TRB/APTA 2004 Bus Rapid Transit Conference Implementing a BRT Project: The Final Steps 10:10 11:30 a.m. Michael A. Sanders Chair, Connecticut Department of Transportation (Moderator)
TRB/APTA 2004 Bus Rapid Transit Conference Session Presentations ITS Enhanced Bus Rapid Transit, Matt Hardy HOV and BRT: A Great Combination, David Schumaker A New Beginning: Transforming Bus Operations at MBTA through Bus Rapid Transit, Steven Epps
TRB/APTA 2004 Bus Rapid Transit Conference Matthew Hardy MS in Transportation Policy from George Mason University BS in Urban Systems Engineering from George Mason University Lead Transportation Engineer at Mitretek Systems, supporting the USDOT in ITS and BRT research
ITS Enhanced Bus Rapid Transit May 6, 2004 Matthew Hardy Mitretek Systems Washington, DC
Overview Why ITS? Study Question and Approach Summary of ITS Report Analysis Conclusions
Breaking Through Barriers slow speed Special Lanes starts stops Intelligent Vehicle Initiative BRT and Integrated ITS Transit Signal Priority Advanced Operations Reduced Travel Time congestion Electronic Payment Accessible / Friendly Improved Reliability Branded / Distinctive Safe / Secure signals Passenger Information egress Advanced Vehicles
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
Study Question Given a proposed BRT implementation, what is the best set of ITS enhancements to optimize the overall transit system performance?
Approach Explore the relationship between BRT and ITS Technologies What relationship is there between BRT and ITS Technologies What is the best mix of ITS and BRT technologies? How to achieve the best combination? Enable the FTA to understand where best to apply additional funding to existing BRT Projects Influence one or more of the ongoing BRT demonstration projects
ITS Enhanced BRT Step 1: Define Three BRT Components: System Characteristics, Goals, Operational Configuration, Step 2: Identify and Define Applicable ITS Technologies Which ITS technologies will provide benefit to the various BRT System Characteristics Step 3: Associate ITS Technologies to BRT Goals Step 4: Develop Hierarchy of ITS Technologies For Each BRT Service Level, Identify Which ITS Technologies Provide the Most Benefit for the Given Characteristics
Applicable ITS Vehicle Prioritization Signal Timing / Phasing Station and Lane Access Control Transit Signal Priority Vehicle Assist and Automation Collision Avoidance Collision Warning Lane Assist Precision Docking Technology Fare Collection Station-based Electronic Fare Payment Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Payment
Applicable ITS (cont.) Operations Management Automated Scheduling Dispatch System Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring and Maintenance Vehicle Tracking Passenger Information Traveler Information at Station/Stop Traveler Information on Person Traveler Information on Vehicle Trip Itinerary Planning Safety and Security Silent Alarms Voice and Video Monitoring Support Technologies Advanced Communication System Archived Data Passenger Counter
Vehicle Prioritization Transit Signal Priority: Minimizes delay Improves reliability Benefits Travel Time Savings: 5 to 10% Reliability: Traffic Signal Management Center Up to 20 to 50% in on time performance Transit Management Center Time Savings Reliability Accessible / Friendly Safe / Secure Branded / Distinctive
Assist and Automation Technologies Collision Warning: Warns BRT driver about obstacles Forward, side, or rear Lane Assist: Operate vehicle in narrow lane Precision Docking: Assists BRT driver to place vehicle at a stop Time Savings Reliability Accessible / Friendly Safe / Secure Branded / Distinctive
Lane Assist 1
Electronic Payment On vehicle or in station Magnetic stripe and smart card technologies proven Benefits of electronic payment systems known Institutional issues can be an issue Time Savings Reliability Accessible / Friendly Safe / Secure Branded / Distinctive
Operations Management Vehicle Tracking Automated Scheduling and Dispatch Vehicle Maintenance Benefits: Improved operating efficiencies, More reliable service, Reduced travel times Time Savings Reliability Accessible / Friendly Safe / Secure Branded / Distinctive
Passenger Information At the station /stop, via dynamic message sign On the vehicle, via dynamic message sign On the person, via PDA, cell phone, etc. Time Savings Reliability Accessible / Friendly Safe / Secure Branded / Distinctive
Safety and Security/Support Passenger Counters Silent Alarms / Surveillance Voice and Video Monitoring Time Savings Reliability Accessible / Friendly Safe / Secure Branded / Distinctive
ITS and BRT = Synergy Time Savings Reliability Accessible / Friendly Safe / Secure Branded / Distinctive Signal Priority IVI Electronic Payment Advanced Ops. Passenger Info. Other ITS Combined
Operational Configurations Deployment of Technology Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV BRT System Performance
BRT-ITS Hierarchy Deployment of Technology Low Medium High Vehicle Prioritization IVI Technology Fare Collection Operations Management Passenger Information Other Technology Signal timing/phasing Trip Itinerary Planning Vehicle Tracking Automated Scheduling Dispatch System Advanced Communication System Station & Lane Access Control Passenger Counter Archived Data Traveler Information on Vehicle Traveler Information at Stop/Station Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Collection Collision Warning Transit Signal Priority Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring & Maintenance Silent Alarms Precision Docking Technology Collision Avoidance Traveler Information on Person Station-based Electronic Fare Collection Voice and Video Monitoring Lane Assist Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV BRT System Performance
Stage I BRT Sites Vehicle Prioritization IVI Technology Fare Collection Operations Management Passenger Information Other Technology Traveler Information on Person Precision Docking Technology Collision Avoidance Station-based Electronic Fare Collection Station & Lane Access Control Voice and Video Monitoring Lane Assist Passenger Counter NY LA Archived Data Traveler Information on Vehicle NY Traveler Information at Stop/Station MD NY SC HI IL LA Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Collection NY SC HI IL LA Collision Warning Transit Signal Priority NY SC HI IL LA Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring & Maintenance Silent Alarms Signal timing/phasing MD Trip Itinerary Planning Vehicle Tracking MD NY SC IL LA Automated Scheduling Dispatch System MD NY Advanced Communication System NY SC Montgomery County, Maryland Albany, New York Santa Clara, California Honolulu, Hawaii Chicago, Illinois Los Angeles, California
Stage II BRT Sites Vehicle Prioritization IVI Technology Traveler Information on Person Precision Docking Technology MN Fare Collection Operations Management Passenger Information Other Technology Collision Avoidance Station-based Electronic Fare Collection Station & Lane Access Control AZ MN Voice and Video Monitoring Lane Assist MN Passenger Counter Archived Data Traveler Information on Vehicle AZ Traveler Information at Stop/Station AZ Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Collection MN Collision Warning Transit Signal Priority AZ MN Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring & Maintenance Silent Alarms Signal timing/phasing Trip Itinerary Planning Vehicle Tracking AZ MN Automated Scheduling Dispatch System Advanced Communication System AZ Phoenix, Arizona Minneapolis, Minnesota
Stage III BRT Sites Traveler Information on Person Vehicle Prioritization IVI Technology Fare Collection Precision Docking Technology Collision Avoidance Station-based Electronic Fare Collection OL OL PR NV KY OR OR Operations Management Passenger Information Other Technology Station & Lane Access Control Voice and Video Monitoring Lane Assist OL PR OR MA NC Passenger Counter OH NC Archived Data Traveler Information on Vehicle OH OR MA NC Traveler Information at Stop/Station OL AC PR NV OH OR MA NC Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Collection AC OH MA NC Collision Warning Transit Signal Priority OL AC PR NV OH OR MA MI Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring & Maintenance MA Silent Alarms OH MA Signal timing/phasing KY Trip Itinerary Planning Vehicle Tracking OL PR NV OH OR MA MI NC Automated Scheduling Dispatch System PR NV MA MI NC Advanced Communication System OL NV OH MA Orlando, Florida AC Transit, California San Juan, Puerto Rico Las Vegas, Nevada Louisville, Kentucky Cleveland, Ohio Eugene, Oregon Boston, Massachusetts Miami, Florida Charlotte, NC
Stage IV BRT Sites Vehicle Prioritization IVI Technology Traveler Information on Person Fare Collection Operations Management Precision Docking Technology VA Passenger Information Collision Avoidance VA Other Technology Station-based Electronic Fare Collection CT VA Station & Lane Access Control Voice and Video Monitoring VA Lane Assist VA Passenger Counter Archived Data Traveler Information on Vehicle CT VA Traveler Information at Stop/Station CT PA VA Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Collection PA Collision Warning PA VA Transit Signal Priority CT VA Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring & Maintenance Silent Alarms VA Signal timing/phasing PA Trip Itinerary Planning VA Vehicle Tracking CT PA VA Automated Scheduling Dispatch System VA Advanced Communication System VA Hartford, Connecticut Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Dulles Corridor, Virginia
Conclusions: ITS Contributing to BRT Goals Signal Timing / Phasing Vehicle Prioritization Station and Lane Access Control Transit Signal Priority Collision Avoidance Collision Warning Lane Assist Shorter Trip Times X X X X Shorter Wait Easy to Use Accessible Welcoming Integrated Distinctive IVI Technology X X X X Precision Docking Technology X X X X X X X Fare Collection X X X X X Station-based Electronic Fare Payment X X X X X Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Payment X X X X X Low Environmental Impact Incremental Development Operations Management X X X X X X Advanced Communication System X X X X X X Automated Scheduling Dispatch System Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring and Maintenance X X Vehicle Tracking X X Passenger Information X X X X Traveler Information at Station/Stop X X X Traveler Information on Person X X X X Traveler Information on Vehicle X X X Trip Itinerary Planning X X X Other Technology X X X Archived Data X X Passenger Counter Silent Alarms Voice and Video Monitoring X X X X
Conclusions: ITS Benefits ITS Technology Traveler Driver Operations Overall Vehicle Prioritization P P P P Signal Timing / Phasing P P P P Station and Lane Access Control -- -- S S Transit Signal Priority P P P P IVI Technology S P S S Collision Avoidance S P S S Collision Warning S P S S Lane Assist S P S S Precision Docking Technology P P S P Fare Collection P S P P Station-based Electronic Fare Payment P P P P Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Payment P S P P Operations Management S S P S Advanced Communication System S S P S Automated Scheduling Dispatch System P P P P Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring and Maintenance -- -- P S Vehicle Tracking S S P S Passenger Information P -- -- S Traveler Information at Station/Stop P -- -- S Traveler Information on Person P -- -- S Traveler Information on Vehicle P -- -- S Trip Itinerary Planning P -- S S Other Technology S S P S Archived Data -- -- P S Passenger Counter -- -- P S Silent Alarms S P P P Voice and Video Monitoring S P P P
Conclusions ITS technologies have the potential to provide greater increase in BRT system performance ITS is needed regardless of operational configuration ITS does not define a BRT system Focus upon the marginal benefit that a set of technologies can provide
Contact Information Matthew Hardy Lead Transportation Engineer Mitretek Systems (202) 863-2982 matthew.hardy@mitretek.org