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Chapter 4 Fashion Centers Fashion Centers Design and Buying Centers Global Impact of Fashion 2
Chapter Objectives Describe a fashion design center. Define a buying center. Explain how design and buying centers impact local economies. Identify the most important design centers. Explain the importance of global sourcing in the fashion industry. Describe how cultural influences affect mainstream fashion. 3
What Is a Design Center? A thriving design center can make a city important in the fashion world. Design centers host important fashion shows during fashion weeks. design center a district in a city where fashion design and production firms are clustered together fashion week periods during each year when fashion designers present new designs or collections Section 4.1 4
Major design centers include: International Design Centers Paris New York Milan London Tokyo Section 4.1 5
Since the 1700s, the city of Paris has been synonymous with haute couture and has been the home to couturiers. Coco Chanel and Yves St. Laurent are examples of couturiers. International Design Centers haute couture French term for high fashion, which is expensive, trend-setting, custommade apparel couturiers professional fashion designers, involved in designing, making, and selling high fashion Section 4.1 6
International Design Centers Atla moda, the Italian term for high fashion, is centered in the city of Rome. Designers in Milan concentrate primarily on ready-to-wear garments. Italian fashion is known for its beautiful fabrics and sophisticated prints. Section 4.1 7
International Design Centers New York City is considered to be the center of U.S. fashion. Almost two-thirds of U.S fashion manufacturing is located in New York. New York designers present their creations during designated fashion weeks. Section 4.1 8
International Design Centers London was originally noted for classic business suits. London fashion now focuses on high-quality, ready-to-wear garments. There are about ten design centers throughout the United Kingdom. Section 4.1 9
International Design Centers Tokyo has quickly become one of the leading fashion design centers. Fashion companies in Tokyo not only produce Japanese designs but also have licenses to produce European and American apparel products. Section 4.1 10
U.S. Design Centers Important design centers in the U.S. include: New York City, New York Los Angeles, California Dallas, Texas Section 4.1 11
What Is a Buying Center? Buying centers are concentrated in geographic areas where manufacturers promote their newest lines or a group of styles and designs. buying centers a central district in a city where fashion businesses sell products to retail buyers Section 4.1 12
What Is a Buying Center? The fashion industry is important to a city s economy. Most cities have not-for-profit corporations that help promote a particular city s apparel industry. Section 4.1 13
What Is a Buying Center? The Importance of Buying Centers Out-of-town apparel buyers generate millions of dollars for the local economy. Section 4.1 14
U.S. Buying Centers The apparel industry designates particular market weeks to present different components of fashion products. market weeks the major times scheduled by fashion producers to show fashions to buyers Section 4.1 15
U.S. Buying Centers New York s Garment District is the primary buying center in the country. Many retailers avoid New York and use regional buying centers in cities such as Los Angeles, Dallas, Chicago, Atlanta, or Miami. Section 4.1 16
U.S. Buying Centers A larger regional center may have several building clusters, or marts. mart a building that houses thousands of showrooms for a specific merchandise category Different marts may be devoted to specific apparel or accessory groups. Section 4.1 17
Heart of the Fashion Industry Design centers and buying centers represent the heart of the fashion industry. Design centers represent the centers of creativity. Buying centers represent the centers of commerce. Section 4.1 18
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4.1 1. What are three of the most important international design centers? 2. What is the difference between a fashion design center and a buying center? 3. How do fashion design centers and buying centers benefit the cities in which they are located? Section 4.1 20
How Fashion Travels The global chain of production must remain flexible to enable producers to respond to the latest fashion trends. Section 4.2 21
How Fashion Travels Globalization Need to reduce costs Time-to-market concerns + + + Product lead times = More complex sourcing and production strategies Section 4.2 22
To reduce costs and maximize profits, many textile and apparel manufactures have begun global sourcing. Global Sourcing and Production global sourcing the identifying and negotiating of supply chains in numerous world locations Supply companies that move away from their own manufacturing retain control over the sourcing cycle. Section 4.2 23
Global Sourcing and Production Global sourcing increases business risks due to economic and political factors. Section 4.2 24
Global Sourcing and Production Production of clothing is global. Changes in customer taste indirectly affect production jobs around the world. Section 4.2 25
World Fashion Designers and apparel companies establish promotional offices in major fashion cities around the world where they show their collections. The proximity of some markets, such as the Asia and California markets, helps to create trade patterns. Section 4.2 26
Culture and Fashion The influence of culture or ethnicity cycles in and out of fashion. Some ethnic styles become classic, or standard. culture the system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts attributed to members of a specific society Section 4.2 27
Culture and Fashion Designers can travel around the world for ideas or find inspiration in their own diverse communities. Designers may adapt style influences from cultures from the East or the West. Section 4.2 28
World Fashion at Home Global production, fashion centers, catalogs, home shopping television, and the Internet continue to make fashion readily available to the consumer. Section 4.2 29
4.2 1. Why are fashion companies turning to global sourcing? 2. How does culture impact current fashions? 3. Describe a recent cultural influence that has moved into mainstream fashion. Section 4.2 30
Checking Concepts 1. Describe the concept of fashion weeks hosted by design centers. 2. Explain how local governments support design centers. 1. 2. Fashion Local governments weeks are enact periods favorable during each regulations, year when and fashion they have designers present organizations new to designs promote or the collections. fashion industry within particular cities. continued 31
Checking Concepts 3. Identify the geographic areas where manufacturers promote their newest lines. 4. Name some businesses besides fashion businesses that benefit from design and buying centers. 3. 4. Manufacturers Other businesses promote that benefit their include lines in hotels, buying restaurants, centers such transportation as New York City, services, Los Angeles, and other Dallas, non-fashion Chicago, Atlanta, businesses. and Miami. continued 32
Checking Concepts 5. Identify the major design centers of the world. 6. Identify the major buying centers of the United States. 7. Describe some risks of global sourcing. 5. 6. 7. Paris, New Risks York of Milan, global City, New Los York Angeles, sourcing City, include Dallas, London, and Chicago, lack Tokyo of economic Atlanta, and stability Miami in developing nations as well as economic and political factors around the world. continued 33
Checking Concepts Critical Thinking 8. Identify a culture that has significantly influenced fashion of the last two years and give examples of items of apparel. 8. Answers may include any culture that has influenced fashion with reasonable examples. Some cultures may include Asian, western, and urban. 34
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