesco World Heritage (2000) European Capital of Culture (2010)
Attractions of Pécs
Results
National level:
National level: figures Settlement size and Airbnb/Traditional accommodation ratio: r=0,81 correlation coefficient (p=0,005) strong, positive correlation No significant difference between Airbnb/Traditional accommodation ratio in settlement size and top10 tourism destination
Airbnb in Pécs
Sources: Airbnb.com (2016)
Listings by accommodation type in Pécs 1% 2% 7% 20% 70% Shared room House Apartment Private room Other
Pieces Pieces Pieces 40 Airbnb listings in Pécs by registration year 30 20 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Airbnb listings in Pécs by price/night Person per Airbnb accommodation in Pécs 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 5000 Forint 5001-10000 Forint 10001-15000 Forint 15001-20000 Forint More than 20001 Forint 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 More than 10
Edited by Dóra Bálint (2016)
Edited by Dóra Bálint (2016)
Edited by Dóra Bálint (2016)
Edited by Dóra Bálint (2016)
Edited by Dóra Bálint (2016)
Conclusions National level: Settlement size correlates with traditional/airbnb accommodation ratio penetration of innovation (hierarchic) No significant difference between ratios in biggest and top10 tourism settlements Budapest represents an outstanding position both traditional and Airbnb accommodations West-East slope differences (diffuse) Settlement level Pécs: Airbnb: spatial concentration (city centre attraction proxemity) Housing estates: lack of listings Minimal spatial differences between traditional accommodations and Airbnb Airbnb supply: mostly apartments
Sources Pictures of Hungary: http://visit-hungary.com/site/upload/2012/04/tokay_top_10_world_8726_a5.jpg http://sziget.hu/content/_common/images/fesztival/2014/news/1404745_10152329072433975 _706818747_o.jpg http://termalonline.hu/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/heviz1.jpg http://cache-graphicslib.viator.com/graphicslib/thumbs674x446/20184/sitours/full-dayprivate-tour-around-lake-balaton-from-budapest-by-car-with-in-budapest-245326.jpg https://lonelyplanetimages.imgix.net/mastheads/stock-photo-budapest-at-night-part-iii- 76226665.jpg?auto=enhance&w=1200 http://nol.hu/data/cikk/1/7/92/51/cikk_1079251/613401.jpg Pictures of Pécs: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/853 http://www.cometohungary.com/galeria-latnivalo.php?id=414 http://vindiatours.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/videok.jpg http://www.zsokkft.hu/oldal_zsokkft_kepek/zsn_palyazat.jpg http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/35879614.jpg