The National Institute of Justice s Science and Technology Program and Homeland Security William Ford Acting Chief Information and Sensor Technologies Division Office of Science and Technologies National Institute of Justice 1
National Institute of Justice NIJ is the Department of Justices research, development and evaluation arm Two principal authorities Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended Title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (HSA) As it relates to NIJ s Office of Science & Technology (OS&T) Create relevant knowledge and tools Partner with State, local, and tribal practitioners and policymakers Create scientific, relevant, and reliable knowledge Develop affordable and effective tools and technologies to enhance the administration of justice and public safety Disseminate relevant knowledge and information to practitioners and policymakers Act as an honest broker to identify the information, tools, and technologies Practice fairness and openness in the research and development process Ensure professionalism, excellence, accountability, cost-effectiveness, and integrity
NIJ s Location Within the Department National Institute of Justice Bureau of Justice Assistance Bureau of Justice Statistics Office for Victims of Crime Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
NIJ s Organization David W. Hagy Director International Center Office of Research & Evaluation Thom Feucht Deputy Director Office of Science & Technology John Morgan. Deputy Director Crime Control & Prevention Research Division Violence & Victimization Research Division Justice Systems Research Division Operational Technologies Division Information & Sensor Technologies Division Investigative & Forensic Sciences Division 4
OS&T Roles and Missions Principal authority derived from the HSA Lead Federal agency for work in criminal justice technology Law enforcement, corrections, investigative and forensic, judicial process Coordinate the Federal approach to Criminal Justice technology issues To include technology to combat terrorism Conduct research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) Leading to adoption of improved tools and technologies into practice Establish advisory groups to assess criminal justice technology needs Establish performance standards and a compliance testing program Provide technology assistance Terrorism is a Crime 5
NIJ Technology Investment Portfolios Aviation Biometrics Body Armor Communications Community Corrections Court Technologies DNA Forensics Electronic Crime Explosive Device Defeat General Forensics Geospatial Technology Information Led Policing Institutional Corrections Less Lethal Technologies Modeling and Simulation Operations Research Personal Protection Equipment Pursuit Management School Safety Sensors and Surveillance 6
RDT&E Process Phase I: Determine technology needs Phase IV: Demonstrate, test, evaluate and commercialize No 1 Technology Working Groups identify technology need 2 NIJ defines potential solutions Are there existing solutions? Yes 8 NIJ tests and evaluates the solution Does it work as needed? No Phase II: Develop a plan to address unmet needs 3 NIJ crafts a plan to develop solutions Phase III: Implement the plan 4 NIJ solicits applications to develop the solutions No Is this a developmental solution? Yes 9 NIJ assists developer in commercialization Yes Is commercialization successful? No 5 Independent Peer Panel reviews applications 6 NIJ selects a grantee to develop the solution 7 Grantee develops tool or technology Yes Phase V: Build capacity; conduct outreach No Is development successful? Yes 10 NIJ publishes guides and standards and provides acquisition assistance to adopting agencies 7
Partnerships Collaboration is a core tenant of NIJ S&T program Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) member Membership since the mid 1990s Mandated in the HSA Extensive agreements with military and DHS agencies Two overarching agreements NIJ/DHS S&T/DoD MOA on technology transfer (Nov. 2005) NIJ/DHS S&T MOU on technology development (Jul. 2004) Formal international agreements Australian National Institute of Forensic Science Israeli Ministry of Public Security Russian Science and Technology Center Informal relationships Royal Canadian Mounted Police Home Office Scientific Development Bureau 8
Collaborative Relationships Combating Terrorism Homeland Security I NT E R N ATI O N AL I N T E R A G E N C Y TSWG Criminal Justice 9
Information Led Policing National Information Sharing Interstate driver license and photo exchange (Nlets) Coordinated with States, and in partnership with DHS S&T Several States operational, several states in testing Namus The National Missing and Unidentified Person System. Namus, is the first national online repository for missing person records and unidentified decedent cases. FIDEX Development of nationally-acceptable forensic IEPDs for crime labs, investigatory agencies, and court personnel Local / Regional Information Technologies Alert Notification Domestic Violence Portal Near Repeat Crime Analysis OpenRMS 10
Explosive Device Defeat Improved robotic tools Backscatter X-Ray System Image inside a panel truck in one pass Jointly funded with DoD and DHS thru TSWG AS&E Backscatter X-ray Cross-platform; adaptable to most in-service robots Concept Cutting Tool Remove a bomb vest or belt from a suicide bomber Cross-platform Improved vehicle bomb disablement Thermo baric projectile Small, easily transportable tool to neutralize a vehicle bomb Leverages DoD technology investment Vehicle bomb disablement tool characterization Jointly funded NIJ/DHS DoD effort Characterize existent vehicle bomb neutralization tool 11
Center System in 2008 NLECTC Northwest Anchorage, AK NLECTC Rocky Mountain Denver, CO NLECTC West El Segundo, CA Border Research & Technology Center San Diego, CA Austin, TX Rural LE Technology Center Hazard, KY Weapons and Protective Equipment COE State College, PA NLECTC Northeast Rome, NY Sensors, Surveillance and Biometrics COE New York, NY Communications COE Camden, NJ Office of Law Enforcement Standards Gaithersburg, MD NLECTC National Rockville, MD Office of Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization Wheeling, WV Forensic Science COE Largo, FL NLECTC Southeast Charleston, SC National Law Enforcement & Corrections Technology Centers serving specific regions Specialty Offices and Centers 12
Setting the R&D Agenda Practitioner-based needs Technical Working Groups (TWGs) Knowledgeable practitioners from Federal, State, local and tribal agencies Aligned with NIJ s technology investment portfolios Aviation, Biometrics, Body Armor, etc. Identify technology needs within a specific portfolio Maximum use of existing bodies (i.e., National Bomb Squad Commander s Advisory Board) Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Advisory Council Senior criminal justice practitioners Assists NIJ in prioritization across portfolios and needs Open, competitive solicitations to address those needs Rigorous, independent peer review Of applications and products 13
Biometrics Positive identification Justice Department Fast Capture Initiative Digital capture of 10-rolled equivalent finger and/or palm prints Touchless High fidelity IAFIS compatible Facial recognition form video and photo graphs In-car video facial recognition HDTV Standards Working with NIST Fingerprint Facial TBS North America Fast Capture Technology 14
Communications Position location and asset tracking Funding multiple approaches to location and tracking of officers in an urban environment Coordinated with DHS and DoD efforts Demonstration and evaluation with the LA County, CA Sheriff s Department Interoperable communication Continued development of software-defined (SDR) and cognitive radios and antennas Demonstration of Harris SDR with Orangetownship, NJ police department Exploring potential to leverage DHS investment in Thales multi-band radio Dealing with the Cellphone Cross-cutting law enforcement issue Working with the FCC on issues related to jamming and intercept Significant investment in cellphone forensics 15
Personal Protective Equipment Bomb Suit Standard Working thru the US Army Natick Solider System Center, DHS and NIST/OLES Direct practitioner involvement through NBSCAB Focus on blast protection CBRN ensemble follow-on effort Personal Protective Equipment Standard Rapid 18-month effort to address law enforcement unique PPE needs Lower priority in DHS Standards portfolio Working thru the NFPA, Natick, DHS and NIST/OLES Practitioner involvement thru IAB, FOP, others Multi-threat gloves and tactical respirator Multi-threat gloves funded through TSWG solicitation Tactical respirator standard and solicitation on hold pending funding 16
Sensors and Surveillance Concealed weapons detection at as safe distance Focus on handguns and larger objects Suicide bomb vests or belts Continued focus on millimeter wave technology Address limited range issue through remote positioning Anomaly detection, rather than underclothing imaging Through-the-wall location and tracking Epsilon Lambda Electronics Corp. Remote Weapons Detection Concept Metal walls Akela Remote Surveillance Radar Concept Acoustic adjunct to Time Domain proximate system Portable, battery-powered radar for remote surveillance 17
Solicitation Process Based on TWG identified needs Competitive; peer reviewed Peer panels w practitioners and technologists Representatives from TWGs, Federal R&D agencies, others Two phases Concept paper Full proposal Spring and Fall releases 18
S&T Investment Strategy Invest in the highest potential payoff Dual use focus Day-to-day technology needs to combat crime Invest in the gaps Not explosive detection Significant DHS, DoD and DOE investment In remote weapons detection In CBRNE Where there is limited DHS investment Leverage other agencies investments where possible Avoid unnecessary duplication of effort Relevant Products from NIJ Investment Vanguard II Sago ST-150 MMW Camera Brijot BIS-WDS MMW Camera 19
Summary National focal point for criminal justice technology R&D Focused on the technology needs of the State and local practitioner Including those of the law enforcement responder Terrorism is subset of one of the ten crime types Violent Crime is down in metropolitan cities while Murder is on the increase Part of a collaborative, Federal government team Relevant efforts coordinated with DHS and DoD Advocate of law enforcement responder technology needs As national resource, NIJ is cost-effective 50 States can t afford their own NIJs National agency avoids duplication