12 Figures 311
30.0% 25.0% 20.0% Percentage Growth in GDP 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Industry Services Total 0.0% -5.0% -10.0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Compared to Previous Year Source: (MOP and NIS 2004e) Figure 1 Growth Rates in GDP by Sector 1994-2003 312
70.0% 60.0% 50.0% Percentage Growth in GDP 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Crops Livestock and Poultry Fisheries Forestry and Logging Agriculture Total -10.0% -20.0% -30.0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Compared to Previous Year Source: (MOP and NIS 2004e) Figure 2 Growth Rates in Agricultural GDP by Sub-Sector 1994-2003 313
100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% Share of Cultivated Area 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Rice Other Food Crops Industrial Crops Source: (MAFF 2005) Figure 3 Share of Cultivated Area by Crop Type 1991-2004 314
Rainfed lowlands Land preparation Seedbed Transplanting Harvesting Rainfed lowland broadcast rice Land preparation Broadcasting Harvesting Rainfed lowland, supplementary irrigation Early rice Medium rice Recession rice Land preparation Seedbed Transplanting Harvesting Deepwater rice Land preparation Seeding Harvesting Upland rice Land preparation (slash & burn) Seeding Weeding Harvesting Source: (JICA 2001) Figure 4 Rice Cropping Patterns Month Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 315
Rainfall (mm/month) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 Temperature ( 0 C mean) 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Rainfall Temp.(mean) Figure 5 Average Rainfall and Temperature, Phnom Penh 22 316
Thousands 5,000 4,000 Production/Consumption (Tonnes) 3,000 2,000 1,000 - -1,000 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Paddy Production Rice Production Rice Consumption Surplus Source: (MAFF 2001a, b, 2002, 2004; MOP and NIS 2004e; MAFF 2005) Figure 6 Production of Paddy and Rice, Food Requirements and Food Balance 317
50% 40% 30% FIRR 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -20% -15% -10% -5% Base +5% +10% +15% +20% Price Scenario Private Smallholder A Smallholder B SOE Figure 7 FIRR Output Price Scenarios for Rubber Plantations in Cambodia 318
350% 300% 250% FIRR 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% -50% -25% Base 10% Price Scenario Smallholder Ratanakiri (10 yr) Smallholder Kampong Cham (25 yr) Smallholder Kratie (10 yr) Smallholder Ratanakiri (15 yr) Figure 8 FIRR Output Price Scenarios for Cashew Production in Cambodia 319
250% 200% 150% FIRR 100% 50% 0% -20% -10% -5% Base +5% +10% +20% Price Scenario Kampong Cham Kratie Sihanoukville Figure 9 FIRR Output Price Scenarios for Pepper Production in Cambodia 320
18.0% 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% FIRR 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Base +10% +20% +25% Price Scenario SOE With Thinning Private With Land Development SOE Without Thinning Private Without Land Development Figure 10 FIRR Output Price Scenarios for Teak Production in Cambodia 321
12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% FIRR 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% -4.0% -6.0% -8.0% Base +25% +50% Yield Scenario SOE Bulldozer (10) SOE Tractor (10) SOE Labor (10) SOE Bulldozer (6) SOE Tractor (6) SOE Labor (6) 6 and 10 Year Rotation with Different Land Preparation Figure 11 FIRR Yield Scenarios for SOE Acacia/Eucalyptus Production in Cambodia 322
30.0% 25.0% 20.0% FIRR 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% Base -25% -50% Yield Scenario No Initial Harvest - Bulldozer No Initial Harvest - Tractor No Initial Harvest - Labor Initial Harvest - Bulldozer Initial Harvest - Tractor Initial Harvest - Labor Figure 12 FIRR Yield Scenarios for Private Acacia/Eucalyptus Production in Cambodia 323
300.00 262.24 250.00 222.77 Gross Margins (US$/ha) 200.00 150.00 100.00 74.09 146.18 109.82 154.09 Small Medium Large 50.00 0.00 Traditional practices Modern practices Wet Season Rice Crop / Practice Figure 13 Performance of Traditional vs. Modern Technology Adoption Farms in Cambodia - Wet Season Rice 324
250.00 200.00 192.50 206.50 202.50 175.29 Gross Margins (US$/ha) 150.00 100.00 155.29 160.29 Small Medium Large 50.00 0.00 Traditional practices Modern practices Cassava Crop / Practice Figure 14 Performance of Traditional vs. Modern Technology Adoption Farms in Cambodia Cassava 325
2500.00 2000.00 1988.31 Gross Margins (US$/ha) 1500.00 1000.00 1105.00 Small Medium Large 500.00 387.25 295.25 0.00 Traditional practices 0.00 0.00 Modern practices Cabbage Crop / Practice Figure 15 Performance of Traditional vs. Modern Technology Adoption Farms in Cambodia Cabbage 326
400.00 378.53 350.00 333.72 300.00 Gross Margins (US$/ha) 250.00 200.00 150.00 133.99 185.08 264.18 Small Medium Large 100.00 70.09 50.00 0.00 Traditional practices Modern practices Soybean Crop / Practice Figure 16 Performance of Traditional vs. Modern Technology Adoption Farms in Cambodia Soybean 327
13 Maps Lao PDR Otdar Mean Chey Preah Vihear Banteay Mean Chey Bat Dambang Siem Reab Stueng Traeng Rotanak Kiri Thailand Krong Pailin Kampong Thum Kracheh Mondol Kiri Pousat Kampong Chhnang Kampong Cham Kaoh Kong Kampong Spueu Phnom Penh Kandal Prey Veaeng Vietnam Kampot Takaev Svay Rieng Krong Preah Sihanouk 0 100 200 kilometers Map 1 Cambodia by Province 328
Lao PDR Otdar Mean Chey Banteay Mean Chey Siem Reab Preah Vihear Stueng Traeng Rotanak Kiri Bat Dambang Thailand Krong Pailin Kampong Thum Kracheh Mondol Kiri Pousat Kampong Chhnang Kampong Cham Kaoh Kong Kampong Spueu Prey Veaeng Vietnam Phnom Penh Kandal Svay Rieng Takaev Regions Coastal (4) Plain (6) Plateau/Mountainous (6) Tonle Sap (8) Krong Preah Sihanouk Kampot Krong Kaeb 0 100 kilometers 200 Map 2 Provinces and Regions of Cambodia 329
Otdar Mean Chey Rotanak Kiri Stueng Traeng Banteay Mean Chey Preah Vihear Siem Reab Krong Pailin Bat Dambang Kampong Thum Kracheh Mondol Kiri Pousat Kampong Chhnang Kampong Cham Surveyed Districts Kaoh Kong Krong Preah Sihanouk Kampong Spueu Phnom Penh Kandal Kampot Takaev Prey Veaeng Svay Rieng Aek Phnum Aoral Bakan Banan Chhloung Chhuk Kampong Bay Kandieng Koun Mom Memot Ou Chum Phnum Sruoch Prey Nob Snuol Srei Santhor Stueng hav Map 3 ABiC Surveyed Districts in Cambodia 330