SIMPLE TENSES [active]

SIMPLE TENSES [active] simple past simple present simple future affirmative V 2 V 1 will V 1 yaptı yapar yapacak negative didn t V 1 don t V 1 doesn t V 1 won t V 1 yapmadı yapmaz yapmayacak went go goes will go gitti gider gidecek didn t go don t go doesn t go won t go example gitmedi gitmez gitmeyecek worked work works will work çalıştı çalışır çalışacak didn t work don t work doesn t work won t work çalışmadı çalışmaz çalışmayacak 1

SIMPLE CONTINUOUS TENSES [active] simple past continuous simple present continuous simple future continuous affirmative was V ing were V ing am V ing is V ing are V ing will be V ing yapıyordu yapıyor yapıyor olacak negative wasn t V ing weren t V ing am not V ing isn t V ing aren t V ing won t be V ing yapmıyordu yapmıyor yapmıyor olacak was going were going am going is going are going will be going gidiyordu gidiyor gidiyor olacak wasn t going weren t going am not going isn t going aren t going won t be going example gitmiyordu gitmiyor gitmiyor olacak was working were working am working is working are working will be working çalışıyordu çalışıyor çalışıyor olacak wasn t working weren t working am not working isn t working aren t working won t be working çalışmıyordu çalışmıyor çalışmıyor olacak 2

PERFECT TENSES [active] past perfect present perfect future perfect affirmative had V 3 have V 3 has V 3 will have V 3 yapmış durumdaydı yapmış durumda yapmış durumda olacak negative hadn t V 3 yapmamış durumdaydı haven t V 3 hasn t V 3 yapmamış durumda won t have V 3 yapmamış durumda olacak had gone have gone has gone will have gone gidiyordu gidiyor gidiyor olacak hadn t gone haven t gone hasn t gone won t have gone example gitmemiş durumdaydı gitmemiş durumda gitmemiş durumda olacak had worked have worked has worked will have worked çalışmış durumdaydı çalışmış durumda çalışmış durumda olacak hadn t worked haven t worked hasn t worked won t have worked çalışmamış durumdaydı çalışmamış durumda çalışmamış durumda olacak 3

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES [active] past perfect continuous present perfect continuous future perfect continuous affirmative had been V ing have been V ing has V ing will have been V ing yapıyordu yapıyor yapıyor olacak negative hadn t been V ing haven t been V ing hasn t been V ing won t have been V ing yapmıyordu yapmıyor yapmıyor olacak had been going have been going has been going will have been going gidiyordu gidiyor gidiyor olacak hadn t been going haven t been going hasn t been going won t have been going example gitmiyordu gitmiyor gitmiyor olacak had been working have been working has been working will have been working çalışıyordu çalışıyor çalışıyor olacak hadn t been working haven t been working hasn t been working won t have been working çalışmıyordu çalışmıyor çalışmıyor olacak 4

simple present [affirmative] 1. They ---- at birds. A) looking B) look C) to look D) looks 2. She ---- a piano lesson every Monday. A) take B) to take C) taking D) takes 3. I usually ---- at home on Fridays. A) stays B) stay C) staying D) to stay 4. John ---- waiting for the bus. A) hates B) hate C) hating D) to hate 5. They ---- the Internet every evening. A) use B) to use C) using D) uses 6. She ---- her grandmother every Christmas. A) visiting B) visits C) visit D) to visit 7. He ---- driving fast cars. A) love B) loving C) loves D) to love 8. Emma ---- in the lessons. A) dreaming B) to dream C) dreams D) dream 9. I always ---- breakfast. A) eat B) eating C) to eat D) eats 10. He ---- in Beijing. A) to live B) live C) living D) lives simple present [negative] 1. Kevin ---- his workbook. A) doesn t opens B) don t open C) doesn t open D) don t opens 2. Our hamster ---- apples. A) doesn t eat B) don t eat C) don t eats D) doesn t eats 3. You ---- with your friends. A) doesn t chat B) don t chats C) doesn t chats D) don t chat 4. She ---- a ruler. A) doesn t uses B) don t use C) doesn t use D) don t uses 5. We ---- the bus to school. A) don t takes B) don t take C) doesn t take D) doesn t takes 6. Lessons ---- at half past nine. A) doesn t start B) don t start C) doesn t starts D) don t starts 7. You ---- your homework before school. A) don t does B) doesn t do C) doesn t does D) don t do 8. Charlie ---- ice hockey. A) doesn t play B) don t play C) doesn t plays D) don t plays 9. My father ---- the car every Saturday. A) doesn t cleans B) don t clean C) doesn t clean D) don t cleans 10. My brother ---- English. A) doesn t teach B) don t teaches C) don t teach D) doesn t teaches 5

simple present [question] 1. ---- Sarah and Linda ---- their pets? A) Do / feed B) Does / feeds C) Do / feeds D) Does / feed 2. ---- your teacher ---- your homework? A) Do / checks B) Does / check C) Do / check D) Does / checks 3. ---- they ---- in the old house? A) Does / lives B) Do / lives C) Do / live D) Does / live 4. ---- the cat ---- on the wall in the mornings? A) Do / sits B) Does / sits C) Do / sit D) Does / sit 5. ---- your parents ---- TV in the afternoon? A) Do / watch B) Does / watches C) Do / watches D) Does / watch 6. ---- Nina ---- computer games? A) Does / play B) Does / plays C) Do / play D) Do / plays 7. ---- your grandmother ---- the phone? A) Do / answer B) Does / answers C) Do / answers D) Does / answer 8. ---- the pupils ---- school uniforms? A) Do / wears B) Does / wear C) Do / wear D) Does / wears 9. ---- she ---- friends? A) Does / has B) Does / have C) Do / have D) Do / has 10. ---- you ---- to the cinema? A) Does / goes B) Do / goes C) Does / go D) Do / go simple present continuous [affirmative] 1. Alexander ---- a film. A) watches B) is watching C) watch D) are watching 2. We ---- a computer game. A) is playing B) play C) are playing D) plays 3. Mary ---- her hair. A) is washing B) are washing C) wash D) washes 4. The dog ---- at the cat. A) bark B) barks C) is barking D) are barking 5. I ---- to Doris. A) talk B) are talking C) am talking D) is talking 6. Peter ---- his rabbits. A) are feeding B) feed C) feeds D) is feeding 7. Philipp and Johnny ---- a song. A) are singing B) sing C) sings D) is singing 8. You ---- the poem by heart. A) learn B) learns C) is learning D) are learning 9. He ---- in the lake. A) swims B) is swimming C) are swimming D) swim 10. Andrew and Colin ---- muffins. A) makes B) make C) is making D) are making 6

simple present continuous [negative] 1. The baby ---- now. A) aren t crying B) doesn t cry C) isn t crying D) don t cry 2. We ---- a farm. A) don t visit B) aren t visiting C) doesn t visit D) isn t visiting 3. Gerry, Joe and Boris ---- hamburgers. A) aren t eating B) doesn t eat C) don t eat D) isn t eating 4. My teacher ---- at the bus stop. A) don t wait B) doesn t wait C) isn t waiting D) aren t waiting 5. They ---- the phone. A) doesn t answer B) aren t answering C) isn t answering D) don t answer 6. The rabbit ---- over the fence. A) isn t climbing B) aren t climbing C) doesn t climb D) don t climb 7. I ---- the door. A) isn t opening B) aren t opening C) am not opening D) don t open 8. The baby ---- now. A) aren t crying B) isn t crying C) doesn t cry D) don t cry 9. They ---- fun at Tom's party. A) don t have B) doesn t have C) aren t having D) isn t having 10. She ---- hamburgers. A) isn t eating B) don t eat C) doesn t eat D) aren t eating simple present continuous [question] 1. ---- the children ---- their homework? A) Do / do B) Are / doing C) Does / do D) Is / doing 2. ---- Richard ---- in the garden? A) Is / working B) Does / work C) Do / work D) Are / working 3. ---- you ---- the kitchen, Tom? A) Do / clean B) Are / cleaning C) Is / cleaning D) Does / clean 4. ---- the cat ---- in the basket? A) Does / sleep B) Are / sleeping C) Do / sleep D) Is / sleeping 5. ---- Cliff and Oliver ---- friends? A) Are / meeting B) Does / meet C) Do / meet D) Is / meeting 6. ---- your mother ---- sandwiches? A) Does / make B) Do / make C) Is / making D) Are / making 7. ---- the birds ---- water? A) Do / drink B) Are / drinking C) Is / drinking D) Does / drink 8. ---- Carmen ---- a pullover? A) Is / wearing B) Does / wear C) Do / wear D) Are / wearing 9. ---- he ---- a museum? A) Are / visiting B) Does / visit C) Do / visit D) Is / visiting 10. ---- they ---- the windows? A) Do / clean B) Are / cleaning C) Does / clean D) Is / cleaning 7

simple present vs simple present continuous 1. Look! He ---- the house. A) is leaving B) leaves 2. She usually ---- to school. A) is walking B) walks 3. I ---- anything at the moment. A) do B) am not doing 4. Marc ---- fruits and vegetables. A) is liking B) likes 5. Caroline ---- long blond hair. A) has B) is having 6. She ---- the guitar now. A) play B) is playing 7. Every Sunday we ---- to see my grandparents. A) are going B) go 8. He ---- an apple at the moment. A) is not eating B) does not eat 9. He ---- a story to her every day. A) is reading B) reads 11. She ---- the news regularly. A) watches B) is watching 12. He ---- a t-shirt and shorts today. A) is wearing B) wears 13. He often ---- to the cinema. A) is going B) goes 14. He ---- in a restaurant now. A) is not working B) does not work 15. They ---- to a restaurant every Saturday. A) are going B) go 16. She ---- at the moment. A) does not study B) is not studying 17. I ---- the kitchen every day. A) clean B) am cleaning 18. They ---- to the party tomorrow. A) come B) are not coming 19. Ron and Fred ---- the computer now. A) are checking B) check 20. He usually ---- his homework. A) is not doing B) doesn t do 10. Quiet please! I ---- a test. A) write B) am writing 8

simple past [affirmative] 1. They ---- something to drink. A) order B) are ordering C) ordered D) ordering 2. Last summer I ---- to Stuttgart. A) went B) am going C) go D) goes 3. She ---- her homework in the afternoon. A) is doing B) does C) did D) are doing 4. Our cat ---- a big mouse. A) is catching B) caught C) catches D) catch 5. In 2011 our class ---- a trip to Norwich. A) to make B) are making C) made D) is making 6. The secretary ---- the file yesterday. A) deletes B) is deleting C) delete D) deleted 7. The people ---- something to each other. A) whispered B) is whispering C) whispers D) to whisper 8. The car ---- at the traffic lights. A) stop B) is stopping C) stopped D) stops 9. The boys ---- basketball. A) tries B) tried C) is trying D) try 10. She ---- some chocolates to the party. A) brought B) bringing C) is bringing D) brings simple past [negative] 1. Susan ---- in the kitchen. A) didn t waited B) doesn t wait C) didn t wait D) don t wait 2. He ---- handball. A) doesn t play B) didn t play C) isn t waiting D) didn t played 3. They ---- the classroom. A) don t clean B) didn t cleaned C) doesn t clean D) didn t clean 4. She.. a lot of questions. A) doesn t ask B) isn t asking C) didn t ask D) don t ask 5. I ---- the beds. A) don t make B) am not making C) doesn t make D) didn t make 6. The friends ---- new computers. A) don t get B) aren t getting C) didn t get D) doesn t get 7. You ---- a house. A) didn t built B) don t build C) didn t build D) aren t building 8. The children ---- home. A) aren t running B) don t run C) not to run D) didn t run 9. Christian ---- a new guitar. A) doesn t buy B) didn t buy C) don t buy D) isn t buying 10. She ---- a bath in the morning. A) didn t had B) didn t have C) don t have D) not to have 9

simple past [question] 1. ---- Steven ---- to music yesterday evening? A) Did / listened B) Does / listen C) Did / listen D) Do / listen 2. ---- the ladies ---- a cup of tea in the café? A) Did / have B) Does / have C) Do / have D) Are / having 3. ---- Nancy ---- in the French lesson? A) Is / texting B) Does / text C) Did / text D) Do / text 4. ---- Melissa and Ruth ---- pullovers last Friday? A) Do / wear B) Are / wearing C) Does / wear D) Did / wear 5. ---- your brother ---- hello to people in the street? A) Does / say B) Did / said C) Do / say D) Did / say 6. ---- the teacher ---- the windows in your classroom? A) Does / open B) Did / open C) Is / opening D) Are / opening 7. ---- the girls in your class ---- chess two weeks ago? A) Do / play B) Are / playing C) Does / play D) Did / play 8. ---- your mother ---- breakfast last morning? A) Does / made B) Did / make C) Is / making D) Do / make 9. ---- you ---- the door? A) Are / closing B) Do / close C) Did / close D) Is / closing 10. ---- Claire ---- the housework? A) Did / finished B) Does / finish C) Do / finish D) Did / finish simple past vs simple present 1. She ---- to Australia in 1994 and she liked it very much. A) go B) went C) goes D) going 2. My father usually ---- his steak well-done. A) liked B) like C) liking D) likes 3. My sisters ---- for England every year in June. A) leaves B) left C) leaving D) leave 4. The dog ---- its toy last night. A) eats B) ate C) eating D) eat 5. The policeman ---- to the burglar yesterday. A) talking B) talk C) talked D) talks 6. She ---- a test last week. A) have B) has C) having D) had 7. The gentleman ---- to his servant 2 hours ago. A) speaks B) speaking C) speak D) spoke 8. The kangaroo always ---- its baby. A) carry B) carried C) carries D) carrying 9. My friend ---- a lot every day. A) talking B) talk C) talked D) talks 10. The man ---- to the supermarket last weekend. A) drove B) driving C) drive D) drives 10

11. My brothers ---- for England last week. A) leaves B) left C) leave D) leaving 12. I don't like that man because he often --- - at me. A) laugh B) laughing C) laughed D) laughs 13. Her sister never ---- A) smoking B) smokes C) smoke D) smoked 14. The cat usually ---- its basket when it is hungry. A) left B) leaving C) leave D) leaves 15. I often see her mother but she never ---- to me. A) spoke B) speaks C) speaking D) speak 16. After school, James ---- to become a banker. A) wanting B) wants C) wanted D) want 17. They ---- to New York five years ago. A) travel B) travelling C) travelled D) travels 18. Sally usually ---- her lunch at home. A) eats B) ate C) eating D) eat 19. Lucy ---- her friends last week. A) doesn t meet B) didn t meet C) isn t meeting D) didn t met 20. She ---- French last year. A) study B) studies C) studying D) studied simple past continuous [affirmative] 1. He ---- the beds. A) made B) was making C) making D) were making 2. The boys ---- the parrots. A) was feeding B) fed C) were feeding D) feeding 3. We ---- breakfast at 5:30 this morning. A) were having B) are having C) was having D) had 4. She ---- a nice skirt. A) is wearing B) was wearing C) were wearing D) wore 5. Tom's younger brother ---- A) were crying B) is crying C) was crying D) crying 6. She ---- photos with my new camera. A) was taking B) took C) taking D) were taking 7. My father ---- vegetables at the supermarket. A) bought B) buying C) were buying D) was buying 8. They ---- on the sofa. A) are sitting B) were sitting C) was sitting D) is sitting 9. Alice ---- around the lake. A) was walking B) walked C) were walking D) is walking 10. Caron ---- to the radio. A) is listening B) was listening C) are listening D) were listening 11

simple past continuous [negative] 1. Sarah and Luke ---- A) was not working B) are not working C) did not work D) were not working 2. Mister Miller ---- chemistry. A) were not teaching B) did not teach C) was not teaching D) not teaching 3. Barry ---- a lorry. A) did not drive B) was not driving C) not driving D) were not driving 4. Taylor and Bob ---- home. A) were not cycling B) did not cycle C) not cycling D) was not cycling 5. My brother and I ---- a board game. A) was not playing B) were not playing C) not playing D) did not play 6. John and Martin ---- pizza. A) not eating B) did not eat C) were not eating D) are not eating 7. John ---- a horse. A) is not riding B) did not ride C) not riding D) was not riding 8. The tourists ---- on a big aeroplane. A) were not flying B) not flying C) did not fly D) are flying 9. The reporters ---- in front of the building. A) did not stand B) not standing C) were not standing D) was not standing 10. Annie ---- the table. A) was not cleaning B) did not clean C) is not cleaning D) not cleaning simple past continuous [question] 1. ---- Ashley ---- on the computer? A) Is / working B) Does / work C) Was / working D) Did / work 2. ---- they ---- the bike? A) Were / repairing B) Are / repairing C) Did / repair D) Do / repair 3. ---- Melissa ---- out a book? A) Did / take B) Was / taking C) Were / taking D) Is / taking 4. ---- you ---- to music? A) Are / listening B) Were / listen C) Do / listen D) Were / listening 5. ---- Nicolas ---- at a picture? A) Did / look B) Was / look C) Is / looking D) Was / looking 6. ---- Emma and Bertha ---- their friend? A) Were / phoning B) Are / phoning C) Do / phone D) Did / phoning 7. ---- the girl ---- the window? A) Is / opening B) Was / opening C) Does / open D) Did / open 8. ---- he ---- judo? A) Did / do B) Was / do C) Is / doing D) Was / doing 9. ---- the friends ---- home from school? A) Were / coming B) Did / coming C) Do / come D) Does / come 10. ---- Tyler ---- with the cooking? A) Was / help B) Does / help C) Was / helping D) Did / help 12

Simple Past vs Simple Past Continuous 1. The boys ---- while the girls were sunbathing. A) swimming B) was swimming C) swam D) were swimming 2. While the parents ---- breakfast, their children were running about. A) had B) were having C) having D) was having 3. I ---- asleep while I was watching TV last night. A) fell B) was falling C) were falling D) falling 4. I was cycling through the park, when I ---- a strange noise. A) was hearing B) hearing C) heard D) were hearing 5. It ---- to rain while she was watering the flowers in her garden. A) started B) starting C) was starting D) to start 6. While he ---- a shower, his dogs were eating his steaks. A) were taking B) took C) to take D) was taking 7. Cindy ---- her leg while she was snowboarding. A) broke B) was breaking C) to break D) were breaking 8. My father was driving at 70 km/h when a policeman ---- him. A) to stop B) stopped C) was stopping D) were stopping 9. My dad ---- off the ladder while he was painting the carport. A) to fall B) was falling C) fell D) falling 10. We ---- go down the road at 100 kph when the wheel fell fall off. A) were going B) went C) going D) was going 11. He nearly ---- a heart attack when he saw the bear. A) had B) was having C) to have D) were having 12. She ---- in a questionnaire when the pen ran out of ink. A) filled B) to fill C) was filling D) were filling 13. Mike ---- his friend because he was facing the other way. A) weren t seeing B) didn t saw C) wasn t seeing D) didn t see 14. Uncle Ben ---- dressed when he felt a sharp pain in his chest. A) was getting B) got C) were getting D) getting 15. While we ----, we were doing crossword puzzles. A) waited B) was waiting C) waiting D) were waiting 16. Nick ---- sick while he was travelling in Texas. A) was becoming B) to become C) became D) were becoming 17. I dropped a cup while I ---- the dishes. A) washing B) washed C) were washing D) was washing 18. When Inga was driving, she ---- an animal in the road. A) was noticing B) noticed C) to notice D) were noticing 19. Jon and Bill were washing the car when they ---- their friend Alex. A) saw B) were seeing C) seeing D) see 20. While I was texting, the school bus ---- A) was arriving B) to arrive C) arrived D) were arriving 13

Simple Present Continuous vs Simple Past Continuous 1. I ---- now. I am on holiday. A) was not working B) am not working C) were not working D) not working 2. I live in Kharkiv, but now I ---- in Moscow. A) am living B) was living C) living D) were living 3. The thieves ---- in the kitchen when the police came in. A) was hiding B) are hiding C) were hiding D) is hiding 4. Listen! The telephone ---- A) was ringing B) are ringing C) were ringing D) is ringing 5. We ---- breakfast when she walked into the room. A) are having B) is having C) was having D) were having 6. My Dad ---- his lunch now. A) are not having B) is not having C) were not having D) was not having 7. Unfortunately, the Petersons ---- for dinner today. A) were not coming B) is not coming C) was not coming D) are not coming 8. I ---- ; I didn't hear you come in. A) am sleeping B) was sleeping C) were sleeping D) are sleeping 9. Look! Junko ---- into the water. A) are jumping B) was jumping C) were jumping D) is jumping 10. You won't find Jerry at home right now. He ---- in the library. A) was studying B) are studying C) is studying D) were studying 11. When I phoned my friends, they ---- Monopoly. A) are playing B) is playing C) was playing D) were playing 12. When Jane ---- a language course in Ireland, she visited Blarney Castle. A) is doing B) were doing C) are doing D) was doing 13. When I got up yesterday, the sun ---- A) was shining B) is shining C) were shining D) are shining 14. He ---- in China this summer. A) are travelling B) were travelling C) is travelling D) was travelling 15. We ---- to lunch now. Would you like to join us? A) were going B) is going C) are going D) was going 16. The children ---- when their father came home. A) are playing B) is playing C) was playing D) were playing 17. My father can t come to the phone now. He ---- a shower. A) is taking B) was taking C) are taking D) were taking 18. When I ---- the washing-up, I broke a plate. A) were doing B) are doing C) am doing D) was doing 19. While I ---- past some villages, I saw some people in their gardens. A) am cycling B) was cycling C) were cycling D) is cycling 20. She can't go out today. She ---- for an exam. A) are preparing B) was preparing C) is preparing D) were preparing 14

simple future [affirmative] 1. Tomorrow it ---- in the north-west. A) rains B) rained C) is raining D) will rain 2. My friend ---- 12 next Monday. A) was B) will be C) is D) were 3. Hey John! Wait a minute. I ---- a word with you. A) have B) had C) is having D) will have 4. She ---- her boss next week. A) was contacting B) contacted C) will contact D) contacts 5. I think you ---- this job. A) got B) will get C) is getting D) was getting 6. They ---- at about 6 pm. A) are arriving B) arrive C) arrived D) will arrive 7. The teacher ---- this exercise. A) will explain B) explains C) explained D) was explaining 8. He ---- the bottle of water. A) drops B) is dropping C) will drop D) dropped 9. Lots of accidents ---- in that weather. A) happened B) were happening C) happen D) will happen 10. She ---- if you show her the spider. A) is screaming B) screamed C) will scream D) was screaming simple future [negative] 1. Tim ---- the teacher. A) does not tell B) will not tell C) did not tell D) was not telling 2. I hope I ---- the train to Manchester. A) did not miss B) am not missing C) will not miss D) was not missing 3. She ---- her hair green. A) is not dyeing B) does not dye C) did not dye D) will not dye 4. He ---- breakfast tomorrow morning. A) was not preparing B) will not prepare C) does not prepare D) is not preparing 5. The manager ---- trees in front of the office building. A) did not plant B) was not planting C) does not plant D) will not plant 6. Melissa ---- jeans at her party. A) is not wearing B) did not wear C) will not wear D) was not wearing 7. My friends ---- in a city. A) do not live B) did not live C) was not living D) will not live 8. We ---- about the bad weather. A) is not worrying B) did not worry C) will not worry D) were not worrying 9. I ---- in this lake. A) will not swim B) was not swimming C) do not swim D) am not swimming 10. You ---- the vase on the shelf. A) do not reach B) did not reach C) is not reaching D) will not reach 15

simple future [question] 1. ---- our team ---- the match? A) Does / win B) Did / win C) Is / winning D) Will / win 2. When ---- you ---- in Scotland? A) Are / arriving B) Will / arrive C) Do / arrive D) Did / arrive 3. ---- Colin ---- the housework this week? A) Does / do B) Did / do C) Is / doing D) Will / do 4. ---- you ---- in for a moment? A) Are / coming B) Were / coming C) Will / come D) Did / come 5. Where ---- she ---- in 2030? A) Is / living B) Will / live C) Did / live D) Was / living 6. ---- I ---- you at home tomorrow? A) Will / ring B) Did / ring C) Was / ringing D) Am / ringing 7. ---- you ---- me the salt, please? A) Were / passing B) Are / passing C) Will / pass D) Do / pass 8. ---- Rupert ---- breakfast? A) Does / make B) Will / make C) Did / make D) Is / making 9. ---- the teacher ---- her parents? A) Does / phone B) Did / phone C) Was / phoning D) Will / phone 10. ---- Frank ---- 16 this year? A) Was / turning B) Will / turn C) Is / turning D) Did / turn Simple Present vs Simple Future 1. I ll call you when I ---- at my hotel. A) will arrive B) arrive C) arrives 2. He ---- you as soon as he s on the bus. A) texts B) text C) will text 3. Let s eat dinner when John ---- here. A) gets B) will get C) get 4. Julie ---- late tomorrow evening, so I ve booked a table at a restaurant for 10pm. A) is B) are C) will be 5. As soon as I ---- able to, I m going to get a new job. A) am B) will be C) is 6. Please wait here until the nurse ---- you. A) call B) will call C) calls 7. I ---- up early tomorrow morning and finish the report then. A) will get B) get C) gets 8. Before you ----, please make sure you ve locked the door. A) leaves B) leave C) will leave 16

9. She ---- us know later, when she s ready to leave. A) lets B) let C) will let 10. I must clean the kitchen before my mother ---- here. A) gets B) will get C) get 11. I ---- to meet you at the station next weekend. A) come B) will come C) comes 18. She s going to look for a job as soon as she ---- in London. A) arrives B) will arrive C) arrive 19. Today after I ---- out of class, I will go to a movie with some friends. A) gets B) will get C) get 20. She ---- me an email before she leaves the office later today. A) send B) will send C) sends 12. I ---- until you re finished then we can go. A) wait B) waits C) will wait 13. John will study until he ---- all the answers. A) know B) knows C) will know 14. She thinks that it ---- next weekend. A) will rain B) rains C) rain 15. What do you want to do after the class -- --? A) finish B) will finish C) finishes 16. I think that the Democrats ---- the next election. A) will win B) win C) wins 17. Jenny will come here after she ---- work. A) finish B) finishes C) will finish 17

simple future continuous [affirmative] 1. Peggy ---- to the party on Saturday. A) will come B) is coming C) will be coming D) comes 2. We ---- him tomorrow. A) will meet B) meet C) was meeting D) will be meeting 3. This time next week he ---- to South Africa. A) was flying B) will fly C) will be flying D) is flying 4. At 6 o'clock on Friday they ---- the new song. A) sing B) will be singing C) were singing D) sang 5. It ---- when I reach Bangkok. A) rained B) is raining C) rains D) will be raining 6. Tomorrow at nine I ---- a test. A) write B) will be writing C) am writing D) will do 7. Andy ---- a video when I arrive tonight. A) will be watching B) watches C) watch D) is watching 8. You ---- pizza soon. A) was eating B) will be eating e D) eats 9. She ---- when you telephone her. A) will sleep B) sleeps C) is sleeping D) will be sleeping 10. They ---- in Budapest just about now. A) arrived B) was arriving C) will arrive D) will be arriving simple future continuous [negative] 1. I ---- Japanese next month. A) do not learn B) was not learning C) will not be learning D) will not learn 2. The model ---- new outfits in Paris this time on Friday. A) is not presenting B) did not present C) will not be presenting D) does not present 3. I ---- to this song everyday next week. A) will not be listening B) was not listening C) do not listen D) will not listen 4. Our team ---- against Black Horses next season. A) was not playing B) will not play C) does not play D) will not be playing 5. The hairdresser ---- best stars' hair. A) did not cut B) will not be cutting C) is not cutting D) will not cut 6. The student ---- for the exam this time next month. A) does not revise B) will not revise C) was not revising D) will not be revising 7. My dad ---- tomorrow in the morning. A) does not fish B) will not fish C) is not fishing D) will not be fishing 8. I ---- my work at 9 pm next week. A) will not be finishing B) am not finishing C) did not finish D) will not finish 9. Mark ---- a bike this time tomorrow. A) will not ride B) is not riding C) will not be riding D) did not finish 10. We ---- the Olympic Games. A) were not watching B) will not watch C) will not be watching D) do not watch 18

simple future continuous [question] 1. What ---- the president ----? A) Does / visit B) Will / visit C) Will / be visiting D) Did / visit 2. Who ---- my mum ---- to? A) Was / talking B) Will / be talking C) Did / talk D) Is / talking 3. Where ---- all the guests ----? A) Will / be dancing B) Were / dancing C) Do / dance D) Did / dance 4. What ---- the chairman ----? A) Will / be drinking B) Does / drink C) Will / drink D) Was / drinking 5. Who ---- the restaurant ---- free dinners to? A) Was / giving B) Does / give C) Will / be giving D) Will / give 6. Where ---- my dog ---- tomorrow at 6pm? A) Will / swim B) Is / swimming C) Did / swim D) Will / be swimming 7. Who ---- Andrea ---- the stories to? A) Does / tell B) Was / telling C) Will / be telling D) Did / tell 8. What ---- they ----? A) Will / be singing B) Do / sing C) Are / singing D) Will / sing 9. Who ---- his new house? A) Do / decorate B) Will / be decorating C) Did / decorate D) Will / decorate 10. Who ---- Luise and Amanda ---- scarves for? A) Do / knit B) Are / knitting C) Will / be knitting D) Will / knit Simple Future vs Simple Future Continuous 1. John told us that he ---- when we arrive at the station so we will have to get a taxi. A) will be working B) will work 2. I ---- you with the barbeque if you like. A) will be helping B) will help 3. David ---- at the club tonight. We should go and see him. He s a great sax player. A) will play B) will be playing 4. I ---- a little late tomorrow so I ll probably miss the start of the ceremony. A) will be B) will be being 5. There is a serious problem. I ---- at around 4.pm to discuss it. A) will be calling B) will call 6. You ---- an answer to your proposals by tomorrow. A) will receive B) will be receiving 7. The tourists ---- sight-seeing in the country all next week. A) will go B) will be going 8. They ---- here again at exactly 7 p.m. tomorrow. A) will be B) will be being 9. We ---- still ---- through the Red Sea when you arrive at Cairo. A) will sail B) will be sailing 10. Where ---- you ---- this time next year? A) will / be staying B) will / stay 19

11. Your shoes ---- ready in fifteen minutes. A) will be B) will be being 12. He ---- when you come this afternoon. A) will be sleeping B) will sleep 13. It ---- still ---- when we leave. A) will rain B) will be raining 14. They ---- a meeting between 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. today. A) will be attending B) will attend 15. The travellers ---- the desert this time tomorrow. A) will cross B) will be crossing 16. You ---- your homework before you go out tonight. A) will finish B) will be finishing 17. Please leave the dishes. I ---- them tomorrow. A) will be doing B) will do 18. While you re in the kitchen preparing snacks, Jim and Jeff ---- the SuperBowl. A) will be watching B) will watch 19. Next Saturday at this time, we on the beach in Mexico. A) will relax B) will be relaxing 20. He ---- to bed at 10 o clock tonight. A) will go B) will be going present perfect [affirmative] 1. Karen ---- me an e-mail. A) have sent B) will sent C) has sent D) is sending E) will be sending 2. Dave and Pat ---- the museum. A) are visiting B) visited C) will visit D) have visited E) has visited 3. I ---- at the pet shop. A) was B) have been C) will be D) has been E) am 4. They ---- already ---- their rucksacks. A) has packed B) was packing C) will be packing D) have packed E) packed 5. Marcus ---- an accident. A) has B) has had C) is having D) will have E) will be having 6. We ---- the shopping for our grandmother. A) has done B) was doing C) have done D) will do E) will be doing 7. I ---- just ---- my bike. A) have cleaned B) will clean C) am cleaning D) will be cleaning E) clean 8. Emily ---- her room. A) paints B) will be painting C) has painted D) will paint E) painted 9. Lisa and Colin ---- to a concert. A) are going B) have gone C) was going D) will go E) will be going 10. My friends ---- smoking. A) give up B) has given up C) gave up D) will give up E) have given up 20

present perfect [negative] 1. The cat ---- onto the table. A) have not jumped B) did not jump C) has not jumped D) will not jump E) will not be jumping 2. I ---- the castle. A) have not visited B) was not visiting C) will not visit D) do not visit E) has not visited 3. We ---- out of the room. A) has not gone B) were not going C) have not gone D) will not go E) will not be going 4. Fred ---- the money. A) does not steal B) has not stolen C) was not stealing D) will not be stealing E) will not steal 5. They ---- Anne about it. A) will not tell B) are not telling C) did not tell D) have not told E) has not told 6. Steven ---- through the park. A) have not walked B) will not walk C) has not walked D) will not be walking E) is not walking 7. The teacher ---- to the party. A) did not come B) has not come C) is not coming D) will not be coming E) will not come 8. They ---- a Tablet PC so far. A) will not use B) do not use C) are not using D) will not be using E) have not used 9. My father ---- the car. It is still dirty. A) have not polished B) will not polish C) was not polishing D) has not polished E) will not be polishing 10. The children ---- the comics yet. A) will not be reading B) was not reading C) have not read D) has not read E) will not read present perfect [question] 1. ---- your brother ---- the shopping? A) Have / done B) Was / doing C) Will / be doing D) Has / done E) Did / do 2. ---- Julian ever ---- a spider? A) Has / touch B) Did / touch C) Was / touching D) Will / touch E) Will / be touching 3. ---- your father ever ---- on an elephant? A) Is / riding B) Has / ridden C) Will / ride D) Did / ride E) Will / be riding 4. ---- Lee ---- his parents yet? A) Have / asked B) Was / asking C) Will / ask D) Has / asked E) Will / be asking 5. What ---- you ---- in your text? A) Will / write B) Has / written C) Are / writing D) Did / write E) Have / written 6. ---- Bill ---- off the radio? A) Do / turn B) Has / turned C) Will / turn D) Was / turning E) Have / turned 7. ---- you ever ---- in a helicopter? A) Has / flown B) Were / flying C) Have / flown D) Did / fly E) Will / be flying 8. Who ---- the window? A) has broken B) will break C) did break D) do break E) will be breaking 9. ---- you ever ---- for your friends? A) Do / cook B) Will / be cooking C) Have / cooked D) Were / cooking E) Has / cooked 10. ---- John ---- here for five years? A) Did / live B) Will / live C) Have / lived D) Has / lived E) Do / live 21

Simple Past vs Present Perfect 1. I ---- in London for three years. I love it here. A) has been B) was C) have been 2. We ---- Julie last night. A) have seen B) saw C) has seen 3. When the boss walked into the room, we ---- someone was going to get fired. A) has known B) have known C) knew 4. Lucy ---- her leg, so she can t come skiing. A) have broken B) broke C) has broken 5. He ---- that film last year. A) saw B) has seen C) have seen 6. Julie ----! Come and say hello! A) arrived B) has arrived C) have arrived 7. The children ---- a window in the school last week. A) broke B) have broken C) has broken 8. They ---- cold when they arrived home. A) have been B) were C) has been 9. I ve known about the problem for months, but I ---- a solution yet. A) have not found B) did not found C) has not found 10. She ---- a teacher for ten years, and she still enjoys it. A) was B) have been C) has been 11. How long ---- Jill? I know you see her often. A) has you known B) have you known C) did you know 12. We ---- this room last week. A) finished B) have finished C) has finished 13. I ---- Julie for three years we still meet once a month. A) has known B) knew C) have known 14. I ---- hockey since I was a child I m pretty good! A) played B) have played C) has played 15. I m sorry, John isn t here now. He ---- to the shops. A) has gone B) went C) have gone 16. Last night I ---- my keys I had to call my flatmate to let me in. A) have lost B) lost C) has lost 17. Yesterday, I ---- to the library, the post office and the supermarket. A) have gone B) has gone C) went 18. She ---- in London when she was a child. A) lived B) has lived C) have lived 19. Jack ---- his arm when he fell off a horse in 2005. A) broke B) has broken C) have broken 20. I ---- three cups of coffee this morning. A) have drunk B) drank C) has drunk 22

present perfect continuous [affirmative] 1. I ---- this website since 1999. A) have run B) will run C) have been running D) will be running E) has been running 2. My parents ---- for years. A) has been smoking B) have smoked C) was smoking D) have been smoking E) will smoke 3. He ---- for his girlfriend since 6 o'clock. A) have been waiting B) has waited C) is waiting D) will wait E) has been waiting 4. We ---- in Greece since last August. A) has been living B) have been living C) will be living D) have lived E) were living 5. Max and Paul ---- their bikes all day. A) have ridden B) are riding C) have been riding D) will be riding E) has been riding 6. Emily ---- on the computer for too long. A) has worked B) was working C) have been working D) has been working E) will work 7. They ---- the mountain. A) has been climbing B) have climbed C) will be climbing D) will climb E) have been climbing 8. It ---- since I came home. A) have rained B) will be raining C) has been raining D) was raining E) have been raining 9. You ---- to music since 12:30. A) have listened B) have been listening C) has been listening D) are listening E) will be listening 10. Frank ---- for the last 20 minutes. A) has been dreaming B) have been dreaming C) will be dreaming D) has dreamed E) will dream present perfect continuous [negative] 1. Carl ---- to the teacher for the last ten minutes. A) have not been listening B) was not listening C) has not been listening D) has not listened E) will not be listening 2. The students ---- to learn the new words. A) will not try B) were not trying C) has not been trying D) didn t try E) have not been trying 3. Kim ---- crossword puzzles. A) have not been doing B) will not be doing C) has not done D) has not been doing E) was not doing 4. I ---- in the last lesson. A) has not been sleeping B) will not sleep C) have not been sleeping D) were not sleeping E) have not slept 5. The doctor ---- the patients. A) have not examined B) has not been examining C) was not examining D) did not examine E) have not been examining 6. They ---- out loud. A) have not laughed B) did not laugh C) have not been laughing D) are not laughing E) were not laughing 7. We ---- the whole evening. A) have not been phoning B) have not phoned C) will not phone D) were not phoning E) are not phoning 23

8. My father ---- dinner. A) is not preparing B) has not been preparing C) will not be preparing D) was not preparing E) has not prepared 9. Zack ---- the whole evening. A) is not dancing B) has not danced C) has not been dancing D) was not dancing E) will not dance 10. The children ---- on the floor. A) don t sleep B) will not be sleeping C) have not slept D) were not sleeping E) have not been sleeping present perfect continuous [question] 1. ---- she ---- on the phone? A) Will / be talking B) Has / been talking C) Are / talking D) Has / talked E) Have / been talking 2. ---- his brother ---- dinner? A) Has / cooked B) Will / cook C) Has / been cooking D) Was / cooking E) Have / been cooking 3. ---- Jane and Mary ---- badminton? A) Have / been playing B) Did / play C) Were / playing D) Will / play E) Have / played 5. ---- Robert ---- the room? A) Will / be painting B) Have / been painting C) Has / painted D) Was / painting E) Has / been painting 6. ---- they ---- trees? A) Did / plant B) Will / be planting C) Have / been planting D) Will / plant E) Have / planted 7. ---- Henry ---- in the garage? A) Will / be working B) Has / worked C) Has / been working D) Will / work E) Was / working 8. ---- they ---- in the lake? A) Has / been swimming B) Have / swum C) Will / be swimming D) Have / been swimming E) Were / swimming 9. ---- they ---- around Asia? A) Have / travelled B) Have / been travelling C) Will / be travelling D) Has / been travelling E) Will / travel 10. ---- Lilly ---- a hard time at work? A) Did / have B) Have / been having C) Has / have D) Will / have E) Has / been having 4. ---- Sue ---- in the gym? A) Will / exercise B) Has / exercised C) Is / exercising D) Has / been exercising E) Have / been exercising 24

Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous 1. ---- you ---- your train ticket yet? A) Has / bought B) Have / been buying C) Have / bought D) Has / been buying 2. The kitchen is a complete mess! What ---- the children ----? A) Have / done B) Has / been doing C) Has / done D) Have / been doing 3. Julie ---- to drive for six years! A) has learned B) has been learning C) have learned D) have been learning 4. Amanda ---- already ---- lunch, so she ll meet us later. A) have had B) have been having C) has been having D) has had 5. How much coffee ---- she ---- this morning? A) Has / drunk B) Has / been drinking C) Have / drunk D) Have / been drinking 6. Simon ---- three books. A) have been writing B) has been writing C) has written D) have written 7. I ---- everything I needed to do today! Hurray! A) has done B) have been doing C) has been doing D) have done 8. It ---- all summer, so the garden is dead. A) has not rained B) have not rained C) have not been raining D) has not been raining 9. I ---- your book. Here it is, thank you. A) have been reading B) has read C) have read D) has been reading 10. She ---- how to get to my house. A) has been forgetting B) has forgotten C) have been forgetting D) has forgotten 11. I ---- in the garden all day and I need a rest. A) has been working B) have worked C) have been working D) has worked 12. She ---- three cakes. They look delicious! A) has been making B) has made C) have been making D) have made 13. David feels great these days. He ---- up early lately. A) have been getting B) have gotten C) has been getting D) has gotten 14. We ---- always ---- rush hour traffic. A) has hated B) have hated C) have been hating D) has been hating 15. Recently, I ---- a lot. My exams are in a few weeks. A) has been studying B) has studied C) have studied D) have been studying 16. We ---- this book for months and months. A) has been writing B) have been writing C) have written D) has written 17. I ---- to go back to university for a long time. A) have been wanting B) has wanted C) have wanted D) has been wanting 18. What s that delicious smell? ---- you ----? A) Has / been cooking B) Have / cooked C) Has / cooked D) Have / been cooking 19. I ---- seven films this week! A) have watched B) has watched C) have been wanting D) has been wanting 20. Those children ---- chocolate all day. That's why they feel sick! A) have eaten B) have been eating C) has eaten D) has been eating 25

past perfect [affirmative] 1. She ---- in Sweden before she went to Norway. A) has lived B) had lived C) has been living D) was living 2. After we ---- the cornflakes, Henry came in. A) have eaten B) had eaten C) have been eating D) were eating 3. Before Ken ran to Kerry's house, he ---- him. A) has been phoning B) phoned C) had phoned D) has phoned 4. After they ---- their rucksacks, they rode away on their bikes. A) have packed B) have been packing C) will be packing D) had packed 5. Gerry helped his grandma in the house because his father ---- him so. A) has told B) had told C) has been talking D) was talking 6. The cat hid under the chair because the children ---- so loud. A) were B) have been C) had been D) has been 7. Laura repaired her glasses because her brother ---- them. A) has broken B) broke C) has been broking D) had broken 8. By the time the show began, all friends --- - A) were arriving B) had arrived C) have been arriving D) have arrived 9. He ---- only twice in his life before the accident. A) has driven B) had driven C) drove D) has been driving 10. Bonny no longer had her car. She ---- it. A) has sold B) had sold C) has been selling D) will sell past perfect [negative] 1. The driver ---- at the traffic lights, so the police car chased him. A) has not stopped B) did not stop C) had not stopped D) has not been stopping 2. The budgie flew away because Jim ---- the window. A) has not been closing B) had not closed C) was not closing D) has not closed 3. When we came home, Frank ---- the ceiling yet. A) has not painted B) has not been painting C) had not painted D) will not paint 4. Eric ---- his friends, so he was alone on Saturday evening. A) has not been inviting B) had not invited C) has not invited D) was not inviting 5. I ---- Olivia for three years before I met her in Spain. A) have not seen B) have not been seeing C) will not be seeing D) had not seen 6. Lisa ---- the book, so she didn't understand the film. A) had not read B) has not been reading C) did not read D) has not read 7. The Smiths ---- the new camera, so they could spend the money on new furniture. A) have not brought B) had not bought C) were not bringing D) have not been bringing 26

8. I didn't find my keys because I ---- under the bed. A) have not looked B) had not looked C) have not been looking D) will not look 9. We ---- enough, so we lost the match. A) have not been practising B) will not be practising C) had not practised D) have not practised 10. The thief could walk right into the house because you ---- the door. A) have not locked B) had not locked C) have not been locking D) were locking 7. ---- Tim ---- the onions before he hurried to the window? A) Has / been cutting B) Had / cut C) Was / cutting D) Has / cut 8. ---- you ---- here before? A) Have / been surfing B) Did / surf C) Had / surfed D) Have / surfed 9. ---- Peggy ---- to Lisa before she prepared dinner? A) Were / talking B) Has / been talking C) Had / talked D) Has / talked 10. ---- you ever ---- London before you went there in 2009? A) Had / visited B) Were / visiting C) Have / visited D) Have / been visiting past perfect [question] 1. ---- they ---- the instructions before they switched on the mobile phone? A) Have / been reading B) Had / read C) Were / reading D) Have / read 2. ---- the girl ---- the new words before she texted her friend? A) Did / learn B) Has / learned C) Were / learning D) Had / learned 3. ---- they ---- the office before they drove away? A) Have / been ringing B) Have / rung C) Had / rung D) Were / ringing 4. What ---- Lucy ---- before she turned on the TV? A) Had / done B) Did / do C) Has / been doing D) Has / done 5. ---- Walter ---- the software before he switched off the computer? A) Has / been updating B) Did / update C) Has / updated D) Had / updated 6. What ---- she ---- before she ran away? A) Was / finding B) Had / found C) Has / been finding D) Has / found Simple Past vs Past Perfect 1. After Fred ---- his holiday in Italy he ---- to learn Italian. A) had spent / wanted B) spent / had wanted C) spent / wanted D) had spent / had wanted 2. Jill ---- Dad at work before she ---- for her trip. A) phoned / left B) had phoned / had left C) had phoned / left D) phoned / had left 3. Susan ---- on the radio after she ---- the dishes. A) had turned / had washed B) turned / had washed C) turned / washed D) had turned / washed 4. When she ---- the match ---- already ---- A) had arrived / had started B) arrived / started C) had arrived / started D) arrived / had started 27

5. After the man ---- home he ---- the cat. A) came / fed B) had come / had fed C) had come / fed D) came / had fed 6. Before he ---- a song he ---- the guitar. A) sang / had played B) had sung / had played C) sang / played D) had sung / played 7. She ---- a video after the children ---- to bed. A) had watched / had gone B) watched / went C) watched / had gone D) had watched / went 8. After Eric ---- breakfast he ---- his friend. A) made / phoned B) had made / had phoned C) made / had phoned D) had made / phoned 9. I ---- very tired because I ---- too much. A) was / studied B) had been / had studied C) was / had studied D) had been / studied 10. They ---- their bikes before they ---- their friends. A) rode / met B) had ridden / met C) rode / had met D) had ridden / had met 11. When I got to the airport I ---- I ---- my passport. A) discovered / forgot B) had discovered / forgot C) discovered / had forgotten D) had discovered / had forgotten 12. I ---- the fridge to find someone ---- all my chocolate. A) opened / had eaten B) had opened / ate C) opened / ate D) had opened / had eaten 13. William ---- ill last night because he ---- too many cakes. A) had felt / had eaten B) felt / ate C) had felt / ate D) felt / had eaten 14. I ---- my husband for three years when we ---- married. A) knew / got B) had known / got C) knew / had gotten D) had known / had gotten 15. Julie ---- very pleased to see that John -- -- the kitchen. A) had been / cleaned B) was / cleaned C) was / had cleaned D) had been / had cleaned 16. It ---- all summer, so the grass ---- completely dead. A) didn t rain / was B) hadn t rained / had been C) didn t rain / had been D) hadn t rained / was 17. John ---- the piano when he ---- a child, but he doesn t play now. A) played / was B) had played / was C) played / had been D) had played / had been 18. When we ---- at the station, the train ---- already ---- A) had arrived / had left B) arrived / had left C) had arrived / left D) arrived / left 19. We ---- already ---- when John ---- home. A) had eaten / had come B) ate / came C) had eaten / came D) ate / had come 20. After arriving home, I ---- I ---- any milk. A) had realized / didn t buy B) realized / didn t buy C) had realized / hadn t bought D) realized / hadn t bought 28

Present Perfect vs Past Perfect 1. When I opened the refrigerator, I discovered that someone ---- the last piece of cake. A) has eaten B) had eaten C) have eaten 2. She failed the test because she ---- A) hasn't studied B) haven t studied C) hadn't studied 3. By the end of the night, John ---- with everyone at the party. A) has talked B) have talked C) had talked 4. We ---- the new English teacher yet. A) haven't met B) hadn't met C) hasn t met 5. ---- Brazilian food until my trip to Rio last month. A) I have never had B) I had never had C) I has never had 6. They couldn't drive home because ---- their keys in the car. A) they have locked B) they has locked C) they had locked 7. Don't get the floor dirty - my mother ---- the house. A) has just cleaned B) had just cleaned C) have just cleaned 8. You're working late again?! ---- overtime every day this week! A) You has worked B) You have worked C) You had worked 9. I had a great time on my date with Henry last week, but he ---- me since. A) hasn't called B) hadn't called C) haven t called 10. The locals were amazed because they -- -- a horse before. A) have never seen B) has never seen C) had never seen 11. I ---- my exams finally I m so happy! A) had finished B) has finished C) have finished 12. They said: 'You can't come in because you ---- your membership card.' A) have forgotten B) has forgotten C) had forgotten 13. Before my trip to Paris two years ago, I - --- to France. A) have never been B) has never been C) had never been 14. I never get up from the table before others ---- A) have finished B) has finished C) has finished 15. They wouldn't let him in because he ---- his membership card. A) has forgotten B) had forgotten C) have forgotten 16. They ---- a lot of champagne by the time the party ended. A) have drunk B) has drunk C) had drunk 17. When we finally stopped him, the squirrel ---- five cookies. A) had already eaten B) has already eaten C) have already eaten 18. I ---- so many beautiful places since I came to Utah. A) had visited B) have visited C) has visited 19. By the time I got to the office, the meeting ---- without me. A) has already begun B) have already begun C) had already begun 20. Since I began acting, I ---- in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. A) has performed B) have performed C) had performed 29

past perfect continuous [affirmative] 1. She ---- only ---- English for years before she got the job. A) had studied B) has been studying C) had been studying D) has been studying 2. They ---- for over an hour before Tony arrived. A) have been talking B) had been talking C) were talking D) had talked 3. James ---- at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. A) had been teaching B) has taught C) has been teaching D) had taught 8. I ---- for ten minutes before I started sunbathing. A) had been swimming B) was swimming C) had swum D) has been swimming 9. Susan ---- various sports for a long time so she was very fit. A) has been doing B) had done C) has done D) had been doing 10. I felt dizzy because I ---- in the sun for too long. A) was sitting B) had been sitting C) had sit D) have been sitting 4. The detectives ---- for the murderer for a long time before they arrested him. A) have been searching B) had searched C) were searching D) had been searching 5. My father ---- for that company before it finally went bankrupt. A) had worked B) had been working C) has been working D) has worked 6. John ---- to school before his father bought him a bicycle. A) has been walking B) had walked C) had been walking D) was walking 7. Ann was exhausted because she ---- all morning. A) was exercising B) had exercised C) has been exercising D) had been exercising 30

past perfect continuous [negative] 1. They ---- the piano for long before they were ready to perform. A) have not been practicing B) had not practiced C) did not practice D) had not been practicing 2. My friends ---- alcohol before they went to that club. A) have not been drinking B) were not drinking C) had not been drinking D) had not drunk 3. The man ---- the walls all day long. A) had not painted B) had not been painting C) has not been painting D) did not paint 8. I ---- for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain. A) did not walk B) had not been walking C) have not walked D) have not been walking 9. I ---- English for two hours. A) was not studying B) had not studied C) have not studied D) had not been studying 10. My mother ---- the meal when I phoned her. A) has not been studying B) had not studied C) had not been studying D) was not studying 4. I ---- long when there was a knock at the door. A) had not been sleeping B) had not slept C) have not been sleeping D) was not sleeping 5. He didn t feel healthy, because he ---- to the gym. A) has not been going B) had not gone C) had not been going D) has not gone 6. I caught a cold because I ---- properly. A) was not eating B) have not eaten C) have not been eating D) had not been eating 7. She looked tired, but she ---- A) had not studied B) has not been studying C) had not been studying D) was not studying 31

past perfect continuous [question] 1. ---- Mary ---- for John when you saw her? A) Had / waited B) Has / been waiting C) Has / waited D) Had / been waiting 2. ---- they ---- dinner when they heard the explosion? A) Did / have B) Had / been having C) Have / been having D) Had / had 3. ---- two drivers ---- when the police car came? A) Have / been fighting B) Had / fought C) Had / been fighting D) Were / fighting 8. ---- you ---- in that house when you moved here last year? A) Have / been living B) Had / lived C) Had / been living D) Did / live 9. ---- David ---- the books on the shelves when the lights went off? A) Had / put B) Has / been putting C) Did / put D) Had / been putting 10. ---- Peter ---- such kind of things before or was that the first time? A) Had / been doing B) Had / done C) Has / been doing D) Did / do 4. ---- you ---- an argument with your brother when your father saw you? A) Had / been having B) Were / having C) Have / been having D) Had / had 5. ---- Edward ---- with the girl next door when his mother called him? A) Have / been playing B) Had / played C) Had / been playing D) Did / play 6. ---- Gloria ---- the washing up when her husband opened the door? A) Was / doing B) Has / been doing C) Had / done D) Had / been doing 7. ---- the teacher ---- the lessons for the next day when you saw him? A) Has / prepared B) Had / been preparing C) Had / prepared D) Has / been preparing 32

Past Perfect Continuous vs Past Perfect 1. I ---- to get tickets for that play for months before my friend finally got them. A) had tried B) had been trying 2. When I arrived at the theatre, he ---- up the tickets. A) had already been picking B) had already picked 3. He was really angry because he ---- for more than half an hour when I arrived. A) had been waiting B) had waited 4. We ---- the play when the lights went off. A) had watched B) had been watching 5. It was more than a month before we realized what ---- to him. A) had happened B) had been happening 6. It was a relief to find the documents. I ---- for them all afternoon. A) had looked B) had been looking 7. He was dismissed, even though, in his opinion, he ---- anything wrong. A) had not done B) had not been doing 8. He was very upset because he ---- for more than half an hour. A) had waited B) had been waiting 9. It was not the first time I'd met him. We --- - many times before. A) had met B) had been meeting 11. He called me at eleven in the evening to tell me that he ---- a solution. A) had finally found B) had finally been finding 12. Lucy ---- for a new car, so she was delighted when she got one. A) had been hoping B) had hoped 13. He ---- her two years before we met. A) had been marrying B) had married 14. I ---- coffee all morning. In the end, I felt really strange. A) had drunk B) had been drinking 15. My sister ---- for hours when her friends arrived. A) had waited B) had been waiting 16. I ---- to travel that's why I was delighted to go abroad with them. A) had always wanted B) had always been wanting 17. By the time I came back from my business trip, a lot of things ---- A) had been changing B) had changed 18. We ---- there since 1980, you know. A) had been staying B) had stayed 19. I ---- in London before. How expensive hotels are! A) had never been staying B) had never stayed 20. I saw John yesterday, but ---- so he was too tired to chat. A) had run B) had been running 10. The boss ---- to clients on Skype for hours, so she wanted a break. A) had talked B) had been talking 33

Past Perfect Continuous vs Present Perfect Continuous 1. I ---- on my house all day before I sat down to play my guitar. A) have been working B) had been working C) has been working 2. Bonnie ---- vitamins ever since she got a very bad flu. A) has been taking B) have been taking C) had been taking 3. She ---- for a long time before she got out of the pool. A) has been swimming B) had been swimming C) have been swimming 4. Ellen ---- ever since her doctor told her to lose weight. A) had been dieting B) has been dieting C) have been dieting 5. We ---- with each other online before we stopped to take a break. A) have been communicating B) has been communicating C) had been communicating 6. Mary s parents ---- ever since they received the bad news. A) have been crying B) had been crying C) has been crying 7. He ---- a good day until a thief came into his apartment and took all his money. A) has been having B) had been having C) have been having 8. We ---- in the same apartment since we were children. A) has been living B) had bene living C) have been living 9. When the doctor told him his liver was seriously bad, he ---- hamburgers for a month. A) have been eating B) had been eating C) has been eating 10. Before Jim finally decided to go to Thailand, he ---- about it for months. A) had been thinking B) has been thinking C) have been thinking 11. Diane ---- at the hospital ever since her husband died of cancer. A) have been volunteering B) had been volunteering C) has been volunteering 12. Ross ---- long walks ever since he got a new dog. A) has been taking B) had been taking C) have been taking 13. After he ---- all day, he went home to study English on the internet. A) has been working B) had been working C) have been working 14. We ---- the internet as a means for communication for many years. A) has been using B) had been using C) have been using 15. You ---- soccer but then your friend came by and you stopped. A) had been playing B) have been playing C) has been playing 16. Alex ---- since he came home from his business trip. A) have been sleeping B) has been sleeping C) had been sleeping 17. Clara ---- weight ever since she joined an exercise class. A) had been losing B) have been losing C) has been losing 18. When they cancelled the flight to Alicante, the storm ---- all afternoon with no sign of abating. A) had been raging B) has been raging C) have been raging 19. Dave ---- to work ever since his car broke down. A) have been walking B) has been walking C) had been walking 20. The students ---- this exercise since they came to class. A) has been doing B) had been doing C) have been doing 34

Simple Past Continuous vs Past Perfect Continuous 1. Scarlett came into the room panting. She ---- round the park. A) was jogging B) had been jogging C) were jogging 2. I ---- a bath when I suddenly had a great idea. A) was having B) had been having C) were having 3. He told me he ---- seriously ---- about finding another job soon. A) were thinking B) had been thinking C) was thinking 4. It was obvious from her outrageous behaviour that she ---- A) was drinking B) had been drinking C) were drinking 5. He ---- about finding a new job for about a year before he finally got round to it. A) was thinking B) were thinking C) had been thinking 6. Scarlett wasn't in. She ---- around the park. A) was jogging B) had been jogging C) were jogging 7. I ---- a latte in the Café New York, when I saw a famous actor walk past the window. A) had been drinking B) were drinking C) was drinking 8. They ---- for over an hour before Tony arrived. A) were talking B) had been talking C) was talking 9. When the phone rang, she ---- a letter. A) was writing B) had been writing C) were writing 10. While we ---- the picnic, it started to rain. A) was having B) had been having C) were having 11. She ---- at that company for three years when it went out of business. A) was working B) had been working C) were working 12. I ---- to my ipod, so I didn t hear the fire alarm. A) was listening B) were listening C) had been listening 13. Mike wanted to sit down because he ---- all day at work. A) were standing B) was standing C) had been standing 14. While John ---- last night, someone stole his car. A) had been sleeping B) was sleeping C) were sleeping 15. James ---- at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. A) had been teaching B) was teaching C) were teaching 16. What ---- you ---- when the earthquake started? A) had / been doing B) were / doing C) was / doing 17. He looked tired because he ---- all night. A) was working B) were working C) had been working 18. You ---- to me when I told you to turn the oven off. A) were not listening B) was not listening C) had not been listening 19. They ---- for many years, but then they retired. A) were working B) had been working C) was working 20. The twins ---- in different cities before they discovered each other. A) were living B) was living C) had been living 35

future perfect [affirmative] 1. Anne ---- her bike next week. A) will be repairing B) will repair C) will have repaired D) has repaired 2. We ---- the washing by 8 o'clock. A) will do B) have done C) will be doing D) will have done 3. She ---- Paris by the end of next year. A) will have visited B) will visit C) has visited D) will be visiting 4. Sam ---- by next week. A) has left B) will be living C) will have left D) will leave 5. She ---- this with her mother tonight. A) will discuss B) will have discussed C) has discussed D) will be discussing 6. The police ---- the driver. A) will arrest B) will be arresting C) has arrested D) will have arrested 7. They ---- their essay by tomorrow. A) have written B) will write C) will have written D) will be writing 8. Paolo ---- the teams. A) will manage B) will have managed C) has managed D) will be managing 9. By the end of the month Ken ---- with me for a year. A) will work B) will be working C) has worked D) will have worked 10. The president ---- by this time next year. A) has changed B) will have changed C) will be changing D) will change future perfect [negative] 1. It's still early so she ---- at work by now. A) won t have arrived B) won t arrive C) hasn t arrived D) won t be arriving 2. Bill ---- my letter by tomorrow. A) won t be receiving B) won t have received C) hasn t received D) won t receive 3. They ---- their tasks by noon. A) won t complete B) haven t completed C) won t have completed D) haven t been completing 4. My friends ---- the party by the time I come. A) won t begin B) haven t begun C) won t be beginning D) won t have begun 5. Kate ---- her French by next summer. A) hasn t improved B) won t improve C) hasn t been improving D) won t have improved 6. I ---- the essay before the weekend. A) won t have finished B) haven t finished C) won t be finishing D) won t finish 7. Julia ---- the emails by next week. A) won t be sending B) hasn t sent C) won t send D) won t have sent 8. She ---- work by seven. A) won t finish B) hasn t finished C) won t have finished D) hasn t been finishing 9. John ---- the Office by tomorrow. A) won t clean B) won t have cleaned C) hasn t cleaned D) won t be cleaning 10. We're running behind schedule. We ---- the work by the deadline. A) won t have finished B) haven t finished C) won t finish D) won t be finishing 36

future perfect [question] 1. ---- you ---- enough money to study abroad next year? A) Have / saved B) Will / have saved C) Have / been saving D) Will / save 2. ---- they ---- German by the end of the year? A) Will / be learning B) Have / learned C) Will / have learned D) Had / learned 3. ---- he ---- most of his exams by next Thursday? A) Will / take B) Has / taken C) Will / be taking D) Will / have taken 4. ---- Mark ---- by the end of the year? A) Has / retired B) Will / have retired C) Will / retire D) Had / retired 5. ---- you ---- in love with her for a year by then? A) Will / have been B) Will / be C) Have / been D) Had / been 6. ---- George ---- his book by next winter? A) Will / have written B) Will / write C) Has / written D) Will / be writing 7. ---- you ---- the list of people to be invited before I get back so that we can discuss it? A) Will / complete B) Will / have completed C) Have / completed D) Had / completed 8. ---- you ---- your English homework by the time your mother arrives? A) Have / finished B) Will / be finishing C) Will / have finished D) Will / finish 9. When ---- we ---- everything? A) will / do B) have / done C) will / have done D) will / be doing 10. ---- she ---- home by lunchtime? A) Will / get B) Will / have got C) Has / got D) Had / got Future Perfect vs Simple Future 1. Everyone is hungry. I ---- some doughnuts for breakfast. A) will get B) will have gotten 2. I'm sure that your English ---- by the end of the school year. A) will improve B) will have improved 3. By 2100, the world s population ---- to around 30.000 million. A) will have increased B) will increase 4. Peter, ---- you ---- the porch tomorrow? A) will / fix B) will / have fixed 5. Many women ---- this association by the beginning of the next year. A) will join B) will have joined 6. Life ---- more automated by then. A) will become B) will have become 7. The house is dirty. I ---- it on Monday. A) will clean B) will have cleaned 8. I hope it ---- raining before the match starts. A) will have stopped B) will stop 9. Becky, ---- you ---- to Alaska with us this summer? A) will have gone B) will go 10. I am feeling homesick. I ---- home to visit my family. A) will go B) will have gone 37

11. She ---- better. There are positive signs. A) will have gotten B) will get 12. By next February I ---- my third book. A) will have written B) will write 13. I hope you ---- my name by tomorrow. A) will not forget B) will not have forgotten 14. We ---- the match. We are playing really well. A) will win B) will have won 15. By the beginning of June, my father ---- to France. A) will return B) will have returned 16. Two new private radio stations ---- by the end of the next month. A) will have started B) will start 17. I ---- it back to you as soon as I get my salary. A) will have paid B) will pay 18. The school library ---- many interesting books and magazines by the end of this month. A) will have received B) will receive 19. Why don t you come with us? I am sure you ---- the show. A) will have enjoyed B) will enjoy 20. I ---- the task by the time my colleague returns. A) will have accomplished B) will accomplish future perfect continuous [affirmative] 1. I ---- the violin for two months by tomorrow. A) will be playing B) will have played C) will have been playing D) have been playing 2. Mary ---- dinner for two hours by 3 o'clock. A) has been cooking B) will have been cooking C) has cooked D) will have cooked 3. By the end of the day, the boys ---- for ten hours. A) will have been fishing B) have fished C) will have fished D) have been fishing 4. He ---- in a hotel for a month by the end of September. A) has been staying B) will have stayed C) will be staying D) will have been staying 5. By next summer Bill ---- in our band for two years. A) will have sung B) has been singing C) will have been singing D) will sing 6. By next July Jessica ---- in that serial for a year. A) will be acting B) will have been acting C) has been acting D) will have acted 7. Richard ---- his poem for three days by tomorrow. A) will have written B) has written C) will be writing D) will have been writing 38

8. I ---- English for a year by the end of October. A) will be teaching B) will have taught C) will have been teaching D) have been teaching 9. By next Monday Helen ---- glasses for two months. A) will have worn B) has been wearing C) will be wearing D) will have been wearing 10. My grandmother ---- stray cats for ten years by next year. A) has been feeding B) will be feeding C) will have fed D) will have been feeding future perfect continuous [negative] 1. You ---- your clothes for a month by now! A) won t be washing B) won t have been washing C) haven t been washing D) won t have washed 2. I ---- any painkillers for six months by the end of July. A) haven t been taking B) won t be taking C) won t have been taking D) won t have taken 3. Her cousin ---- her for three years by now. A) won t have been calling B) won t be calling C) won t have called D) hasn t been calling 5. I ---- sweets for two months by next Sunday. A) won t be eating B) won t have been eating C) haven t been eating D) haven t eaten 6. We ----, so we ll have lots of energy. A) won t have worked B) won t be working C) haven t been working D) won t have been working 7. They ----, so they might want to go for a walk. A) won t have been exercising B) won t be exercising C) haven t been exercising D) won t have exercised 8. He ----, TV all afternoon. A) hasn t been watching B) won t have watched C) won t have been watching D) hadn t been watching 9. I ----, here for long when I change jobs. A) won t be working B) won t have been working C) haven t been working D) won t have worked 10. You ----, about computers for long when you start your new job. A) won t have learned B) haven t been learning C) won t have been learning D) won t be learning 4. My cat ---- milk for ten months by November. A) hasn t been drinking B) won t have drunk C) won t have been drinking D) hasn t drunk 39

future perfect continuous [question] 1. ---- Nick ---- French for two years by next semester? A) Will / be learning B) Will / have been learning C) Have / been learning D) Will / have learned 2. ---- your sister ---- my friend for a year by May? A) Will / have dated B) Has / been dating C) Will / have been dating D) Will / be dating 3. ---- your dog ---- for an hour by now? A) Will / have been barking B) Will / be barking C) Has / been barking D) Will / have barked 4. How long ---- your mother ---- gold rings by next year? A) have / been collecting B) will / have collected C) will / be collecting D) will / have been collecting 5. How long ---- she ---- children on her own by next year? A) has / been rising B) will / have been rising C) had / been rising D) will / have risen 6. How long ---- you ---- when you finally get your exam results? A) will / have been waiting B) had / been waiting C) will / be waiting D) have / been waiting 7. How long ---- she ---- to move house when she finally moves? A) will / be planning B) will / have been planning C) has / been planning D) will / have planned 8. ---- she ---- long by the time we get there? A) Will / have waited B) Had / been waiting C) Will / have been waiting D) Has / been waiting 9. ---- he ---- computer games for ten hours when he finally stops? A) Will / have played B) Has / been playing C) Will / be playing D) Will / have been playing 10. ---- you ---- when we meet? A) Had / been working B) Will / have been working C) Will / have worked D) Have / been working Future Perfect Continuous vs Future Perfect 1. By the time I start my shift, Dr. Frazier ---- for 18 hours straight. A) will have worked B) will have been working 2. Sheila ---- the scholarship by the time she starts school in September. A) will have gotten B) will have been getting 3. By this time next month, I hope they ---- building the community center. A) will have finished B) will have been finishing 4. Professor Adams ---- at this university for 25 years by the time he retires in June. A) will have taught B) will have been teaching 5. By this time tomorrow night we ---- in Australia. A) will have arrived B) will have been arriving 6. ---- he ---- the message by the time your flight takes off? A) Will / have been receiving B) Will / have received 40

7. Dana ---- the night shift by the time you get up in the morning. A) won t have finished B) won t have been finishing 8. The team ---- at the exhibition for five hours by the time I arrive there. A) will have worked B) will have been working 9. By the time we get on the plane, they ---- already ---- the luggage. A) will / have been loading B) will / have loaded 10. By 2025, I hope researchers ---- a cure for cancer. A) will have found B) will have been finding 11. By the time we get to Chicago this evening, we ---- more than four hundred miles. We are going to be exhausted. A) will have been driving B) will have driven 12. When Sarah goes on vacation next month, she ---- German for over two years. She should be able to communicate fairly well while she is in Austria. A) will have been studying B) will have studied 16. I came to England six months ago. I started my economics course three months ago. When I return to Australia, I ---- for nine months. A) will have been studying B) will have studied 17. Margie just called and said she would be here at 8 o'clock. By the time she gets here, we ---- for her for two hours. A) will have waited B) will have been waiting 18. Frank just changed jobs again. If he keeps this up, he ---- jobs at least four or five times by the end of the year. A) will have been changing B) will have changed 19. Come over to my house around 9 o'clock. By then, I ---- my history essay and we can go see a movie. A) will have completed B) will have been completing 20. John will come back in summer. By then he ---- in Cork for two years. A) will have stayed B) will have been staying 13. I have not traveled much yet; however, I ---- the Grand Canyon and San Francisco by the time I leave the United States. A) will have visited B) will have been visiting 14. By the time you finish studying the verb tense tutorial, you ---- all twelve tenses including their passive forms. A) will have been mastering B) will have mastered 15. Drive faster! If you don't hurry up, she -- -- the baby by the time we get to the hospital. A) will have had B) will have been having 41

Future Perfect Continuous vs Simple Future 1. I haven t seen him for a long time but I think I ---- him. A) will recognize B) will have been recognizing 2. By the end of June I ---- (live) in this flat for thirteen years. A) will have been living B) will recognize 3. Don t play with those matches; you ---- yourself. A) will have been burning B) will burn 4. Look out! You ---- yourself with that knife. A) will have been hurting B) will hurt 5. He ---- the police as soon as he gets home. A) will call B) will have been calling 6. By the time we get home they ---- (play) football for half an hour. A) will play B) will have been playing 7. He ---- breakfast tomorrow morning. A) will not have been preparing B) will prepare 8. I ---- English for ten years by the end of this year. A) will have been learning B) will learn 9. By the end of the term she ---- for nine years. A) will study B) will have been studying 10. By midnight we ---- this computer game for 48 hours. A) will have been playing B) will play 11. Don't worry, mum, I promise I ---- good care of the plants. A) will have been taking B) will take 12. In the future, people ---- in ecological homes. A) will live B) will have been living 13. Today after I get out of class, I ---- to a movie with some friends. A) will have been going B) will go 14. By the end of this month we ---- together for six years. A) will live B) will have been living 15. When you arrive in Stockholm, call my friend Gustav. He ---- you around the city and help you get situated. A) will show B) will have been showing 16. By the end of the week I ---- here for four months. A) will have been working B) will work 17. She ---- a language course in Malta next week. A) will do B) will have been doing 18. By next week, we ---- for over a month. A) will renovate B) will have been renovating 19. By midnight, you ---- for 4 hours. A) will have been dancing B) will dance 20. Tomorrow it ---- in the north-west. A) will have been raining B) will rain 42

Mixed Tense Questions 1. Don't call me until about 7.30. I ---- my homework until then. A) will not be finishing B) won't have finished C) won't finish D) will not have been finishing 2. She offered me an apple, but I wasn't hungry as I ---- lunch. A) just ate B) had just eaten C) just eaten D) was just eating 3. At this time tomorrow I ---- on the beach in Florida. A) lie B) will be lying C) will lie D) will have been lying 4. I ---- for a few minutes when a noise outside the window woke me up. A) was only sleeping B) only slept C) had only slept D) had only been sleeping 5. I ---- for more than an hour before she finally arrived. A) waited B) was waiting C) had been waiting D) had waited 6. I was so relieved when I found my keys. I ---- for them all morning. A) looked B) had looked C) had been looking D) was looking 7. She asked me if I wanted to go to the cinema, but I ---- in the garden the whole day and all I wanted to do was go to bed. A) was working B) had been working C) worked D) had worked 8. ---- my calculator? I can't find it anywhere. A) Did you see B) Have you seen C) You seen D) Did you seen 9. The lesson ---- 20 minutes earlier today. The teachers have to go to a meeting. A) finishes B) is going to finish C) will finish D) is finishing 10. I ---- tennis three times already this week and it's still only Wednesday. A) play B) played C) was playing D) have played 11. Does Miko know about the party next week? - I'm not sure. I ---- her when I see her. A) am asking B) will ask C) ask D) am going to ask 12. What ---- for breakfast? A) do you usually have B) are you usually having C) have you usually D) do usually you have 13. My brother ---- very hard at the moment, because some of his colleagues are off sick. A) works B) work C) is working D) working 14. A: What ----? B: She's an architect. A) is your sister doing B) does your sister do C) does your sister D) is your sister do 43

15. This time tomorrow you ---- sitting in a deck chair on the beach. A) are B) were C) will D) will be 16. After the storm ---- finished, many people were found lying in the street. A) has B) had C) were D) did 17. This time tomorrow some of the people in this room ---- to their home countries. A) will travel B) will have been travelling C) will be travelling D) will have travelled 18. Augusto couldn't open the classroom door because one of the other students ---- it from the inside. A) locked B) was locking C) has locked D) had locked 19. Every day, even when it's raining heavily, Henry ---- for an early morning run before eating breakfast. A) was going B) is going C) goes D) will go 20. At the moment, ---- an exercise in order to review the English verb tenses that I have learned. A) I do B) I was doing C) I'm doing D) I've done 21. Before people landed on the Moon in 1969, some people ---- that the moon was made of cheese. A) believed B) were believing C) have believed D) had been believing 22. By Christmas, all of the students in our class ---- to their countries. A) will return B) will have returned C) will be returning D) will have been returning 23. This is Javi's last week at the school so ---- Goodbye to all his new friends for the last three days. A) he says B) he said C) he's said D) he's been saying 24. I'm sorry I can't come to your party tomorrow night. ---- dinner with Cristina and Samara. Maybe I can come along afterwards. A) I will have B) I'm having C) I have D) I will have had 25. So far, during her time at International House Bristol, Tchior ---- to six pancake parties and fifteen barbecues. A) came B) comes C) has come D) has been coming 26. At six o'clock this morning most of us were asleep in bed. But Atheer ---- for today's grammar. A) studied B) studies C) was studying D) has studied 27. This is the second to last question in this set of questions. In two minutes' time you ---- and then you will find out your score. A) will finish B) will have finished C) will be finishing D) will have been finishing 44

28. When Elisabetta ---- for her morning lesson, the teacher was collecting the homework from the other students. A) arrived B) was arriving C) had arrived D) had been arriving 29. Jun-Sik ---- his teeth before breakfast every morning. A) clean B) is cleaning C) will clean D) cleans 30. I ---- my foot playing tennis last week, and now I can hardly walk. A) have injured B) injured C) injure D) was injuring 31. I ---- for a few minutes when a noise outside the window woke me up. A) was only sleeping B) had only slept C) only slept D) had only been sleeping 32. My grandparents live in the USA so I ---- to New York many times. A) am flying B) flew C) have flown D) flies 33. John was stopped by the police on the way home. He ---- too fast. A) drove B) was driving C) had driven D) had been driving 34. I bought a new computer last week, but it ---- so I took it back to the shop. A) don't work B) worked not C) hasn't worked D) didn't work 35. The train ---- in until after midnight. I hope we will be able to find a hotel. A) is not getting B) will not get C) does not get D) is not going to get 36. I think I ---- a new calculator. This one does not work properly any more. A) needs B) needed C) am needing D) need 37. I ---- to the theatre many times when I lived in London. A) have went B) went C) was going D) have gone 38. My grandfather died 10 years before I was born, so I ---- him. A) does not meet B) was not meeting C) did not meet D) have not met 39. I was so relieved when I found my keys. I ---- for them all morning. A) was looking B) had been looking C) looked D) have looked 40. My father ---- me to school this week because we had an accident and our car is being repaired. A) don't drive B) isn't driving C) doesn't drive D) hadn't driven 41. Last week, our teacher ---- us a difficult spelling test. I hope we don't have another one this week. A) gave B) has given C) was giving D) had given 45

42. Rashed ---- to drive a car when he was only twelve years old. A) learns B) learnt C) is learning D) has learnt 43. This morning the weather is good. The sun ---- and it is quite warm. A) shines B) shone C) is shining D) has shone 44. Our teacher, Charlie ---- France three times but he doesn't speak French very well. A) visited B) has visited C) is visiting D) visits 45. At nine o'clock in every English lesson, our teacher ---- us about an interesting part of English culture. A) tell B) tells C) has told D) is telling 46. This morning, Mohamed ---- at seven o'clock because he used two different alarm clocks. A) wakes up B) has woken up C) is waking up D) woke up 47. Every year, the people of Bristol ---- a harbour festival in the centre of the city. A) hold B) have held C) held D) are holding 48. Thomas can't play football with us next week because he ---- his leg. A) breaks B) broke C) has broken D) is breaking 49. Please be very quiet. Mary ---- We don't want her to wake up. A) sleeps B) slept C) was sleeping D) is sleeping 50. I don't want to go to the cinema with you to see Harry Potter 6. I ---- this film twice already on the Internet. A) see B) am seeing C) have seen D) was seeing 51. When we arrived in London it was sunny but all the streets were wet so it ---- raining. A) probably B) probably was C) had probably been D) probably have been 52. First we ---- to the supermarket to buy the food and then we went to the off license to buy the beer for the party. A) went B) were going C) have gone D) had gone 53. When we ---- for six hours we were very tired and we decided to stop for a rest. A) were walking B) had walked C) had walking D) walked 54. When I arrived at the party, dinner had already started and everybody ----. A) ate B) was eating C) is eating D) has eaten 55. When all the guests ---- home after the party we discovered that somebody had broken the toilet seat. A) went B) have been going C) have gone D) had gone 46

56. While I ---- along the street yesterday morning, I met somebody who I had been at school with twenty years ago. A) walked B) was walking C) had walked D) had been walking 57. When I looked in the cupboard I saw that I ---- any more coffee because I had drunk it all. A) didn't have B) wasn't having C) hadn't had D) hadn't been having 58. When Dilea arrived for her morning class, the classroom was empty because all the students ---- in the computer room. A) worked B) had worked C) were working D) had been working 59. At ten to nine on Friday morning, I was running as fast as possible to school because my alarm clock ---- off. A) didn't go B) wasn't going C) hadn't been going D) hadn't gone 60. Last night, the children were very scared. I think one of them ---- a ghost. A) saw B) had seen C) was seeing D) have seen 61. When Samuel returned to Switzerland he was very fit. During his time in England he ---- ten miles every day. A) walked B) was walking C) had walked D) had been walking 62. When I went to Australia, I ---- a kangaroo before. A) didn't ever see B) wasn't seeing C) had never seen D) hadn't been seeing 63. You ---- a beautiful cake. It tastes delicious. A) had been making B) have made C) were making D) had made 64. This house is often empty because the owners ---- abroad 5 times a year. A) are going B) go C) went D) were going 65. Ask her to come and see me when she - --- her work. A) finish B) will finish C) has finished D) finished 66. "What are you doing?" "I ---- to find my watch." A) try B) am trying C) tried D) have tried 67. While I ---- to the assistant, the manager found my receipt. A) was complaining B) complained C) have complained D) have been complaining 68. Look! Two boys ---- A) are fighting B) fight C) is fighting D) fought 69. John ---- this film 2 months ago. A) has seen B) have seen C) saw D) was seeing 70. What a beautiful geranium! Who ---- it there? A) put B) has put C) has been putting D) had put 47

71. I don't remember what ---- last night at two a.m. A) I was doing B) I have been doing C) I am doing D) I have done 72. What was he doing when you ---- sight of him? A) were catching B) caught C) have caught D) had caught 73. A few years ago you never ---- a woman standing in a bus. A) had seen B) see C) have seen D) saw 74. The first time you ---- London was in 1963, wasn't it? A) visited B) was visiting C) have visited D) visit 75. Who ---- Hamlet? A) has been writing B) wrote C) has written D) had written 76. ---- eat delicious food at the party yesterday? A) Did you B) Have you C) Are you D) Were you 77. When I went in, he ---- a TV programme so intently that he didn't hear me. A) watched B) was watching C) had watched D) has been watching 78. Tomorrow morning, I think, Ali ---- to his embassy in London. A) will going B) goes C) is going to go D) has gone 79. Right now I ---- in front of a computer, trying to do an exercise about tenses. A) sit B) sat C) was sitting D) am sitting 80. Last night at seven o'clock Jiang ---- dinner with her family. A) had B) has had C) was having D) is having 81. In my life, up to now, I ---- a UFO twice in two different places. A) saw B) have seen C) see D) was seeing 82. Every weekend Emrah ---- to a Bristol nightclub with his friends. A) goes B) has gone C) is going D) go 83. This afternoon we ---- a pancake party in the school basement at five o'clock. A) have B) are having C) have had D) will have 84. Obedan ---- Abdul for three months since he joined the class. A) knew B) knows C) has known D) was knowing 48

85. Last Friday in class we ---- a short test and then we played a game. A) had B) were having C) have had D) are having 86. I don't think we ---- more snow this year because the weather is getting warmer. A) have B) are having C) have had D) will have 87. Most mornings Belen ---- at the school a few minutes before the class starts. A) arrives B) arrived C) is arriving D) was arriving 88. I didn't have time to do my homework last night but I ---- time to watch the TV. A) am having B) had C) have had D) have 89. This morning I ---- three cups of coffee. That's why I am completely awake and not sleepy. A) have B) have had C) had D) am having 90. Every Friday, our teacher ---- us a test to see how much we have learnt. A) give B) gives C) is giving D) has given 91. Every time I ---- to England, it is rainy and cold. A) go B) goes C) have gone D) am going 92. Today, my teacher ---- a blue shirt and dark blue trousers. A) wear B) wears C) has worn D) is wearing 93. I can't go to the cinema this evening because I ---- a lot of homework to do. A) have B) had C) has had D) am having 94. It is very noisy outside the school today. I think somebody ---- down trees in the next door garden. A) cut B) cuts C) was cutting D) is cutting 95. Do you want to come out with me this evening? I ---- to an Indian restaurant with some other students. A) go B) goes C) am going D) have been going 96. My father usually goes to bed after midnight but this week he ---- to bed early because of his job. A) go B) goes C) was going D) is going 97. ---- this TV programme? Or would you like me to change the channel? A) Are you enjoy B) Are you enjoying C) Do you enjoy D) Do you enjoying 98. I ---- difficult tests. Please can we have an easy test this week? A) don't like B) was not liking C) am not liking D) didn't like 49

99. This lesson, Edna ---- next to Bo Bae and Rashed is next to Juan. A) sit B) sits C) was sitting D) is sitting 100. Most days of the week, ---- your lunch in the students' room? A) eat you B) do you eat C) have you eaten D) are you eating 101. I bought my holiday tickets yesterday. I ---- to Turkey this August for two weeks. A) flying B) was flying C) am flying D) flies 102. I can't join you for lunch. I ---- for an important phone call. A) wait B) will wait C) am waiting D) have waited 103. Harrison Ford is a famous actor. He ---- in many popular movies. A) has been appearing B) had appeared C) has appeared D) appeared 104. I ---- about you when I received your email. A) was just thinking B) just thought C) have just been thinking D) was just thought 105. What ---- about the new anti-smoking by law? A) are you thinking B) do you think C) have you thought D) have you been thinking 106. Mr. Jones is planning to retire. He ---- at Bow Valley College for a long time. A) work B) has worked C) had worked D) works 107. It is my wife's birthday tonight and I ---- a romantic dinner. A) am making B) make C) makes D) was making 108. Next week when there ---- a Chinook, the temperature will be warmer. A) has been B) is C) will be D) will have been 109. While I ---- TV last night, I did my homework. A) watch B) watched C) was watching D) am watching 110. I've been in this city for a long time. I -- -- here sixteen years ago. A) have come B) was coming C) came D) had come 111. The bus was late. The passengers were angry because they ---- for half an hour. A) are waiting B) were waiting C) have been waiting D) had been waiting 112. The soccer team ---- a championship until last year, when they won first place. A) has never won B) is never winning C) had never been winning D) had never won 50

113. Chen ---- English for three years. A) will be studying B) has study C) will have been studying D) has been studying 114. We have a cottage at Sylvan Lake. It --- - in the family for thirty years. A) was B) has been C) is D) will be 115. The vegetables should be ready, they - --- for at least twenty minutes. A) are boiling B) boiling C) have been boiling D) were boiling 116. I am not busy on Friday. I ---- you move. A) help B) will help C) has helped D) am helping 117. To make soil, gardeners usually ---- their compost pile each day. A) turn B) are turning C) have turned D) turned 118. You look tired. You ---- too hard lately. A) worked B) work C) were working D) have been working 119. Marcia ---- at school for two weeks. A) hasn't been B) hadn't been C) isn't D) wasn't 120. When I grow up I ---- a doctor. I've always wanted to be a doctor that's why science is my favourite subject. A) am B) am going to be C) will be D) will have been 121. By the time you finish this exercise, you ---- twelve questions. A) are doing B) are going to do C) will be doing D) will have done 122. He plans to move house next month so in two months' time he ---- in a new house. A) lives B) is living C) will be living D) will have lived 123. I'm sorry, I can't come to the restaurant with you tomorrow night. I ---- some friends from work for a drink. A) meet B) am meeting C) will meet D) will have met 124. This Christmas, I ---- a few days with my brother's family, like I usually do. A) spend B) have been spending C) will be spending D) will have spent 125. Look at those two men shouting at each other. I think they ---- fighting in a moment. A) start B) are starting C) will be starting D) are going to start 126. I'm going to the school tomorrow. When I ---- your teacher, I'll tell her why you are absent. A) see B) am seeing C) will see D) will be seeing 127. This weekend some of the students in our class ---- to Oxford. They bought their tickets on the Internet. A) will go B) go C) are going D) will have gone 51

128. Fifty years from now, everyone will be using bicycles. The world ---- out of oil and everyone will be much healthier. A) runs B) is going to run C) is running D) will have run 129. As you listen, write your answers in the question paper. You ---- time at the end of the test to transfer your answers to the answer sheet. A) are having B) will have C) will be having D) will have had 130. This time next week, most of us ---- in exactly the same seats, doing another test like this one. A) sit B) are sitting C) are going to sit D) will be sitting 131. I didn't hand in my report because I ---- it yet. A) didn't finish B) hadn't finished C) don't finish D) haven't finished 132. I ---- at the new cafeteria and it was excellent. A) have eaten B) was eating C) had eaten D) have been eating 133. My apartment is too expensive. ---- to find a cheaper one. A) I want B) I have wanted C) I wanted D) I'm wanting 134. ---- to conversation class tonight? A) Are you go B) Did you go C) Have you gone D) Are you going 135. Peter plays a lot of tennis but he used to play more than he ---- A) had done B) does C) did D) has done 136. I ---- a cold since last Thursday. A) have B) had C) have been having D) have had 137. How long ---- since you quit smoking? A) it has been B) had it been C) it is D) has it been 138. Laws ---- in society for a long time. A) existed B) are existing C) exist D) have existed 139. Some people ---- on bus to get them to work. A) is depend B) depending C) has depend D) depend 140. I don't feel well. I ---- home from work tomorrow. A) staying B) stay C) will stay D) stayed 141. I feel tired. I ---- up late last night. A) am staying B) stay C) will have stayed D) stayed 142. Steve was upset. He ---- his wallet, and could not find it. A) has lost B) had lost C) was losing D) was lost 52

143. Robert ---- the piano for two years. A) will be studying B) has study C) will have been studying D) has been studying 144. I like my Honda Civic. It ---- reliable for ten years. A) was B) has been C) is D) will be 145. How often does Peter go to the swimming pool? He ---- to the swimming pool every day. He likes swimming. A) goes B) is going C) has gone D) has been going 146. When is the best time to call you? I usually ---- till nine in the evening. Call me around ten, if you can. A) work B) am working C) have worked D) have been working 147. Let's ask Anna to make apple pie for dessert. She ---- great apple pies. A) makes B) is making C) has made D) has been making 148. Please be quiet. My children ---- now. A) sleeping B) are sleeping C) have slept D) have been sleeping 149. The sun ---- in the east. A) rises B) is rising C) has risen D) has been rising 150. Listen! Someone ---- the piano. Do you hear it? Yes. A) plays B) is playing C) has played D) has been playing 151. What is Linda doing? She ---- dinner. A) cooks B) is cooking C) has cooked D) has been cooking 152. She can't go to the movies. She ---- her homework yet. A) doesn't do B) isn't doing C) hasn't done D) hasn't been doing 153. Tanya ---- France several times. A) visits B) is visiting C) has visited D) has been visiting 154. We ---- this report for four hours. I'm tired. Let's have a break. A) write B) are writing C) have written D) have been writing 155. Who ---- food in your family when your Mom is away? A) cooks B) is cooking C) has been cooking D) cooked 156. Where is John? He ---- his car in the garage. A) repairs B) is repairing C) has repaired D) repaired 157. I love this film. I ---- it four or five times already. A) see B) have seen C) had seen D) am seeing 53

158. Have you visited any European countries? Yes. I ---- Spain and Italy two years ago. A) visited B) have visited C) had visited D) had been visiting 159. She ---- the living room when she heard a strange noise in the kitchen. A) has cleaned B) has been cleaning C) was cleaning D) is cleaning 160. I envy you. At five tomorrow you ---- some tan on the beach at the seaside. A) will get B) will be getting C) will have gotten D) will have been getting 161. You arrived two days ago. You are going to leave next Sunday. By the time you leave, you ---- nine days here. A) spend B) have spent C) are spending D) will have spent 162. Where is he? I ---- for him since three o'clock! A) am waiting B) have been waiting C) was waiting D) had been waiting 163. I went to Belgium last month. I ---- there before. It's a beautiful country. A) have never been B) had never been C) never was D) never been 164. He said that his mother would be very upset when she ---- that he had lost his job. A) learns B) learned C) had learned D) has learned 165. I can't leave now. I ---- for an important telephone call. A) wait B) am waiting C) had been waiting D) was waiting 166. What does she do? She ---- the piano in a local orchestra. A) plays B) played C) has played D) is playing 167. He must be very hungry. He ---- anything in three days. A) didn't eat B) hasn't eaten C) hadn't eaten D) wasn't eating 168. First he ---- as a salesman, then as a night clerk, and after that he quit his job and became a writer. A) worked B) has worked C) had worked D) had been working 169. I usually ---- to work by bus. It takes me about forty minutes to get to work by bus. A) go B) am going C) have gone D) have been going 170. Yesterday my daughter flew in an airplane for the first time in her life. She ---- in an airplane before. A) has never flown B) never flies C) was never flying D) had never flown 171. Are you going to Lena's party? No. I - --- home tonight. I'm a little tired. A) stay B) am staying C) stayed D) have stayed 54

172. She probably ---- her keys while she was walking in the park. A) lost B) has lost C) had lost D) was losing 173. Will the rain ever stop? It ---- all day. A) had been raining B) has been raining C) is raining D) was raining 174. I ---- writing my report in an hour or so. Then we can go to a movie. A) finish B) finished C) have finished D) will finish 175. I ---- doing this exercise. A) am finishing B) has just finished C) have just finished D) just finished 176. I ---- positive reviews about that film in the papers so I am going to see it. A) will read B) read C) have read D) has read 177. Which books ---- to school yesterday? A) did you take B) do you take C) have you taken D) take you 178. After he ---- painting, he ---- a shower. A) finished / had B) had finished / had had C) had finished / had D) has finished / had 179. He was late. When he ---- at the airport, the plane ---- A) arrived / had already left B) had arrived / left C) had arrived / had left D) left / had arrived 180. Look! She ---- from a large whiskybottle. A) are drinking B) drinks C) is drinking D) will drink 181. He ---- mineral water every day. A) drinks B) drink C) is drinking D) will drink 182. Leif Ericson ---- Vinland while he ---- towards the west. A) discovered / sailed B) discovered / was sailing C) has discovered / was sailing D) has discovered / were sailing E) was discovering / sailed 183. We ---- my aunt next week on Friday. It will be her birthday. A) are visiting B) have visited C) is visiting D) visited 184. The weather forecast says the sun ---- tomorrow. A) is shining B) will shine C) is going to shine D) shines 185. She ---- in this house for years. A) has been living B) is living C) lived D) lives 186. Hi Jane, you ---- sad! What's up? A) will look B) are looking C) looks D) look 187. I ---- dinner when suddenly I heard a strange noise. A) will cook B) was cooking C) cooked D) cook 55

188. In the summer, we ---- and go swimming everyday. A) sunbathed B) sunbathe C) sunbathes D) are sunbathing 189. The house is in a terrible mess. We've got workmen in. The plumber ---- a new bath and shower. A) puts B) put C) is putting in D) putty 190. I ---- Luis for a long time now. A) didn't see B) see C) haven't seen D) saw 191. Dad, Ana ---- an ice cream. A) went B) wants C) is wanting D) want 192. I was listening to music when somebody ---- at the door. A) knocked B) had knocked C) was knocking D) is knocking 193. Two people are sitting outside in the garden."we hope you ---- this marvellous weather as much as we are." A) enjoyed B) enjoy C) are enjoying D) enjoyed 195. She ---- six days a week. A) usually works B) works usually C) is usually works D) is working usually 196. Yesterday I ---- to see my grandparents. A) go B) have gone C) had gone D) went 197. I ---- all the requirements for the job already. A) am meeting B) meet C) have met D) will meet 198. Diane ---- very sick, but she decided to go out anyway. A) was feeling B) has been feeling C) has felt D) is feeling 199. When it ---- hot tomorrow, the fans will turn on automatically. A) is going to get B) will get C) gets D) has been getting 200. He occasionally ---- a headache in the morning. A) was having B) has C) have D) is having 194. Ronnie, I ---- you in a long time. How have you been? A) was seen B) saw C) haven't seen D) hadn't seen 56

SIMPLE MODALS [active] modal time mood TR may do may not do might do might not do can do can t do could do couldn t do could do couldn t do must do mustn t do should do shouldn t do ought to do oughtn t to do will do won t do would do wouldn t do would do wouldn t do pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut past past pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut pre/fut future future past past pre/fut pre/fut 57

PERFECT MODALS modals time mood TR may have done past may not have done past might have done past might not have done past could have done past couldn t have done past can t have done past must have done past mustn t have done past should have done past shouldn t have done past ought to have done past oughtn t to have done past will have done future won t have done future would have done past wouldn t have done past 58

OTHER MODALS [active] modals time mood TR used to do didn t use to do be used to doing be not used to doing had better do had better not do be going to do be not going to do be supposed to do be not supposed to do be able to do be unable to do have to do don t / doesn t have to do had to do didn t have to do will have to do won t have to do need to do don t / doesn t need to do needed to do didn t need to do will need to do won t need to do would like to do wouldn t like to do past past depends depends present present depends depends depends depends depends depends present present past past future future present present past past future future present present 59

MODAL TEST 1 1. ---- you swim when you were 10? A) can B) could C) must 2. We have a lot of work tomorrow. You --- - be late. A) couldn t B) mustn t C) may not 3. Keiko always does really well on exams. She ---- study a lot. A) must B) can C) has to 4. He s amazing, he ---- speak 5 languages including Chinese. A) have to B) need to C) can 5. The big boss will be at the meeting. You ---- be late. A) don't have to B) mustn t C) couldn t 6. Her new boyfriend is absolutely gorgeous. He ---- be a model. A) might B) ought to C) is able to 7. I searched for your house for ages, luckily I ---- find it in the end. A) might B) was able to C) ought to 8. In order to log on to the Internet, Sally -- -- her user I.D. A) must enter B) has got to entering C) have to enter 9. Try calling him in the evening. He ---- home by eight. A) has to be B) should be C) had to be 10. James ---- speak Japanese when he lived in Japan, but he s forgotten most of it now. A) could B) may C) must 11. When a police officer asks to see your driver's license, you ---- to him/her. A) have got show it B) have got to show it C) must to show it 12. I need to see him as soon as possible. - --- come back soon? A) should he B) must he C) will he 13. Lucy ---- make it to our meeting after all. She s stuck in traffic at the moment. A) shouldn t B) can t C) wouldn t 14. You ---- say sorry to your teacher for being late. It's only polite. A) should B) need C) needn't 60

15. He definitely knows how to fix my bike. He ---- how to fix it. A) must know B) has to know C) is able to know 16. When the car broke down I was really pleased because I ---- solve the problem. A) can B) might C) was able to 17. Clare and Simon ---- bring their car. There's plenty of room for them in ours. A) need B) should C) needn't 18. I don't know if I will go to see a movie tonight. I ---- to see one. A) might go B) should go C) must go 19. I ---- open this window. I think it s stuck! A) can t B) mustn t C) wasn t able to 20. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't sleep well. What ----. A) should I do B) I should do C) had I better do 21. Maybe I will have dinner late tonight. I -- -- dinner late. A) might have B) must have C) should have 22. My brother ---- drive a car. He does not have his license. A) couldn't B) might not C) can't 23. My mother isn't feeling well, so I told her that she ---- to the doctor. A) ought to go B) ought go C) ought 24. The food is really good at that restaurant. They ---- a great chef. A) must have B) have to have C) are able to have 25. ---- you hear the music? It is very quiet. A) Can B) Will be able to C) Should 26. If there's anything you ---- let me know. A) needn't B) need C) should 27. It ---- cloudy tomorrow if the wind stops blowing. A) may be B) should be C) has to be 28. This book is very small. I ---- read the words on the page. A) can't B) couldn't C) wasn't able to 29. Remember you ---- to take a torch and a tin-opener when you go camping. A) should B) needn't C) need 61

30. I was just wondering whether you ---- be able to help me. A) have to B) might C) should 31. ---- you hear the music right now? A) Can B) Could C) May 32. He's been training hard all winter; he ---- be ready for the tournament. A) should B) ought to C) need 33. I don't know why Stephanie isn't eating with us. She ---- hungry. A) might not be B) couldn't be C) don t have to be 34. The singer ---- dance very well. A) can B) has to C) must 35. Our car's gas tank is almost empty. We ---- fill it up with gas soon or we will run out of gas! A) can B) had better C) may 36. George ordered a large hamburger with everything on it except mustard. He ---- like mustard. A) may not B) can t C) shouldn t 37. The music teacher ---- play the piano very well. She plays every class. A) can B) should C) might 38. Tom is wearing a Vancouver Canucks T-shirt. He ---- a Canucks fan. A) must be B) has to be C) is able to be 39. When I was a child, I ---- run faster than I can run now. A) can B) could C) might 40. It s raining and I don t want to get wet. I ---- to bring an umbrella. A) had better B) ought C) should 41. You just ate three hamburgers, an order of large fries and dessert. You ---- still be hungry. A) don t have to B) can t C) may not 42. George is absent from class today. He - --- be sick. A) can B) is able to C) could 43. ---- I take off my shoes in this house? A) ought I B) should I C) do I should 62

44. He ---- be French, judging by his accent. A) could B) has to C) was able to 45. She ---- understand Korean very well, but she ---- speak it perfectly. A) is able to / is able to B) is able to / cannot C) be able to / cannot 46. I ---- think the renovation will cost about $10 000. A) should B) might C) need 47. Nobody's answering. They ---- be out. 48. I'm sorry. I ---- hear you. Please speak more loudly. A) cannot B) needn t C) shouldn t 49. You ---- get a visa if you want to visit China. A) might B) have to C) could 50. He ---- be from the USA. He doesn't speak English. A) can't B) mustn t C) shouldn t A) will be able to B) must C) had to 63

MODAL TEST 2 1. We ---- get to the meeting on time yesterday because the train was delayed by one hour. A) couldn t B) can t C) mustn t 2. The museum is free. You ---- pay to get in. A) mustn t B) don t have to C) can t 3. Harry doesn't answer the phone. He ---- be in the movies. A) has to B) will be able to C) might 4. I ---- drive a car until I was 34, then I moved to the countryside so I had to learn. A) mustn t B) couldn t C) may not 5. Those passengers will ---- show their flight coupons before boarding the plane. A) may B) can C) have to 6. It's 10:00 a.m. He ---- in the office now. A) must be B) had to be C) will be able to 7. She s 7 years old but she ---- read yet her parents are getting her extra lessons. A) can t B) needn t C) shouldn t 8. If you have a pet dog, you ---- feed it every day or it will die! A) have got B) have got to C) has got to 9. You ---- our report tomorrow. A) must receive B) are able to receive C) had to 10. I ---- understand the chapter we had to read for homework. It was so difficult. A) might not B) couldn t C) am not able to 11. You ---- come with us if you don t want to. A) haven t to B) don t have to C) must 12. He worked all day. He ---- tired. A) must be B) ought to be C) has to be 13. John ---- play tennis really well. He s champion of his club. A) can B) may C) should 64

14. Families ---- spend more time talking, instead of just watching the telly. A) need B) needn't C) should 15. They are not sure if they will come. They ---- to class tomorrow. A) ought to come B) have to come C) might come 16. Julian ---- play excellent golf when he was only ten. A) could B) might C) can 17. You ---- to answer all the questions; otherwise the application form will not be accepted. A) should B) ought to C) need 18. Everyone is wearing a thick jacket. It ---- cold outside. A) must be B) ought to be C) has to be 19. Gill ---- play the piano. She s never studied it. A) don t have to B) can t C) mustn t 20. I'm going to visit your country. Where -- -- if I want to go shopping? A) do I have to go B) must I go C) should I go 21. Why is that man looking around like that? He ---- lost. A) must be B) is able to be C) had to be 22. I didn't have much time last night, so I -- -- finish my homework. A) may not B) can't C) couldn't 23. It's raining and I don't want to get my dress wet. I ---- an umbrella. A) had better to bring B) had better bring C) had better not bring 24. It is impossible, you ---- run that distance! A) can not B) may not C) must not 25. He ---- come to class yesterday because he had a doctor's appointment. A) might not B) can't C) couldn't 26. You ---- bother washing up. I'll do it in the morning. A) needn't B) should C) need 27. Look at the camera he has got! He ---- a professional reporter. A) may be B) has to be C) is able to be 65

28. 8 years ago, I ---- play the piano. A) can B) could C) will be able to 29. You ---- go and see Granny. You know how happy it makes her. A) should B) needn't C) need 30. Students ---- only borrow four books at a time. A) may B) will be able to C) are able to 31. ---- go to the party tomorrow? A) Can you B) Could you C) Will you be able to 32. My teacher told me that I ---- review my notes every day. I guess it's a good idea to look at them after class. A) ought to B) am able to C) could 33. You went to bed at 9:30 last night and got up at 11:00 this morning. You ---- still be tired. A) must B) can't C) might 34. I ---- vote in the election next year. A) could B) was able to C) will be able to 35. You ---- not be late or you ll lose your job. A) can B) had better C) might 36. Sam is usually very friendly, but he hasn't smiled at all today. He ---- worried about something. A) might be B) ought to be C) has to be 37. The film is going to start soon, we ---- go or we ll miss it. A) might B) should C) had to 38. Alex wanted to get the promotion very much, but he didn't. He ---- disappointed. A) has to be B) must be C) is able to be 39. After my classes, I ---- speak English very well. A) have to B) must C) will be able to 40. If Richard wants to become a professional musician, he ---- every day. A) has to practise B) may practise C) can practise 41. It ---- be true about a sauropod dinosaur living in Lake Telé in the Congo. It's impossible. A) can't B) may not C) should not 66

42. Sara ---- Italian food and she ---- French food too! A) can cook / is able to cook B) can cooks / can cooks C) can cooking / can cooking 43. I m going to a party tonight. What ---- I wear? A dress or pants? A) should B) must C) might 44. You ---- be right but I'm going to check anyway. A) can B) have to C) ought to 45. The students ---- understand the instructions for the test yesterday, so many of them failed. A) couldn't B) mustn t C) can t 47. The exam ---- be easy. You never know. A) might B) has to C) must 48. I wanted to talk to Jim yesterday, but I -- -- find him. A) couldn't B) might not C) can t 49. You ---- have your glasses mended. I order you to do so! A) must B) can C) might 50. He ---- pass the exam if he studied harder. A) will be able to B) would be able to C) can 46. They didn't ---- to write anything down; they were given a summary. A) should B) must C) need 67

MODAL TEST - 3 1. He ---- at the party on time, even after missing the train, so he was very pleased. A) was able to arrive B) could have arrived C) might have arrived 2. You ---- have mentioned her weight. She was very upset. A) might not B) shouldn't C) wouldn't 3. When Lizzie got home yesterday, there were flowers on the table. Her husband ---- them. A) may bought B) must have bought C) might bought 4. That DVD ---- more that 15 ; it's an old movie! A) can t cost B) shouldn t have cost C) mustn t cost 5. I looked everywhere for my glasses but I ---- them anywhere. A) couldn t find B) needn t find C) can t have found 6. You ---- a lot before you gave your speech. It was really great. A) must have practiced B) ought to practice C) will practice 7. They live in a very big house. They ---- rich. A) must be B) must have been C) have to be 8. Children ---- lies. It s very naughty. A) may not have told B) mustn t tell C) doesn t have to tell 9. I read the book three times but I ---- it. A) mustn t have understood B) don t have to understand C) couldn t understand 10. According to the law, drivers ---- at stop signs. A) must to stop B) must stop C) must stopping 11. Let's watch the film about meteorites on Channel 6. It ---- interesting. A) must have been B) should be C) could be 12. You ---- have spent so much money on CDs. You'll have problems getting to the end of the month now. A) might B) should C) shouldn't 13. She told me she ---- have emailed you if you had given her your address. A) might email B) should have emailed C) would have emailed 14. In 3 years I ---- drive. A) can B) could C) will be able to 15. I ---- this box it s too heavy! Would you help me? A) can t lift B) can t have lifted C) wasn t able to lift 68

16. You ---- pay now. You can pay me next week. A) needn't B) need C) should 17. The lights are out. They ---- to sleep. A) might have gone B) should have gone 18. She is not at home. She ---- at work. A) might be B) must have been C) has to be 19. Unfortunately, I really ---- sing at all! Noone in my family is musical either. A) can t B) may not C) shouldn t D) can go 20. We ---- Dave to the party if we had known he was in town. A) might invite B) should invite C) would have invited 21. She ---- go to church if she doesn't want to. It's not obligatory. A) needn't B) should C) need 22. Unfortunately I ---- my keys last night. A) couldn t find B) mustn t have found C) mustn t find 23. My grandmother ---- use a computer until last month. Since then, she s been taking lessons at the library. A) might not B) shouldn t C) couldn t 24. You ---- come to the pub on Saturday. We had a great time. A) might B) should have C) would have 25. Dave loves chocolate, but he ---- too much or he will get fat. A) shouldn't eat B) should eat C) should have eaten 26. Cheese and biscuits ---- to be kept in tupperware containers; otherwise the cheese goes hard and the biscuits go soft. A) need B) should C) needn't 27. She might be at home, or she ---- at the office. A) might be B) might have been C) should have been 28. The airline only allows two pieces of luggage. You ---- pack too much or you will have to take it out at the airport! A) had better not B) had not better C) better not 29. I left my bicycle in front of the library and it's disappeared. Someone ---- stolen it. A) must have stolen B) might have stolen C) can't have stolen 30. This ---- the right answer but we'll have to check with your teacher to make sure. A) can be B) could have been C) should be 69

31. That woman ---- a doctor! She looks far too young. A) may not have been B) don t need to be C) can t be 32. She has to work tomorrow, so she ---- come to the party. A) couldn't B) won't be able to C) wasn't able to 33. The teacher ---- see the books right now. A) can't B) couldn't C) wasn t able to 34. He ---- late tonight, we'll wait for him. A) could have arrived B) should arrive C) may arrive 35. Claire was very upset you didn't go to her birthday party. You ----. A) might have gone B) should have gone C) would go 36. You ---- to overtake him if you want to win the race. A) must try B) could have tried C) may have tried 37. My boss ---- meet with us tomorrow. He will be away all day. A) isn t able to B) wasn't able to C) won't be able to 38. She ---- finish the homework last night. A) needn t B) couldn't C) shouldn t 39. You ---- shouted at him. He'll never forgive you. A) might have shouted B) shouldn't have shouted C) can't shout 40. He ---- bought a new car. He doesn't have any money. A) might have bought B) must buy C) can't have bought 41. Bob usually drives his car to work, but today he got on the bus. Something ---- wrong with his car. A) should have been B) must be C) could have been 42. Do you think Carol ---- save her money or spend it? She is planning to go to Europe this summer. A) might B) should C) have to 43. I had to wait 45 minutes for a bus yesterday. There ---- an accident or maybe a strike. A) must be B) might have been C) can't have been 44. You just ate five large slices of pizza, two pieces of chocolate cake and some ice cream. You ---- still be hungry. A) can't B) mustn t C) ought not to be 45. He ---- it was your birthday. Otherwise, I'm sure he would have wished you a happy day. A) must have known B) couldn t know C) can't have known 70

46. I ---- you. Could you please speak louder? A) can't have heard B) can t C) couldn t have heard 47. When Vera was young, she ---- type quickly. She took a typing class and now she ---- type very quickly! A) could not / can to B) can / could C) could not / can 48. Glen's wife is Japanese. There is a picture of a Japanese woman on his desk. That ---- his wife. A) might have been B) could have been C) must be 49. Andrew did no revision for the exam but he's passed. I think he ---- cheated. A) can't cheat B) must have cheated C) shouldn't have cheated 50. You ---- to fix the roof yourself. You might have fallen off and been badly injured. A) can't have tried B) must try C) shouldn't have tried 51. My doctor feels that I ---- more because I'm out of shape and want to lose weight. I think he's right. A) could have exercised B) had to exercise C) ought to exercise 52. Clara was very upset with you yesterday. You ---- for saying she was lazy. A) should have apologised B) must have apologised C) can't have apologised 53. Doctor, I need help! My baby cries all the time! What ----? A) must I do B) may I do C) should I do 54. I wonder why Mary and Fred are late. They ---- how to get here. A) may have not known B) shouldn t have known C) might not know 55. Peter ---- swim when he was a child, but now he ----. In fact, he swims every day! A) couldn't / can't B) could / can't C) couldn't / can 56. When you play tennis, you ---- watch the ball. A) should have watched B) could have watched C) should watch 57. David loves fast food, but he ---- too much or he will get fat. A) should not eat B) may not eat C) don t have to eat 58. He ---- since his car was stolen. A) has had to walk B) can walk C) should have walked 59. She ---- have changed her mind. I'm not sure. A) might B) should C) would 60. Tom's teacher says that he ---- play the violin pretty well in half a year. A) will be able to B) has to C) should 71

61. They ---- away for the weekend but I'm not sure. A) can be B) may have been C) could have been 62. I watched a great movie last night, I think you ---- see it, too. A) have to B) had better C) should 63. He ---- by now. It's only a 20 minute journey. A) can't have arrived B) shouldn't arrive C) must have arrived 64. New drivers ---- a test in order to get a driver's license. They have no choice. A) must take B) could have taken C) must have taken 65. Sarah ---- been so happy when she found out she was being promoted. A) must have been B) can't have been C) would have been 66. She ---- things from shops. She's rich and famous. A) couldn t have stolen B) can't steal C) may not have stolen 67. We ---- to the party. We're going to a wedding. A) mustn t have gone B) couldn't go C) won't be able to go 68. There's no heating on now. You ---- freezing. A) must be B) must have been C) could have been 69. You ---- go to the shop. I've already bought the milk. A) need B) should C) needn't 70. If you want to pass all your exams, you ---- to make a good study plan. A) need B) should C) needn't 71. John has forgotten about the meeting. We ---- him about it yesterday. A) must remind B) should have reminded C) may remind 72. The boss is in a terrible mood. The meeting ---- good. A) can't have been B) must have been C) will be 73. She ---- really hard. She passed all her exams with excellent grades. A) must have studied B) should have studied C) might study 74. I'm sorry but Samantha isn't here. She -- -- already left the office. A) should have B) must have C) can't have 75. The concert was fantastic. You really --- - come. A) can't have B) must C) should have 72

SIMPLE TENSES [passive] simple past simple present simple future affirmative was V 3 were V 3 am V 3 is V 3 are V 3 will be V 3 yaptı yapar yapacak negative wasn t V 3 weren t V 3 am not V 3 isn t V 3 aren t V 3 won t be V 3 yapılmadı yapılmaz yapılmayacak was studied were studied am studied is studied are studied will be studied çalışıldı çalışılır çalışılacak wasn t studied weren t studied am not studied isn t studied aren t studied won t be studied example çalışılmadı çalışılmaz çalışılmayacak was washed were washed am washed is washed are washed will be washed yıkandı yıkanır yıkanacak wasn t washed weren t washed am not washed isn t washed aren t washed won t be washed yıkanmadı yıkanmaz yıkanmayacak 73

SIMPLE CONTINUOUS TENSES [passive] simple past continuous simple present continuous simple future continuous affirmative was being V 3 were being V 3 yapılıyordu am being V 3 is being V 3 are being V 3 yapılıyor negative wasn t being V 3 weren t being V 3 yapılmıyordu am not being V 3 isn t being V 3 aren t being V 3 yapılmıyor was being studied were being studied çalışılıyordu wasn t being studied weren t being studied am being studied is being studied are being studied çalışılıyor am not being studied isn t being studied aren t being studied passive halde kullanımı yoktur example çalışılmıyordu was being washed were being washed yıkanıyordu wasn t being washed weren t being washed yıkanmıyordu çalışılmıyor am washed is washed are washed yıkanıyor am not being washed isn t being washed aren t being washed yıkanmaz 74

PERFECT TENSES [passive] past perfect present perfect future perfect affirmative had been V 3 have been V 3 has been V 3 will have been V 3 yapılmış durumdaydı yapılmış durumda yapılmış durumda olacak negative hadn t been V 3 yapılmamış durumdaydı haven t been V 3 hasn t been V 3 yapılmamış durumda won t have been V 3 yapılmamış durumda olacak had been studied have been studied has been studied will have been studied çalışılmış durumdaydı çalışılmış durumda çalışılmış durumda olacak hadn t been studied haven t been studied hasn t been studied won t have been studied example çalışılmamış durumdaydı çalışılmamış durumda çalışılmamış durumda olacak had been washed have been washed has been washed will have been washed yıkanmış durumdaydı yıkanmış durumda yıkanmış durumda olacak hadn t been washed haven t been washed hasn t been washed won t have been washed yıkanmamış durumdaydı yıkanmamış durumda yıkanmamış durumda olacak PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES [passive] past perfect continuous present perfect continuous future perfect continuous passive halde kullanımları yoktur 75

Instruction: write active or passive 1. The blue car is sold. ( ) 2. On Fridays, the team hits balls all afternoon. ( ) 3. In summer, more ice-cream is eaten than in winter. ( ) 4. He sells cars. ( ) 5. She calls her grandparents every Friday. ( ) 6. The letters are typed. ( ) 7. He takes his medicine every day. ( ) 8. Mel's cat often scratches the furniture in the living room. ( ) 9. Jane is not taken to school by her father. ( ) 10. We go to school by bus. ( ) 11. She does not work for a bank. ( ) 12. Milk is kept in the refrigerator. ( ) 13. They visited their granny. ( ) 14. We were visited by our teacher. ( ) 15. My friend Paul was born in Dallas. ( ) 16. She went to school in Boston. ( ) 17. Antony grew up in the country. ( ) 18. The new shopping centre was built last year. ( ) 19. With a microscope, a person can see the cells in a piece of hair. ( ) 20. The film was not produced in Hollywood. ( ) 21. Barbara knew James very well. ( ) 22. The jewels were not hidden in the cellar. ( ) 23. We did not spend all day on the beach. ( ) 24. The car has been stolen. ( ) 25. I have baked a cake. ( ) 26. We must put an end to this quarrel. ( ) 27. You shouldn t make fun of the poor. ( ) 28. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it s too late. ( ) 29. Patricia might be chosen to represent our school in Junior Parliament. ( ) 76

30. Many animal species could be saved if humans weren't so selfish. ( ) 31. You ought to clean the desk. ( ) 32. They could have kicked her out of the restaurant. ( ) 33. The injured man couldn t walk and had to be carried. ( ) 34. The lessons should be reviewed before the test. ( ) 35. You can obtain further information from the nearest post office. ( ) 36. This building must be restored or it ll collapse. ( ) 37. You should wear winter clothes to visit the state of Michigan in December because the weather is so cold. ( ) 38. Employees must be paid on the last day of the month. ( ) 39. New galaxies will be found by new scientific instruments. ( ) 40. You must not drive faster than 70 miles per hour on the highway in Michigan. It's the law. ( ) 41. Obesity can be cured, but diets mustn t be disrespected. ( ) 42. They can t repair our car. ( ) 43. You may not see cars on Mackinac Island in Michigan. ( ) 44. Sugary food shouldn t be eaten by very young children. ( ) 45. The keys must have been left behind. ( ) 46. This morning the burglar was arrested by the police. ( ) 47. The national anthem is being sung by Jason this time. ( ) 48. The author has written a special edition for children. ( ) 49. The gardener has planted some trees. ( ) 50. Doctor Brown will give you some advice. ( ) 51. Before Columbus got to America, potatoes weren t grown in Europe. ( )( ) 52. Last year, more than 3 billion were spent in Indian restaurants in England. ( ) 53. Smoking isn t allowed in public facilities. ( ) 54. Bananas were only brought to the British markets in the 20th century. ( ) 55. Is fast food sold in Portuguese schools? ( ) 56. Tomatoes were once thought to be poisonous by the Italians. ( ) 57. Nowadays, children are taught to eat healthily at school. ( ) 77

58. Many years ago, fried fish was made popular in the UK by the Portuguese. ( ) 59. In the USA, obesity is considered a serious health problem. ( ) 60. We should have informed the police. ( ) 61. His enjoyment was envied by everyone. ( ) 62. Selena has bought a catfish to help keep the tank clean. ( ) 63. Nicole will babysit your pet iguana for a reasonable fee. ( ) 64. John must remember his wife's birthday this year. ( ) 65. A lie had been told to me by him. ( ) 66. They are offering you another chance. ( ) 67. The waiter brought us the menu card. ( ) 68. A message has been sent to her by the office. ( ) 69. I have taught the class the first lesson. ( ) 70. The fire was put out by the fire-brigade. ( ) 71. A factory will be set up by the government. ( ) 72. This lesson may not be accepted by him. ( ) 73. They might have studied their lessons. ( ) 74. A message was sent to him by the government. ( ) 75. We have produced skis here since 1964. ( ) 76. The announcements have been made by the doctors over the loudspeakers. ( ) 77. He was forced to steal the money out of his dad s room. ( ) 78. The book was written by an unknown author. ( ) 79. She was stung by a jellyfish while she was swimming. ( ) 80. She showed her relatives the new house. ( ) 81. The woman s teeth are being cleaned by the dentist. ( ) 82. The guide will show us the Natural History Museum in the afternoon. ( ) 83. The criminals were locked up by the police. ( ) 84. Acupuncture was discovered by the Chinese thousands of years ago. ( ) 85. The delegation will meet the visitors at the airport. ( ) 86. Preparations had been finished by the time the guests arrived. ( ) 87. His parents were called to the office by the headmaster. ( ) 78

88. Many people begin new projects in January. ( ) 89. The final game will be seen by millions of fans tomorrow. ( ) 90. The computers are being used right now by the students. ( ) 91. Someone reads the newspaper to him every day. ( ) 92. The publishers are reading the book. ( ) 93. The window pane has been broken by the dog. ( ) 94. The food is going to be prepared by mum. ( ) 95. The double bacon cheeseburger was being devoured by Frank. ( ) 96. The city disposes of waste materials in a variety of ways. ( ) 97. A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words. ( ) 98. The grandmother was telling her grandchildren an interesting story. ( ) 99. We are looking at the game. ( ) 100. The rules must be obeyed by everybody. ( ) Instruction: write the active or passive form of the following sentences 1. The reports were handed in by the students. 2. A movie is going to be watched by us tonight. 3. Did the police officer catch the thief? 4. Kerrie has paid the bill. 5. Millions of people will visit the museum. 6. Will the company employ a new worker? 7. Henry Ford invented the assembly line. 8. The librarian read the book to the students. 79

9. We ought to have called the police at once after the accident. 10. The president was elected by the people. 11. A safety video will be watched by the staff every year. 12. The traffic might have delayed Jimmy. 13. The boy must have broken the windows. 14. Instructions will be given to you by the director. 15. Venice is facing environmental disaster. 16. Nitrogen oxide causes smog and acid rain. 17. The whole suburb was destroyed by the forest fire. 18. The students questions are always answered by the teacher. 19. Every night the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew. 20. The research produced promising results. 21. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1906. 22. Fourteen soldiers were given awards by the commanding officer. 23. The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes. 24. The long journey exhausted the children. 25. Fertilizers prevent the loss of minerals. 80

26. The search will be stopped because of the storm. 27. Money was generously donated to the homeless shelter by Larry. 28. Liz gave me a lot of support. 29. Right now, Sam is writing the letter. 30. In due time everyone will be told about the program by the director. 31. All the reservations will be made by the wedding planner. 32. John repaired the car. 33. The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. 34. Many tourists have visited that tower. 35. George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. 36. Sally is going to make a beautiful cake tonight. 37. The treaty is being signed by the two kings. 38. At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. 39. Jerry used to pay the bills. 40. He will have completed the project before The flat tire was changed by Sue. 41. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 42. Sugar cane is raised by some people in Hawaii. 81

43. One type of air pollution is caused by hydrocarbons. 44. The Grand Canyon is viewed by thousands of tourists every year. 45. The metal beams were eventually corroded by the saltwater. 46. The mountains were covered with snow. 47. Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. 48. The house was remodelled by the homeowners to help it sell. 49. The victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow. 50. The old lady was bitten by the dog. 82

GERUND & INFINITIVE LIST GERUND INFINITIVE active passive active passive simple V ing being V 3 to V 1 to be V 3 continuous N/A N/A to be V ing N/A perfect having V 3 having been V 3 to have V 3 to have been V 3 perfect continuous having been V ing N/A to have been V ing N/A 1. Dan enjoys ---- science fiction. A) reading B) to read C) read 2. Cheryl suggested ---- a movie after work. A) to see B) seeing C) see 3. Where did you learn ---- Spanish? Was it in Spain or in Latin America? A) to speak B) speaking C) speak 4. Do you mind ---- me translate this letter? A) help B) to help C) helping 5. He asked ---- to the store manager. A) to talk B) talk C) talking 6. You've never mentioned ---- in Japan before. How long did you live there? A) live B) living C) to live 7. If he keeps ---- to work late, he's going to get fired! A) to come B) come C) coming 8. Debbie plans ---- abroad next year. A) to study B) studying C) study 9. I agreed ---- Jack wash his car. A) helping B) help C) to help 10. I hope ---- from college next June. A) to graduate B) graduating C) graduate 83

11. The models practiced ---- with a book balanced on their heads. A) walk B) walking C) to walk 12. Mandy has promised ---- care of our dog while we are on vacation. A) to take B) taking C) take 13. Mr. Edwards chose ---- the management position in Chicago rather than the position in Miami. A) accepting B) accept C) to accept 14. I don't know what she wants ---- tonight. Why don't you ask her? A) to go B) doing C) do 15. Frank offered ---- us paint the house. A) helping B) help C) to help 16. Sandra decided ---- economics in London. A) to study B) studying C) study 17. Witnesses reported ---- the bank robber as he was climbing out of the secondstory window. A) see B) seeing C) to see 18. Stephanie dislikes ---- in front of a computer all day. A) working B) work C) to work 19. Mrs. Naidoo appears ---- the most qualified person for the job. A) be B) being C) to be 20. Eliza recommended ---- in a dim sum restaurant while we're in Hong Kong. A) to eat B) eating C) eat 21. I demand ---- to the manager of the hotel immediately. A) talk B) talking C) to talk 22. My grandmother recalled ---- a plane for the very first time when she was six. A) seeing B) see C) to see 23. She claims ---- related to George Washington, but I don't believe her. A) to be B) being C) be 24. This broken bicycle needs ---- before someone can ride it. A) fix B) to fix C) fixing 84

25. I can't understand ---- such a big car when gas prices are so high, not to mention what it does to the environment. A) drive B) driving C) to drive 26. She refused ---- to me after our fight. A) to speak B) speaking C) speak 27. The wilderness adventure course lasts ten days and involves ---- more than fifty miles through rugged mountainous terrain. A) hiking B) hike C) to hike 28. Don't hesitate ---- for help if you don't understand the directions. A) to ask B) ask C) asking 29. She managed ---- with them, even though she didn't speak their language. A) communicating B) communicate C) to communicate 30. She pretended ---- a student in order to get a student discount. A) be B) to be C) being 31. She waited ---- what would happen next. A) seeing B) see C) to see 32. The child denied ---- the piece of candy. A) to steal B) stealing C) steal 33. We fully intend ---- you for all the work you have done for us. A) to pay B) paying C) pay 34. You seem ---- a little distracted. Is everything alright? A) being B) to be C) be 35. Laura and Ed discussed ---- to the city to find work; however, in the end, they decided against relocating. A) moving B) move C) to move 36. She refused ---- that she had made a mistake. A) admitting B) to admit C) admit 37. After his accident last year, he would never consider ---- another motorcycle. A) buy B) to buy C) buying 38. Margaret just happened ---- the lost car keys while she was looking for something else. A) to find B) find C) finding 85

39. He never admitted ---- the wild party while his parents were out of town. A) having B) have C) to have 40. Jackie tends ---- late on Mondays, but our boss doesn't seem to care about that very much. A) arrive B) to arrive C) arriving 41. The winner of the local competition gets ---- in a national competition in Washington D.C. A) to participate B) participate C) participating 42. We don't anticipate ---- any more technical problems during the concert tour. A) have B) to have C) having 43. Debbie failed ---- her credit card lying on the ground. A) notice B) to notice C) noticing 44. The politician swore ---- the people honestly and with pride, but the scandal revealed that the promise was little more than a lie. A) to serve B) serve C) serving 45. Mr. Shinohara recollected ---- with his father on his family's fishing boat when he was a young child. A) work B) working C) to work 46. The medical team deserves ---- the award for their volunteer work in sub- Saharan Africa. A) receiving B) to receive C) receive 47. I really appreciate ---- the opportunity to take part in this project and to work with such an excellent team. A) having B) have C) to have 48. She delayed ---- her application until just one week before the deadline. A) to submit B) submitting C) submit 49. Everybody arranged ---- at the train station 30 minutes before the train departed. A) meeting B) meet C) to meet 50. Simona resisted ---- Italian during her English training program in London. She wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to improve her English. A) speak B) speaking C) to speak 86

51. Do you care ---- us later for dinner? We are meeting at Tony's Italian Restaurant downtown. A) join B) to join C) joining 52. We waited ---- what would happen next, but nothing happened. A) seeing B) see C) to see 53. Julius vowed ---- to his home country once again to see the village where he and his family had lived before the war. A) to return B) returning C) return 54. Diana yearns ---- to far off, exotic destinations. A) travel B) to travel C) traveling 55. When she got through ---- her book, she laid it on the table next to the bed and went to sleep. A) reading B) read C) to read 56. They expected ---- much earlier, but their plane was delayed in Paris. A) to arrive B) arrive C) arriving 57. Michael postponed ---- the bathroom as long as possible. He hates cleaning! A) clean B) cleaning C) to clean 58. How can you defend ---- such terrible things to him? A) saying B) say C) to say 59. Bill agreed ---- us at the restaurant at 8:30, but he never showed up. A) meeting B) to meet C) meet 60. Jennifer practiced ---- the word until she sounded just like a native speaker. A) pronouncing B) pronounce C) to pronounce 61. Our art teacher encouraged ---- with different colors. A) experiment B) to experiment C) experimenting 62. Dana hopes ---- enough money to travel around Europe for three months. It's her dream. A) to save B) save C) saving 63. ---- is her life. That is why Susan moved to New York to study dancing professionally. A) Dancing B) To dance C) Dance 64. Constance plans ---- part in the marathon next spring. A) to take B) taking C) take 87

65. I can't help ---- how my grandmother's life would have been different if she had been able to go to college. A) to wonder B) wondering C) wonder 66. The doctor advised ---- a specialist about the problem. A) seeing B) see C) to see 67. ---- helped me strengthen my injured leg. A) Swimming B) Swim C) To swim 68. After the tsunami, Bette chose ---- in Indonesia and work with a relief organization. A) to stay B) saying C) say 69. Do you wish ----, or would you like to stop now? A) continuing B) continue C) to continue 70. His car needs ----. It looks like it hasn't been washed in years. A) washing B) to wash C) wash 71. Smokers risk ---- several smoking related illnesses. A) get B) getting C) to get 72. The astronomer told us ---- into the sun during the eclipse. A) looking B) not look C) not to look 73. I wish she would just quit ---- all the time. A) to complain B) complaining C) complain 74. She resisted ---- advice from her coworkers. A) taking B) take C) to take 75. He threatened ---- forever. A) leave B) leaving C) to leave 76. After he finished ---- the show, he turned off the TV and went to bed. A) to watch B) watching C) watch 77. She neglected ---- all the facts. A) mentioning B) mention C) to mention 78. I remember ---- up at 4:30 AM to make it to work on time. A) getting B) get C) to get 79. Sheryl forgot ---- her purse, so I lent her ten dollars. A) to bring B) bring C) bringing 88

80. I completely forgot ---- here when I was a kid. But now I remember! My parents brought me here when I was three. A) come B) coming C) to come 81. Lydia really regrets ---- out of high school. She has really had to struggle to make a living because of that decision. A) drop B) to drop C) dropping 82. I regret ---- you that Mr. Smith has passed away. A) to inform B) inform C) informing 83. Do you remember ---- stuck in that elevator when we were in New York? I thought we would never get out of there! A) be B) being C) to be 84. She tried ---- him the terrible truth, but she just couldn't bring herself to do it. A) to tell B) telling C) tell 85. I dread ---- of what might happen next. A) think B) to think C) thinking 86. Neil is starting ---- Japanese. A) to learn B) learn C) learning 87. Samantha loves ---- in New York. She has been living there all her life. A) live B) living C) to live 88. I would love ---- in London, but it is too expensive. A) to live B) live C) living 89. Fred is continuing ---- karate lessons even though he broke his hand. A) taking B) to take C) take 90. Paul sat on a hill ---- the mother bear and her cubs until they disappeared into the forest. A) watching B) watch C) to watch 91. I took the course ---- more about Asian history. A) learning B) to learn C) learn 92. His plan ---- from New York to Los Angeles seemed crazy, but he actually did it! A) to walk B) walk C) walking 93. We had a great time ---- from San Diego to Catalina. A) sailing B) sail C) to sail 89

94. The runner was too exhausted ---- the marathon. A) finish B) finishing C) to finish 95. Nancy loves ---- at the Museum of Modern Art. She would never want to work anywhere else. A) work B) working C) to work 96. I completely forgot ---- you my electronic dictionary. I thought I had lost it. A) lending B) to lend C) lend 98. We spent the whole day ---- in the train station waiting for the overdue train to arrive. A) sitting B) sit C) to sit 99. I think I am beginning ---- this grammar. A) understanding B) to understand C) understand 100. He'll never forget ---- the Rolling Stones in concert! A) seeing B) see C) to see 97. Mickey is determined ---- the spelling bee at school. He has been studying for weeks. A) winning B) win C) to win 90

List of Prepositions no preposition TR usage example 1 2 3 4 5 of -ın -in noun phrase of sessiz noun phrase Of all arasında among (be) of -e sahip having in -de -deki place in -de -deki time in -de -deki field in açısından in terms of in içerisinden time period in -e -a into at -de -deki place at -de -deki time at -e -a direction on -de -deki place on sessiz days on upon -den sonra -ın üzerine on üzerine about over üzerinden place after when over üzerinde more than over içerisinde time the author of the book kitabın yazarı the faculty of education eğitim fakültesi Of all the films I have watched izlediğim tüm filmler arasında It is of vital importance. O, hayati öneme sahiptir. people in Eskişehir Eskişehir de(ki) insanlar people in Middle Ages Orta Çağ da(ki) insanlar advances in medicine Tıptaki ilerlemeler rich in vitamin vitamin açısından zengin in just two days sadece iki gün içerisinde get in the car! Arabaya bin. students at university Üniversitede(ki) öğrenciler the meeting at 7 o clock Saat 7 de(ki) toplantı don t look at me like that bana öyle bakma the cat on the sofa kanepede(ki) kedi the meeting on Monday Pazartesi toplantı Upon / On his wife s death Karısının ölümü üzerine a book on pregnancy Hamilelik üzerine bir kitap to jump over the wall Duvarın üzerinden zıplamak over 100 people 100 den fazla insan over centuries yüzyıllar içerisinde 91

no preposition TR usage example 6 under altında place abstract under altında less than 7 above üzerinde level place 8 below altında level place 9 beneath altında below 10 underneath altında below 11 12 13 14 by by -ın tarafından -nca -e kadar -e gelindiğinde cause (passive) no later than by + Ving -erek -arak method by ile method with ile (birlikte) company with without -e sahip -lı -li -sız siz olmasaydı having not having without + Ving -meden method through içinden place time through ile vasıtasıyla using 15 inside içerisinde place 16 17 within içerisinde place within içerisinde time to -e -a direction to + V1 -mek -mek için to için for infinitive organisms under water su altındaki organizmalar under 100 people 100 ün altında insan above the sea level deniz seviyesinin üzerinde below sea level deniz seviyesinin altında beneath the leaves yaprakların altında underneath the carpet halının altında a book by George Orwell George Orwell tarafından bir kitap be back by Friday Cumaya kadar geri dönmek to lose weight by exercising daily günlük egzersiz yaparak kilo vermek to travel by plane/air uçakla/hava yoluyla seyahat etmek to live with her parents ailesi ile birlikte yaşamak a country with a population of over 70 million people 70 milyonun üzerinde bir nüfusu olan bir ülke to look nice without make-up makyajsız güzel görünmek without taking a break mola vermeden to go through the forest ormanın içinden geçmek through advertising reklam aracılığıyla inside the box kutunun içerisinde within the EU borders AB sınırları içerisinde within two weeks iki hafta içerisinde to walk to the station istasyona yürümek to be or not to be olmak ya da olmamak essential to healthy lifestyle sağlıklı yaşam için gerekli 92

no preposition TR usage example 18 towards -e doğru direction 19 into -e -a içine direction 20 onto -e -a üstüne direction 21 22 for için purpose for -dır -dir -lığına boyunca time period from -den -dan place time from to -den -e place time from on onwards 23 during 24 25 -den itibaren -de -da esnasında time time throughout boyunca time throughout her yerinde place about -ın hakkında with regard to about yaklaşık approximately about to V1 -mek üzere intending 26 regarding ile ilgili about 27 concerning ile ilgili about 28 against -e karşı opposing 29 around etrafında direction around yaklaşık approximately 30 along boyunca direction 32 as olarak quality towards the end of the film filmin sonuna doğru to dive into sea denize dalmak to step onto land karaya çıkmak a present for you senin için bir hediye for two years iki yıldır, iki yıllığına people from Europe Avrupa dan insanlar from Monday to Friday Pazartesiden Cumaya from January on onwards Ocaktan itibaren during pregnancy Hamilelikte throughout the summer yaz boyunca throughout the world dünyanın her yerinde to talk about his son all the time sürekli oğlu hakkında konuşmak about 100 people yaklaşık 100 kişi about to die ölmek üzere regarding government policies hükümet politikaları ile ilgili concerning government policies hükümet politikaları ile ilgili to protect against harmful organisms zararlı organizmalara karşı korumak to revolve around the sun güneşin etrafında dönmek around 100 people yaklaşık 100 kişi along the coast sahil boyunca as your mother annen olarak 93

no preposition TR usage example 33 like gibi similar to 34 unlike -ın aksine not similar to 35 away from -den uzak somewhere else 36 out of -den -den dışarı no longer in out of -den -dan because of out of -den -dan made from 37 outside dışarısında not in 38 than -den -dan comparative 39 near -ın yanında place 40 between arasında space 41 among amongst arasında içinde 42 next to bitişiğinde place 43 behind arkasında place 44 in front of önünde place surrounded as a group 45 beyond -ın ötesinde further away 46 via üzerinden aracılığıyla through using 47 per her each 48 beside yanında place 49 opposite karşısında facing 50 off -den uzak kapalı 51 across karşıdan karşıya away from stopped from one side to the other to look like her mother annesi gibi görünmek unlike any other animal diğer hayvanların aksine away from her family ailesinden uzak out of danger tehlike dışında out of happiness mutluluktan made out of velvet kadifeden yapılan outside his room odasının dışında taller than his father babasından uzun near the train station garın yanında a journey between Istanbul and Ankara İstanbul-Ankara arasında bir yolculuk among the crowd kalabalığın içerisinde/ arasında next to the train station garın bitişiğinde behind the building binanın arkasında in front of the building binanın önünde beyond the hills tepenin ötesinde to go to Rome via Istanbul İstanbul üzerinden Roma ya gitmek 20$ per person her kişiye 20$ to sit beside her onun yanına oturmak to live opposite the hospital hastanenin karşısında yaşamak off the coast of Hawaii Hawaii açıklarında across the river nehrin karşısında 94

no preposition TR usage example 52 after -den sonra later than 53 before -den önce earlier than 54 until till -e kadar time distance 55 since -den beri until now 56 as of -den itibaren starting from 57 following -den sonra -I takiben after after his father s death babasının ölümünden sonra before his son s birth oğlunun doğumundan önce until the end of 19 th century 19. yy ın sonuna kadar since April Nisandan beri as of June Temmuzdan itibaren following the nationwide protests ulus çapındaki protestolardan sonra Prepositions of Place 1. We have DSL Internet access ---- work, but I don't have a high-speed connection ---- home. A) in / at B) at / at / in 2. The kids are learning about the Civil War ---- their history class ---- school. A) in / on B) in / at / at 3. Toby was ---- the hospital for two weeks after his motorcycle accident ---- the freeway. A) in / on B) at / in / at 4. Jane and Debbie saw dolphins ---- the ocean while they were having a picnic -- -- the beach. A) at / in B) in / on C) in / at 5. Fred loves to go camping ---- the desert, but Kyle prefers to camp ---- the mountains. A) in / in B) on / in / in 6. The wine is ---- the bottle A) in B) on 7. Pass me the dictionary, it's ---- the bookshelf. A) in B) at C) on 8. Jennifer is ---- work. A) at B) on C) in 9. Berlin is ---- Germany. A) in B) at C) on 95

10. You have something ---- your face. A) on B) at C) in 11. Turn left ---- the traffic lights. A) at B) on C) in 12. She was listening to classical music ---- the radio. A) in B) on 13. He has a house ---- the river. A) on B) at C) in 14. The answer is ---- the bottom of the page. A) at B) in C) on 15. Julie will be ---- the plane now. A) at B) on C) in 16. There are a lot of magnets ---- the fridge. A) in B) at C) on 17. She lives ---- London. A) at B) in C) on 18. John is ---- a taxi. He's coming. A) in B) at C) on 19. I'll meet you ---- the airport. A) in B) at C) on 20. She stood ---- the window and looked out. A) at B) in C) on 21. The cat is ---- the house somewhere. A) on B) in 22. Why you calling so late? I m already ---- bed. A) in B) at C) on 23. I waited for Lucy ---- the station. A) on B) at C) in 24. There was a picture of flowers ----her T- shirt. A) on B) in 25. She has a house ---- Japan. A) at B) in C) on 26. He s swimming ---- the river. A) at B) on C) in 27. Where s Julie? She s ---- school. A) in B) at C) on 96

28. The plant is ---- the table. A) on B) in 29. There is a spider ---- the bath. A) on B) at C) in 30. Please put those apples ---- the bowl. A) at B) in C) on 31. Frank is ---- holiday for three weeks. A) on B) in 32. There are two pockets ---- this bag. A) in B) on 33. I read the story ---- the newspaper. A) in B) at C) on 34. The cat is sitting ---- the chair. A) in B) on 35. Lucy was standing ---- the bus stop. A) at B) on C) in 36. I'll meet you ---- the cinema. A) in B) at C) on 37. She hung a picture ---- the wall. A) in B) on 38. John is ---- the garden. A) in B) at C) on 39. There's nothing ---- TV tonight. A) at B) in C) on 40. I stayed ---- home all weekend. A) in B) at C) on 41. When I called Lucy, she was ---- the bus. A) on B) in 42. There was a spider ---- the ceiling. A) in B) on 43. Unfortunately, Mrs Brown is ---- hospital. A) in B) on 44. Don't sit ---- the table, sit ---- a chair. A) on / at B) on / on C) in / in 45. There are four cushions ---- the sofa. A) on B) in 97

46. I had lots of posters ---- the wall of my bedroom when I was a teenager. A) on B) in 47. I usually walk ---- work everyday. It keeps me fit. A) to B) for 48. I think I put the milk ---- the fridge. Can you see it? A) at B) to C) in 49. If you feel ill, perhaps you should stay -- -- home tomorrow. A) in B) at C) to 50. The train arrived ---- the station twenty minutes late. A) for B) to 51. The plane had to return ---- the airport because of the storm. It was too dangerous to continue. A) in B) to 52. Sheila is coming back ---- holiday tomorrow. A) from B) in C) to 53. There was an accident last night ---- the end of our street. A) in B) on 54. When the weather is nice we normally sit ---- the garden. A) at B) on C) in 55. Put the books back ---- the shelf after the class, please. A) in B) on 56. I lost my money somewhere ---- the hotel and the beach. A) between B) from C) into 57. ---- the picture, I can see a woman. A) on B) in 58. The woman is sitting ---- a table. A) at B) on C) in 59. She is sitting ---- a chair. A) in B) on 60. There is another chair ---- the woman. A) on B) to C) opposite 61. Her feet are ---- the table A) in B) under 62. The woman is holding a cup ---- her hands. A) at B) to C) in 98

63. ---- the table are a laptop, a paper, a calculator, an appointment calendar, two pens and a muffin. A) on B) in 64. The woman is looking ---- her laptop. A) in B) at C) on 65. The woman's bag is ---- the table. A) out of B) under C) between 66. A couple is sitting ---- the table. A) on B) at C) in 67. They are sitting ---- chairs. A) at B) on C) in 68. The drinks are ---- the table. A) on B) in 69. One woman is standing ---- the table. A) in B) up C) in front of 70. ---- her is a man who is barbecuing. A) Behind B) On C) In 71. The girl is standing ---- the two boys. A) on B) between 72. The boy with the green shirt is ---- the right. A) in B) on 73. He has a gamboy ---- his hands. A) at B) on C) in 74. The kids are looking ---- his gameboy. A) at B) on C) in 75. Santa is sitting ---- a chair. A) in B) on 76. The girl is standing ---- Santa. A) over B) next to C) between 77. Santa and the girl are looking ---- each other. A) in B) at C) on 78. The girl has a present ---- her hands. A) in B) on 79. ---- the girl, there is a Christmas tree. A) On B) At C) Behind 80. There are more presents ---- the tree. A) for B) under C) from 99

81. Santa's big bag is lying ---- the floor. A) at B) on C) in 82. Would you like to go ---- the cinema tonight? A) in B) at C) to D) on 83. No, thanks. I was ---- the cinema yesterday. A) at B) in 84. We are going ---- holiday next week. A) in B) on 85. There is a bridge ---- the river. A) from B) across C) with 86. The flight ---- Leipzig ---- London was via Frankfurt. A) at / in B) from / to C) of / by 87. ---- my wall, there are many picture postcards. A) in B) on 88. Who is the person ---- this picture? A) in B) on 89. Munich lies 530 meters ---- sea level. A) at B) on C) above 90. I always keep some extra money ---- my bag in case of emergencies. A) at B) in C) on 91. I'll read it tonight ---- home. A) in B) on 92. Do you live ---- a house or an apartment? A) at B) on C) in 93. Did you learn English ---- Malta? A) in B) on 94. She grew up ---- a farm. A) at B) in C) on 95. I read about it ---- the newspaper. A) in B) on 96. He went for a swim ---- the river. A) at B) in C) on 97. The dog's sleeping ---- the carpet. A) at B) in C) on 98. The information is ---- the top of the page. A) at B) on C) in 100

99. Were you ---- the party too? A) on B) in 100. Did you learn something ---- school? A) at B) in C) on Prepositions of Time 1. My lesson starts ---- five o clock. A) at B) on C) in 2. My father usually buys a newspaper ---- the morning. A) on B) at C) in 3. My father usually buys a newspaper ---- the morning. A) in B) on 4. We get presents ---- Christmas. A) in B) at C) on 5. I usually visit my grandparents ---- Sunday afternoon. A) on B) in 6. John s birthday is ---- August 16th. A) in B) at C) on 7. The film finishes ---- 9:30. A) on B) in 8. The supermarket is closed ---- Sunday. A) in B) on 9. Peter is playing tennis ---- Sunday. A) at B) on C) in 10. My brother's birthday is ---- the 5th of November. A) on B) at C) In 11. My birthday is ---- May. A) at B) in C) on 12. We are going to see my parents ---- the weekend. A) at B) on C) In 13. ----1666, a great fire broke out in London. A) at B) in C) on 14. I don't like walking alone in the streets - --- night. A) at B) in C) on 15. What are you doing ---- the afternoon? A) on B) in 101

16. My friend has been living in Canada ---- two years. A) for B) in 17. I will have finished this essay ---- Friday. A) at B) by C) in 18. What are you doing ---- the weekend? A) on B) at C) in 19. I don't know yet. Maybe I'll go to the cinema ---- Saturday. A) on B) in 20. That's interesting. I haven't been to the cinema ---- so many years. A) for B) from C) with 21. That would be great. But I would prefer to go there ---- the evening. I am visiting my grandma on Saturday. A) on B) in 22. That's okay. The film starts ---- eight o'clock. A) on B) at C) in 23. I can pick you up ---- half past seven. How long does the film last? A) at B) in C) on 24. It lasts ---- two hours and forty-five minutes. A) at B) by C) for 25. From eight till a quarter ---- eleven. A) to B) at C) for 26. That's right. But I must hurry home after the film. I have to be home ---- eleven o'clock. A) on B) by C) for 27. I wake up ---- 7.00. A) at B) in C) on 28. I sometimes work ---- Saturdays. A) in B) at C) on 29. I never work ---- the weekends. A) in B) at C) on 30. I see my family ---- Christmas. A) on B) in 31. I go on holiday ---- August. A) in B) on 32. I go to bed ----11 p.m. A) on B) at C) in 102

33. I watch TV ---- the evening. A) at B) on C) in 34. I do my English homework ---- night. A) on B) at C) in 35. I read the newspaper ---- the morning. A) at B) on C) in 36. I have lunch ---- 1.30 p.m. A) in B) at C) on 37. I always go out ---- Friday nights. A) on B) at C) in 38. I go to a restaurant ---- New Year's Eve. A) at B) in C) on 39. I start a new school year ---- September. A) at B) in C) on 40. I go skiing ---- the winter. A) in B) on 41. I was born ---- 1977. A) at B) in C) on 42. I get up late ---- Saturday mornings. A) at B) in C) on 43. I usually have a cup of coffee ---- the afternoons. A) at B) in C) on 44. My birthday is ---- July. A) on B) at C) in 45. The party is ---- the first of October. A) on B) in 46. We have a meeting ---- the first Thursday of the month. A) at B) on C) in 47. There was a loud noise which woke us up ---- midnight. A) on B) at C) in 48. Do you usually eat chocolate eggs ---- Easter? A) in B) on 49. What are you doing ---- the weekend? A) in B) at C) on 50. My father always reads the paper ---- breakfast time. A) at B) in C) on 103

51. She plays tennis ---- Fridays. A) on B) in 52. The trees here are really beautiful ---- the spring. A) on B) in 53. I'll see you ---- Tuesday afternoon then. A) on B) in 54. Shakespeare died ---- 1616. A) on B) in 55. In my hometown, the shops open early ---- the morning. A) in B) on 56. She met her husband ---- 1998. A) on B) in 57. We are meeting ---- Friday morning. A) on B) in 58. I often get sleepy ---- the afternoon. A) on B) at C) in 59. His daughter was born ---- the 24th of August. A) on B) in 60. Mobile phones became popular ---- the nineties. A) on B) in 61. Luckily the weather was perfect ---- her wedding day. A) on B) in 62. Lucy is arriving ----February the 13th --- -8 o'clock ---- the morning. A) in / on / at B) on / at / in C) on / at / at 63. The weather is often terrible in London ---- January. A) in B) on 64. It s better to get a taxi if you are out alone ---- night. A) on B) at C) in 65. She got married ---- September. A) in B) on 66. They usually go to the south of France - --- the summer. A) at B) in C) on 67. Columbus sailed to the Americas ---- the 16th century. A) in B) on 104

68. The Beatles were popular ---- the 1960s. A) at B) in C) on 69. I graduated from university ---- 2001. A) on B) at C) in 70. His birthday is ---- June. A) at B) in C) on 71. The train leaves tomorrow morning ---- 8:00 AM. A) at B) in C) on 72. I love going skiing ---- January. A) at B) in C) on 73. We met at the restaurant ---- 8 pm. A) in B) on 74. The class is at 9am ---- Monday mornings. A) at B) on C) in 75. I like to drink coffee ---- the morning and tea ---- the afternoon. A) at / in B) in / in / at 76. She left London ---- the 4th of March. A) on B) in 77. I had a party ---- my birthday. A) in B) on 78. Lucy went to New York ---- New Year. A) on B) in 79. He was born ---- 1991. A) at B) in C) on 80. It was sunny ---- my birthday. A) on B) at C) in 81. It will be ready ---- eight months. A) in B) on 82. What's on the TV ---- midnight. A) on B) at C) in 83. The factory closed ---- June. A) on B) in 84. ---- the winter, it usually snows. A) in B) on 85. ---- Friday, she spoke to me. A) at B) on C) in 105

86. I'll see you ---- a moment. A) at B) in C) on 87. The anniversary is ---- May 10th. A) on B) in 88. The movie starts ---- 20 minutes. A) at B) in C) on 89. ---- the moment, I'm busy. A) at B) in C) on 90. They were very popular ---- the 1980s. A) on B) in 91. My appointment is ---- Thursday morning. A) on B) in 92. Are you staying at home ---- Christmas Day. 95. The course begins ---- 7 January and ends ---- 10 March. A) on / on B) in / in / at 96. I went to bed ---- midnight. A) on B) at C) in 97. I met Ann ---- Tuesday. A) on B) in 98. I ll phone you ---- Tuesday morning ---- about 10. A) in / on B) on / at / at 99. Tom s grandmother died in 1987 ---- the age of 81. A) on B) in C) At 100. Are you doing anything special ---- the weekend? A) at B) on C) in A) in B) on 93. I have to speak to the boss ---- lunchtime. A) at B) in C) on 94. ---- 8 o'clock, I must leave. A) in B) at C) on 106

Mixed Preposition 1. Cenk lives ---- 810 İstiklal Street. A) from B) in C) for 2. The course begins ---- 8 June and ends ---- October. A) on / in B) from / to / by 3. Peter is ---- class 2 B. A) of B) in C) with 4. Peter goes to school ---- Monday ---- Friday. A) by / at B) during / on C) from / to 5. Students haven t got any lesson ---- the weekends. A) at B) from C) for 6. Sheila gets up ---- 6.30 every morning. A) on B) by 7. Mike and his family go for a walk ---- the evenings. A) in B) for C) by 8. Michael has got a lot of posters and picture ---- cars ---- the wall in his room. A) of / on B) in / over C) to / with 9. I go to school ---- bus, not ---- foot. A) in / of B) by / on C) with / for 10. I went to bed ---- midnight and got up --- - 10.00 in the morning. A) at / at B) in / in C) on / on 11. Mozart was born ---- Salzburg ---- 1756. A) in / at B) on / by C) of / in 12. There is a car ---- our house. A) between B) in front of C) across 13. Who is sitting ---- to you? A) with B) next C) near 14. There is a light ---- the table. A) above B) into C) onto 15. Hurry up! We are going to the cinema --- - five minutes. A) without B) with C) within 16. I haven t seen Ann for a few days. I last saw her ---- Tuesday. A) on B) for C) in 17. Jack s brother is an engineer but he s out of work ---- the moment. A) in B) on 107

18. I looked at the bookcase and saw an interesting story book ---- the top shelf. A) on B) above C) over 19. ---- sunny days we usually go on a picnic. A) On B) By C) For 20. Mary was born ---- 20th March ---- 1982. A) on / of B) at / in C) by / to 21. ---- Christmas I d like to visit my relatives. A) In B) On C) At 22. Section 5 is ---- the first floor of the Prep School. A) in B) on 23. You mustn t smoke ---- a bus. A) in B) on 24. Ahmet s grandmother died ---- 1990 ---- the age of 81. A) on / in B) at / on C) in / at 25. Were there many people ---- the concert? A) in B) on 26. He speaks quite good French. He studied ---- Paris for a year. A) in B) on 27. I ll show you the picture ---- the palace. A) to B) of C) on 28. There are emergency telephones all ---- the E-5 Motorway. A) in B) on 29. She always gets up early ---- the morning and goes to bed late ---- night. A) at / in B) on / on C) in / at 30. She learned Russian ---- the age of 45. A) on B) at C) in 31. We are very proud ---- this company. A) of B) with C) for 32. You have to pay ---- the tickets on the day you order them. A) at B) for C) by 33. You ll have to wait. He ll be with you ---- a minute. A) in B) at C) on 34. Daria s books are lying ---- the floor. A) at B) in C) on 108

35. He arrived at the school building just --- - time. A) on B) in 36. The audience threw tomatoes ---- him. A) in B) on 37. My friend always borrows money ---- me. A) by B) on C) from 38. He is responsible ---- what he does. A) of B) from C) for 39. I m sorry ---- the job you didn t get. A) about B) of C) with 40. I m very bad ---- mathematics. A) in B) at C) on 41. Passengers are not allowed to use cell phones ---- airplanes. A) at B) on C) in 42. He is always ---- time. A) at B) on C) in 44. I happened to meet an old friend ---- town. A) at B) on C) in 45. Have you read the article? It was ---- yesterday s newspapers. A) at B) in C) on 46. Her next birthday will be ---- a Sunday. A) in B) on 47. Are you going away for the weekend? I don t know. It depends ---- the weather. A) in B) on 48. The new factory is expected to go online ---- May. A) at B) on C) in 49. Jane goes to the office early ---- Tuesdays. A) at B) on C) in 50. I saw him sometime ---- June. A) at B) on C) in 43. How many people are ---- your team? A) in B) at C) on 109

RELATIVE CLAUSE ÖNCESINE NE GELIR? MARKER SONRASINA NE GELIR? who whom which where when why whose that whereby prep + which prep + whom prep + whose 110

Relative Clause Test 1. This is the man ---- built our house. A) who B) which C) whose 2. There is the bridge ---- we have to cross. A) that B) whose C) where 3. A greengrocer's is a shop ---- you can buy vegetables. A) where B) that C) which 4. The day ---- I arrived was very nice. A) when B) which C) why 5. A horror film was the reason ---- I couldn't sleep last night. A) where B) who C) why 6. The girl ---- lives next door is very nice. A) who B) whom C) whose 7. The bus ---- takes you to the station should be here any minute. A) where B) which C) whose 8. This is the dog ---- barks every night. A) that B) why C) when 9. A castle is a place ---- a king or queen lives. A) when B) that C) where 10. An actress is a woman ---- plays in films or theatre plays. A) whom B) which C) who 11. This is the girl ---- mother is from Canada. A) who B) whom C) whose 12. This is the time of the year ---- many people suffer from hayfever. A) when B) who C) where 13. The flowers ---- grow in the garden are beautiful. A) which B) where C) what 14. The security guard ---- was working that night didn't see anything. A) who B) which C) where 15. A boy ---- sister is in my class was in the bank at that time. A) who B) which C) whose 16. This is the station ---- Emily met James. A) which B) who C) where 111

17. July and August are the months ---- most people go on holiday. A) why B) whose C) when 18. Do you know the reason ---- so many people in the world learn English? A) why B) the fact that C) which 19. This is the church ---- Sue and Peter got married. A) whose B) where C) which 20. Edinburgh is the town ---- Alexander Graham Bell was born. A) which B) where C) on which 21. 25 December is the day ---- children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents. A) why B) whose C) when 22. A famine was the reason ---- so many Irish people emigrated to the USA in the 19th century. A) who B) which C) why 23. Do you know anyone ---- could help me fix my computer? A) which B) who C) whose 24. A hammer is a tool ---- is used to knock nails into wood. A) that B) who C) whose 25. The shop ---- we usually buy our bread has closed down. A) that B) where C) whose 26. The boy ---- dog was hit by a car has not been to school for 3 days. A) that B) who C) whose 27. Can you please return the calculator ---- you borrowed yesterday? A) that B) who C) whom 28. An orphanage is a place ---- children who have no parents can live and be looked after. A) that B) which C) where 29. I didn't realize I had forgotten my passport until I reached the airport, ---- was very annoying. A) that B) which C) where 30. The students ---- test grades were low had to come back after school for an extra lesson. A) that B) who C) whose 112

31. The hotel, ---- is in the centre of the town, is to be knocked down and replaced by a bank. A) that B) which C) where 32. The person to ---- you sent the letter has moved to a new address? A) who B) whom C) whose 33. In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary, ---- took him nine years to complete. A) which B) who C) where 34. In 1737, Johnson moved to London, ---- he wrote poetry, essays and biographies. A) where B) when C) why 35. Johnson, ---- was too poor to pay the fees, had to leave Oxford without a degree. A) whom B) who C) whose 36. The King s Theatre is in the centre of town ---- dates from 1896. A) whose B) which C) where 37. A herbivore is an animal ---- feeds upon vegetation. 38. My friend ---- took me to a restaurant works in a big hop ---- sells expensive shoes. A) who / which B) whom / that C) whose / where 39. That man, ---- lives next door, works in the post office. A) that B) who C) which 40. Sam, ---- daughter studies Medicine, works in the hospital. A) who B) that C) whose 41. I love the dress ---- you bought last week. A) which B) where C) whose 42. That s the man ---- I met at the pub. A) whom B) whose C) where 43. Paul, ---- I think is very intelligent, won a lot of money in a quiz show. A) where B) whom C) whose 44. Two guys, ---- car had broken down, asked me for a lift. A) whose B) whom C) which A) who B) that C) when 113

45. The day ---- I started work there was a disaster. A) which B) that C) where 46. Who's moved the papers ---- I left on my desk? A) who B) whom C) that 47. This is the village ---- my mother spent her childhood. A) which B) where C) who 48. The teacher, ---- I spoke this morning, said I was doing very well. A) who B) whom C) to whom 49. He didn't wait at the traffic lights ---- were red. A) who B) which C) whose 50. A police officer ---- car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them. A) whose B) who C) which 114

1 The patient, who had a serious disease, was taken to hospital immediately. TR 2 Have you seen the new advertisement which was shown on TV last night? TR 3 Smithsfield is a small village where people live a quiet life. TR 4 Ants are small insects which live in big groups. TR 5 Christopher Columbus was the sailor who/that discovered America. TR 6 The city, which is usually crowded with people, seems to be abandoned. TR 7 The building in which the fire started in is a complete ruin. TR 8 There were three applicants, none of whom seemed very competent TR 9 The patient, who had a serious disease, was taken to hospital immediately. TR 10 The robber whose mask was obviously too big didn't drive. TR 115

11 Ants are small insects which live in big groups. TR 12 Companies whose shareholders control them have little possibility of making their own decisions. TR 13 You'll have to try to get in touch with the person who is responsible for staff training. TR 14 The person whom you are calling cannot hear you. TR 15 The school where I was educated closed down a couple of years ago. TR 16 I m looking forward to the fifteenth of next month when I ll get married. TR 17 The gardener s wife who has just had her third baby has been married for six years. TR 18 She always asks me questions that are difficult to answer. TR 19 This test is for students whose native language is not English. TR 20 D.H. Lawrence, who was an English author, wrote many interesting novels. TR 116

RELATIVE CLAUSE REDUCTION ACTIVE NEREDE KULLANILIR? Ving having V3 to V1 PASSIVE NEREDE KULLANILIR? V3 having been V3 to be V3 117

Instruction: Aşağıdaki cümleleri relative clause reduction kullanarak tekrar yazınız. 1 This is the bank which was robbed yesterday. 2 The patient, who had a serious disease, was taken to hospital immediately. 3 Ants are small insects which live in big groups. 4 The police followed the criminals, who ran away through the back door. 5 The police interrogated the witness, who gave them a lot of useful information. 6 Someone stole my money belt, which contained my wallet and all my documents. 7 They finally found the murderer, who was hiding in a small village. 8 The Mayans, who lived in Central America, built many stunning temples. 9 My Auntie Ella, who is a journalist, is coming to visit next week. 10 The snake which was in the garden last week belongs to our next-door neighbour. 118

11 The man who robbed the bank is in jail now. 12 Yesterday, I was the last person who left the school. 13 Grease was the first film that I saw at the cinema. 14 The meal that we had at the restaurant was very good. 15 My cousin works for a company that sells laptops. 16 He is the first person who wrote about that problem. 17 A hammer is a tool which is used to knock nails into wood. 18 Mrs Smith is the woman whom you met yesterday. 19 Students who want to join the club must apply to the English teacher. 20 Students who are punished are generally boys 119

Instruction: Aşağıdaki cümleleri relative clause marker kullanarak tekrar yazınız. 1 TR The method used in the project was excellent 2 The students coming to class late missed the quiz TR 3 I passed the exam, making all my family happy TR 4 It is unsafe to enter a building damaged by the earthquake TR 5 The film, lasting for three hours, was boring. TR 6 The train to Madrid leaves from platform 2. TR 7 The problems not solved in time may cause bigger problems in the future. TR 8 The house at the end of the road was sold yesterday. TR 9 The family interested in buying our house changed their mind suddenly. TR 10 The book I'm reading comes from the library. TR 120

11 She has never met the lecturer leading today's seminar. TR 12 We saw the new play written by Tom Stoppard at the Old Vic. TR 13 The girl having asked a question is very clever. TR 14 He is the oldest footballer that plays to play in Turkish League. TR 15 The teacher having been asked a question is very clever. TR 16 The car parked next to mine is very expensive. TR 17 People without their ID cards cannot get in. TR 18 Students with enough knowledge and skills will be admitted. TR 19 Jack is the first person to have handed in this exam. TR 20 Tansu Çiller is the only woman who became to become Prime Minister. TR 121

NOUN CLAUSE MARKER NEREDE KULLANILIR? who whom what where when why whose which that the fact that whether if 122

1. The king ordered ---- the traitor should be put to death. A) that B) who C) what 2. ---- he is not interested in the offer is known to us. A) Where B) Whom C) That 3. I cannot rely on ---- he says. A) what B) which C) whose 4. I don t know ---- he has gone. A) whom B) that C) where 5. He asked ---- the servant had polished his shoes. A) who B) whether C) what 6. The news ---- he is alive has been confirmed. A) that B) which C) when 7. The belief ---- the soul is immortal is almost universal. A) which B) who C) that 8. What the doctors really doubt is ---- his mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A) when B) how C) whether 9. I shall never forget these days ---- I lived in the country with my mother, ---- has a great effect on my life. A) what / which B) when / which C) when / who 10. ---- he always serves the people very well is known. A) What B) That C) Who 11. ---- you have done might do harm to other people. A) What B) That C) Which 12. I don t care ---- she has no money. I care ---- she is honest or not. A) what / what B) whether / whether C) who / who 13. They found at last ---- they had been looking for. A) that B) what C) where 14. He will be here on time ---- he drives or takes the train. A) whether B) when C) how 123

15. The reason why he was late is ---- he got up too late. A) that B) where C) if 16. I want to know ---- the leather coat belongs to. A) who B) that C) whom 17. Can you tell me ---- the hospital is? A) where B) that C) whether 18. We all know ---- she will be our English teacher. A) what B) that C) who 19. A: I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. B: Is that ---- you had a few days off? A) why B) when C) where 20. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ---- of course, made the others unhappy. A) who B) which C) what 21. Please do ---- I told you. A) what B) who C) where 22. It was a matter of ---- would take the position. A) who B) whom C) wherever 23. Tom was reluctant to tell his mother ---- he had done the day before. A) that B) how C) what 24. A: Do you know ---- he come? B: Yes, I do. He came half an hour ago. A) how B) when C) why 25. ---- Jane can go to my birthday party is still unknown. A) Whether B) Which C) What 26. It was said ---- this was how the Chinese first raised silk worms. A) that B) which C) who 27. Jane was late for school again. That was ---- it was raining heavily then. A) what B) why C) because 28. ---- he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A) What B) That C) Whether 124

29. ---- you do should be well done. A) How B) That C) Whatever 30. Why don t you bring ---- to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A) that B) what C) that 31. ---- more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A) Whether B) Who C) What 32. That is ----- I was born and grew up. A) There B) in which C) where 33. ---- has a good education can apply for the job. A) Who B) Whoever C) Anyone 34. Some of the scientists held the point that ---- the book said was right. A) what B) who C) that 35. I don t understand ---- she is angry with me. A) who B) why C) whose 36. Can you tell me ---- wrote Oliver Twist? A) what B) who C) why 36. What the doctors really doubt is ---- his mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A) when B) how C) whether 37. I shall never forget these days ---- I lived in the country with my mother, ---- has a great effect on my life. 1. what / which 2. when / which 3. which / that 37. ---- he said he would not get married, nobody knows. 1. when 2. whose 3. why 38. It is important ---- everyone be told the truth. 1. what 2. that 3. if 39. This organization provides help to ---- needs it. 1. whomever 2. whoever 3. however 40. Derrick s problem was ---- he could earn the money. 1. how 2. why 3. who 41. The engineer stated ---- she could design the foundation. 1. why 2. when 3. that 125

42. ---- the new captain will be has not been announced. 1. whoever 2. who 3. whomsoever 43. My brother doesn't know ---- tall he is. 1. what 2. how 3. when 44. Melissa doesn t remember ---- mother s day is. 1. why 2. when 3. where 45. Scientists claim ---- they will cure cancer. 1. what 2. that 3. which 46. Which one the capital of India is, was the question ---- the teacher made. 47. Of course, the child agreed. Is it possible ---- the child would not agree? 1. that 2. what 3. how 48. I'll never forget ---- happened on our way to the carnival. 1. who 2. what 3. when 49. You should have guessed ---- she would surely let you down even at the most unexpected occasions. 1. that 2. where 3. when 50. People, at times, can be so blind that they don't even see ---- is in front of their eyes. 1. why 2. where 3. what 1. what 2. where 3. that 126

Conjunction & Transition List (all-in-one) + SVO + noun + SVO / N Etiketler ve anlamları + SVO şekilinde etiketlenen bağlaçlar kendisinden sonra cümle alır. Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır. Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen cümlenin yüklemine eklenir. Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi: SVO bağlaç SVO. Bağlaç SVO, SVO. She attended the class although she was ill. Hasta olmasına rağmen derse katıldı. Although she was ill, she attended the class. Hasta olmasına rağmen derse katıldı. + noun şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçlar kendisinden sonra isim alır. Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır. Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen isme eklenir. Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi: SVO bağlaç noun. Bağlaç noun, SVO. She attended the class despite her illness. Hastalığına rağmen derse katıldı. Despite her illness, she attended the class Hastalığına rağmen derse katıldı. + SVO / N şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçlar kendisinden sonra hem cümle hem isim alır. Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır. Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen cümlenin yüklemine; veya isme eklenir. Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi: SVO bağlaç SVO. (veya) SVO bağlaç noun. Bağlaç SVO, SVO. (veya) Bağlaç noun, SVO. I have lived in Eskişehir since I was born. (veya) I have lived in Eskişehir since 1989. Doğduğumdan beri Eskişehir'de yaşıyorum. (veya) 1989'dan beri Eskişehir de yaşıyorum. Since I was born, I have lived in Eskişehir. (veya) Since 1989, I have lived in Eskişehir. Doğduğumdan beri Eskişehir'de yaşıyorum. (veya) 1989'dan beri Eskişehir de yaşıyorum. 127

transition + Ving + V1 zarf transition şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçtan sonra cümle gelir. Bağlacın kelime şeklinde çevirisi vardır. Bu bağlaçlar hiç metni başlatmaz; başka bir deyişle metinlerin ilk cümlesinin başına gelmez. SVO bağlaç SVO. She was ill, but she attended the class. Hastaydı ama derse katıldı. Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi: + Ving şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçlardan sonra Ving gelir. Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır. Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen Ving'e eklenir. Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi: I love reading newspaper while travelling by train. Trenle seyahat ederken gazete okumayı severim. + V1 şeklinde etiketlenen bağlaçlardan sonra V1 gelir. Bağlacın ek şeklinde çevirisi vardır. Bağlacın anlamı, bağlaçtan sonra gelen V1'e eklenir. Bu gruptaki bağlaçların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi: She promised to study hard in order to pass the exam. Sınavı geçmek için çok çalışacağına söz verdi. zarf şeklinde etiketlenen ifadeler iki cümleyi bağlamazlar; sadece bir cümlenin herhangi bir yerinde kullanılır. Zarfların kullanım şekli ve çevirisi: Unfortunately, three people dies in the accident. Maalesef ki kazada üç kişi öldü. I haven't received any reply yet. Henüz bir cevap almadım. Einstein is by far the greatest scientist. Einstein, gelmiş geçmiş en iyi bilim insanıdır. NOT: Birden fazla anlamı olan bağlaçlar [bağlaç*] şeklinde yazılmıştır. 128

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ZAMAN BAĞLAÇLARI 100% when* + SVO...dığında,...dığı zaman,...ınca, iken I was just getting into the bath when the telephone rang. 93% whenever = every time + SVO her ne zaman...se He goes to the opera whenever he can. 100% after + SVO / N...den sonra Shall we go for a walk after breakfast? Soon/shortly/immediately after we joined the motorway, the car started to make a strange noise. 80% as soon as + SVO er...mez As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong. / as soon as possible 100% once* + SVO...den sonra,...dığında Once I've found somewhere to live, I'll send you my address. 19% in the aftermath of + noun...den sonra,...ın sonrasında Many more people died in the aftermath of the explosion. 100% following + noun...den sonra,...ın sonrasında Following the dinner, there will be a dance. 100% before + SVO / N...den önce Before we make a decision, does anyone want to say anything else? You should always check your oil, water and tyres before taking your car on a long trip. 40% prior to + noun...den önce,...ın öncesinde the weeks prior to her death 100% until = till + SVO / N e kadar She waited until her coffee had cooled down before taking a sip. We didn't arrive at our hotel until after midnight. 40% by the time + SVO...e kadar By the time I got to the station the train had already gone. 100% by + noun...e kadar,...den önce,...e gelindiğinde The application must be handed in by the 31st to be accepted. 100% while* = whilst + SVO...iken While I was in Italy I went to see Alessandro. 100% as* + SVO...iken I saw him as I was coming into the building. 100% as* + SVO...dıkça / -dikçe He gets more attractive as he gets older. 100% just as* + SVO tam...iken Just as I was sitting down to watch TV, the phone rang. 100% since* = ever since + SVO / N...den beri,...den bu yana England have not won the World Cup in football since 1966. I've been very busy since I came back from holiday. 129

18 100% for* + noun (süre)...dir I haven't played tennis for years. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 100% during + noun -de, -da esnasında, sırasında, There were huge advances in aviation technology during World War Two. 3% as of = as from + noun itibariyle As of next month, all the airline's fares will be going up. 30% at the same time zarf aynı zamanda No-one likes conflict, but at the same time we have to deal with this problem. 14% meanwhile transition bu sırada Carl's starting college in September. Meanwhile, he's travelling around Europe. 10% in the meantime transition bu sırada Your computer won't be arriving till Thursday. In the meantime, you can use Jude's. 18% afterwards transition ardından, daha sonra, ondan sonra, ve daha sonra We had tea, and afterwards we sat in the garden for a while. 100% (and) then* transition (ve) daha sonra Let me finish this job, then we'll go. 130

ZAMAN ZARFLARI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 100% today zarf bugün He's going to ring you at some point today. 100% now zarf şimdi She used to be a teacher, but now she works in publishing. 70% presently = at present zarf şu anda Of 200 boats, only 20 are presently operational. 70% at the moment zarf şu anda I'm afraid she's not here at the moment. 83% currently zarf bu sıralar The Director is currently having talks in the USA. 100% (in) recent (years) zarf son (yıllarda) In recent times/years/months, there has been an increase in the amount of violence on television. 100% recently = lately zarf son zamanlarda Have you seen any good films recently? 23% nowadays = these days zarf bugünlerde Nowadays, I bake my own bread rather than buy it. 3% those days zarf o günlerde In those days people used to write a lot more letters. 100% then* zarf o zaman, o anda I was working in the city then. 35% at the time zarf o anda It seemed like a good idea at the time. 5% this time zarf (yarın/dün) bu zamanlar I thought you'd have finished by this time. 60% so far zarf şimdiye kadar 5% thus far zarf şimdiye kadar 10% until now/today zarf şimdiye kadar 10% up to now/today zarf şimdiye kadar 10% till now/ today zarf şimdiye kadar 10% by now zarf şimdiye kadar 7% to date zarf şimdiye kadar So far we've made thirty-two thousand pounds. 100% before zarf daha önce He said he had never seen her before. 100% still* zarf hâlâ There is still no news about the hostages. 40% until recently zarf son zamanlara kadar Until recently the civil war was largely unreported in the press. 131

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29% yesterday zarf dün I rang them yesterday to check when they were arriving. 48% tomorrow zarf yarın The price of petrol will rise by 5p a gallon from tomorrow. 100% next zarf gelecek She's on holiday for the next few days. 100% last zarf geçen They got married last November. 16% tonight zarf bu gece There's a full moon tonight. 99% originally zarf başlarda, ilk olarak Originally it was a bedroom, but we turned it into a study. 94% previously zarf önceden, geçmişte She was previously employed as a tour guide. 54% formerly zarf önceden, geçmişte The European Union was formerly called the European Community. 100% once* zarf bir zamanlar This house once belonged to my grandfather. 100% in the past zarf geçmişte In the past, this sort of work was all done by hand. 100% in the future zarf gelecekte At some point in the future I would like to have my own house. 8% for the first time zarf ilk defa Last weekend my grandparents visited us for the first time. 8% for the time being zarf şimdilik Leave the ironing for the time being - I'll do it later. 132

KOŞUL BAĞLAÇLARI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100% if* + SVO (eğer)...se I'll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday. 16% providing (that) provided (that) + SVO...mesi şartıyla He's welcome to come along, provided that he behaves himself. 16% on condition that + SVO...mesi şartıyla I'll come to the party on the condition that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers! 16% suppose (that) supposing (that) + SVO farz et ki Suppose we miss the train - what will we do then? 100% as long as = so long as + SVO...dığı sürece I can come as long as I can leave by 4.00. 62% only if + SVO sadece/ancak se Only if she had called, would I have known. 100% unless + SVO...mezse,...medikçe Most wild animals won't attack unless they are provoked. 10% if ever + SVO eğer olurda se Tell her to call me if ever you run into her! 95% even if + SVO...se bile Try to act confidently, even if you feel nervous. 5% what if? + SVO ya...se? What if you don't pass YDS? 63% otherwise transition yoksa, aksi takdirde 11 12 13 20% or else 100% or* We must be there by six, otherwise we'll miss the beginning. 100% without + noun...sız,siz; olmazsa, olmasaydı Without water life, as we know it now, wouldn t exist on Earth. 5% but for + noun...sız,siz; olmazsa, olmasaydı I'd have crashed the car but for your warning. 100% as if + SVO (sanki)...mış gibi 14 25% as though + SVO (sanki)...mış gibi She looked as if she'd had some bad news. 133

AMAÇ BAĞLAÇLARI 1 2 3 100% so that + SVO...mesi için,...sın diye 100% in order that + SVO...mesi için,...sın diye I deliberately didn't have lunch so that I would be hungry tonight. 100% in order to V1...mek için,...mek amacıyla 80% so as to V1...mek için,...mek amacıyla 13% in an effort to V1...mek için,...mek amacıyla 13% in an attempt to V1...mek için,...mek amacıyla I always keep fruit in the fridge in order to keep insects off it. 8% for the purpose of + Ving...mek için,...mek amacıyla 9% with the intention of + Ving...mek için,...mek amacıyla, niyetiyle 15% with a view to + Ving...mek için,...mek amacıyla These measures have been taken with a view to increasing the company's profits. TEDBİR BAĞLAÇLARI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100% in case + SVO...r diye,...rsa diye Take you umbrella with you in case it rains. 100% in case of + noun durumunda, halinde The law will apply equally to men and women except in the case of maternity leave. 5% in that/which case zarf öyleyse, o takdirde, o halde There's no coffee left? In that case I'll have tea. 10% just in case zarf ne olur ne olmaz I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in case. 5% in any case zarf ne olursa olsun I don't want to go and in any case, I haven't been invited. 10% in the event of + noun durumunda, halinde In the event of a strike, the army will take over responsibility for firefighting. 9% lest + SVO korkusuyla They were afraid to complain about the noise lest they annoyed the neighbours. 10% for fear (that) + SVO...r korkusuyla They wouldn't let their cat outside for fear (that) it would get run over. 10% for fear of + noun...ın korkusuyla I didn't want to move for fear of waking her up. 134

SEBEP BAĞLAÇLARI 1 2 3 4 5 6 100% because + SVO...dığı için,...den dolayı, çünkü 100% as* + SVO...dığı için,...den dolayı, çünkü 100% since* + SVO...dığı için,...den dolayı, çünkü Patients were discharged from hospital because the beds were needed by other people. 100% for* transition çünkü She remained silent, for her heart was broken. 100% now that + SVO...dığı için 10% on grounds that + SVO...dığı için,...den dolayı 5% seeing (that) + SVO...dığı için,...den dolayı 5% seeing (as) + SVO...dığı için,...den dolayı She's enjoying the job now that she's got more responsibility. 15% in that + SVO bakımından This research is important in that it confirms the link between aggression and alcohol. 100% because of + noun...den dolayı,...ın yüzünden 100% due to + noun...den dolayı,...ın yüzünden 100% owing to + noun...den dolayı,...ın yüzünden 20% on account of + noun...den dolayı,...ın yüzünden 100% as a result of + noun...ın sonucu olarak 12% as a consequence of + noun...ın sonucu olarak The train was delayed because of bad weather. 60% thanks to + noun...ın sayesinde 100% by means of + noun aracılığıyla 21% with the help of + noun ın yardımıyla 11% with the aid of + noun ın yardımıyla %100 through* + noun ın vasıtasıyla, ın aracılığıyla It's thanks to Sandy that I heard about the job. 135

SONUÇ BAĞLAÇLARI 100% therefore transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 100% so* transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 100% thus transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 63% hence transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 100% as a result transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 16% as a consequence transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 1 66% consequently transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 8% that's why transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 1% which s why transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 8% for this reason transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project. They planned to reduce staff and thus to cut costs. 2 My knee started hurting so I stopped running. I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday. 10% thereby + Ving dolayısıyla Diets that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol tend to clog up our arteries, thereby reducing the blood flow to our hearts and brains. 136

ZITLIK BAĞLAÇLARI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 100% although + SVO...se de,...e rağmen, ama 100% though + SVO...se de,...e rağmen, ama 100% even though + SVO...se de,...e rağmen, ama 100% while* + SVO...se de,...e rağmen, ama 1% much as + SVO...e rağmen She walked home by herself although she knew that it was dangerous. 100% despite + noun...e rağmen 83% in spite of + noun...e rağmen 1% notwithstanding + noun...e rağmen I still enjoyed the week despite the weather. 100% but* transition ama, fakat, ancak 100% however* transition ancak 99% nevertheless transition yine de 6% nonetheless transition yine de 100% yet* transition ama, fakat, ancak 100% still* transition ama, fakat, ancak 90% even so transition yine de It's a nice dress, but it creases very easily. 6% on the contrary transition bilakis, tam tersi "Didn't you find the film exciting?" "On the contrary, I nearly fell asleep half way through it!" (on the one hand) 6% transition bir taraftan/yandan öte taraftan/yandan on the other hand On the one hand I'd like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment. 100% however* + SVO her ne kadar olsa da However hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off a whole pizza. 1% as* (sıfat/zarf) + SVO her ne kadar olsa da Angry as he was, he couldn't help smiling. 137

KARŞILAŞTIRMA - ZITLIK BAĞLAÇLARI 1 2 3 4 5 6 100% whereas + SVO halbuki, oysa, ama,...iken He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty. 100% while* + SVO halbuki, oysa, ama,...iken You eat a massive plate of food for lunch, while I have just a sandwich. 10% in contrast to/with + noun...nın aksine,...e zıt olarak The amount spent on defence is in contrast to that spent on housing and health. 100% unlike + noun...ın aksine,...ın zıttına,...den farklı olarak I really enjoyed the film - it was unlike anything I'd seen before. 83% contrary to + noun...ın aksine Contrary to all our expectations, he's found a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend. 3% conversely transition aksine, zıttına 6% in/by contrast transition aksine, zıttına 3% contrarily transition aksine, zıttına 3% to the contrary transition aksine, zıttına For a long time it was thought to be a harmless substance, but we now have proof to the contrary. KARŞILAŞTIRMA - BENZERLİK BAĞLAÇLARI 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 9% likewise zarf benzer şekilde Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom. 56% similarly transition benzer şekilde Cars must stop at red traffic lights: similarly, bicycles should stop too. 100% similar to + noun...e benzer I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before. 100% the same (as) + noun ile aynı She was wearing exactly the same dress as I was. 100% just as (so) + SVO tıpkı gibi He got divorced, just as his parents had done years before. 90% compared to/with + noun ile karşılaştırıldığında 90% when compared to/with + noun ile karşılaştırıldığında 90% as compared to/with + noun ile karşılaştırıldığında 90% in/by comparison with + noun ile karşılaştırıldığında I thought myself very sophisticated compared with my relatives in the country. 100% like* + noun...nın gibi The blackbird, like most birds, breeds in the spring. 100% as* + SVO / N...gibi As with his earlier movies, the special effects in his latest film are brilliant. 138

EKLEME BAĞLAÇLARI 1 2 100% moreover transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak 100% in addition transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak 29% furthermore transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak 100% also transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak 63% besides transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak 10% additionally transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak 5% what's more transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate. I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers - they're good and furthermore they're cheap. 63% besides + noun...e ek olarak,...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca 100% in addition to + noun...e ek olarak,...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca 100% as well as + noun...e ek olarak,...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca 70% along with + noun...e ek olarak,...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca I want to visit Andrew as well as Martin. Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball? ÖRNEK VEREN BAĞLAÇLAR 1 2 3 100% for example transition örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi 100% for instance transition örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi 10% to illustrate transition örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi 3% to exemplify transition örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi Offices can easily become more environmentally-friendly by, for example, using recycled paper. %1 e.g. (exempli gratia) + noun örneğin, mesela, söz gelimi You should eat more food that contains a lot of fibre, e.g. fruit, vegetables and bread. 100% such as + noun gibi, mesela That sum of money is to cover costs such as travel and accommodation. 139

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 İKİLİ BAĞLAÇLAR 88% neither nor + SVO / N ne ne de Neither my mother nor my father went to university. 98% either or + SVO / N ya ya da We can either eat now or after the show - it's up to you. 100% whether or + SVO / N ister.. ister. Someone's got to tell her, whether it's you or me. 100% both and + SVO / N hem hem de / gerek gerek Both men and women have complained about the advertisement. 100% not only but also + SVO / N sadece değil ayrıca... Not only men but also women have complained about the advertisement. 100% not but + SVO / N değil This is not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance. 2% no sooner than + SVO tam ki / -mesi ile mesi bir oldu No sooner had I started mowing the lawn than it started raining. 2% hardly when + SVO tam ki / -mesi ile mesi bir oldu 2% barely when + SVO tam ki / -mesi ile mesi bir oldu 2% scarcely when + SVO tam ki / -mesi ile mesi bir oldu Hardly / Barely / Scarcely had I phoned her when she came in. 95% from to/until/till + noun dan e The museum is open from 9.30 to 6.00 Tuesday to Sunday. 5% from on / onwards + noun den itibaren From that day on, she vowed never to trust him again. 100% the same (as) She was wearing exactly the same dress as I was. 100% just as (so) He got divorced, just as his parents had done years before. 100% as as noun kadar I don't think he's been watering these plants - the soil is as dry as a bone. 20% so as noun kadar It's not so good as it used to be. 100% more than (more than ) noun...den fazla More people live in the capital than in the whole of the rest of the country. 100% less than (less than ) noun...den az I eat less chocolate and fewer biscuits than I used to. 20% the more the more + SVO ne kadar o kadar The more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him. 100% so that + SVO o kadar ki I'm so tired that I could sleep in this chair! 100% such that + SVO o kadar ki I'd put on such a lot of weight that I couldn't get into my trousers. 140

MİKTAR & SAYISAL İFADELERİ NİTELEYEN ZARFLAR 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100% more than zarf...den fazla 100% over zarf üzerinde 22% in excess of + noun...den fazla More than 20 000 demonstrators crowded into the square. 100% less than zarf...den az 100% under zarf altında The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes. 100% almost zarf neredeyse 100% nearly zarf neredeyse 63% virtually zarf neredeyse 13% practically zarf neredeyse Almost all the passengers on the ferry were French. 100% at least zarf en az 10% at most zarf en çok, olsa olsa It will cost at least $100. 15% more or less zarf aşağı yukarı 100% about* zarf yaklaşık 100% around* zarf yaklaşık, civarında 61% roughly zarf kabaca, yaklaşık 29% approximately zarf yaklaşık 3% give or take zarf aşağı yukarı 1% pretty well zarf yaklaşık 13% estimated zarf tahmini 100% some* zarf yaklaşık The job will take approximately three weeks, and cost approximately 1000. 2% or so zarf yaklaşık They raised two hundred pounds or so for charity. 100% as as zarf kadar The car consumes as much as 10 litres of fuel for every 100 miles 10% up to zarf...e varan,...e kadar 10% down to zarf...e kadar Up to two hundred people were on board the ship. 100% only zarf sadece 100% just* zarf sadece These shoes only cost 20. 100% exactly zarf tam olarak 100% precisely zarf tam olarak The journey took exactly three hours. 141

SIFATLARI PEKİŞTİREN ZARFLAR 1 100% rather zarf oldukça [rather difficult] 2 100% quite zarf oldukça [quite late] 3 36% somewhat zarf biraz [somewhat confident] 4 70% slightly zarf biraz [slightly upset] 5 100% highly zarf oldukça [highly profitable] 6 88% fairly zarf oldukça [fairly new] 7 34% pretty zarf oldukça [pretty sure] 8 100% considerably zarf epey, bir hayli [considerably cheaper] 9 100% relatively zarf nispeten [relatively recent] 10 60% comparatively zarf nispeten [comparatively tall] 11 2% sort of zarf bir nevi [sort of cheap] 12 5% reasonably zarf epey [reasonably happy] 13 100% extremely zarf son derece [extremely difficult] 14 100% completely zarf tamamen [completely broke] 15 100% totally zarf tamamen [totally unacceptable] 16 100% entirely zarf tamamen [entirely happy] 17 100% absolutely zarf kesinlikle [absolutely right] 18 100% fully zarf tamamen [fully aware] 19 20% utterly zarf tamamen [utterly different] 20 100% really zarf gerçekten [really awesome] 21 65% truly zarf gerçekten [truly global] 22 100% most* zarf çok [most likely] 23 100% very zarf çok [very sad] 24 100% so* zarf çok, öyle [so happy] 1 2 3 4 5 6 DE, DA BAĞLACI 100% too zarf de, da 100% as well zarf de, da "I hope they stay together." "I hope so too." 100% either zarf de, da "I've never been to the States." "I haven't either." 88% neither zarf de, da If she doesn't agree to the plan, neither will Tom. 74% nor zarf de, da "I've never been to Iceland." "Nor have I." 100% so zarf de, da Neil left just after midnight and so did Roz. 100% also zarf ayrıca, de, da I'm cold, and I'm also hungry and tired. 142

İLE İLGİLİ ANLAMINA GELEBİLECEK İFADELER 1 100% about + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 2 80% with/in regard to + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 3 100% concerning + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 4 48% regarding + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 5 46% in connection with + noun ile bağlantılı olarak 6 100% as regards + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 7 8% pertaining to + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 8 16% as to + noun...e dair,...e ilişkin olarak 9 9% with respect to + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 10 7% in respect of + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 11 13% with reference to + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 12 12% in/with relation to + noun ile ilgili,...ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 13 12% in association with + noun ile bağlantılı, ile ilişkili a film about the Spanish Civil War There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements. There's no decision as to when the work might start. We are only interested in the parts of the proposals pertaining to local issues. She used the map to discover where she was in relation to her surroundings. BAŞLARDA & SONUNDA ANLAMINDAKİ ZARFLAR 1 6% at first zarf başta, başlarda, başlangıçta 2 3% firstly zarf başta, başlarda, başlangıçta 3 31% initially zarf başta, başlarda, başlangıçta 4 10% at/in the beginning zarf başta, başlarda, başlangıçta 5 2% in the first place zarf en baştan, ilkin 6 1% first and fore most zarf en başta At first I thought he was joking but then I realized he meant it. The damage was far more serious than initially believed. 7 4% lastly zarf sonunda, son olarak 8 100% finally zarf sonunda, son olarak 9 88% eventually zarf sonunda, son olarak 10 4% at last zarf sonunda, son olarak 11 38% ultimately zarf sonunda, son olarak 12 10% in the end zarf sonunda Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as a shock when she eventually died. I've finished my essay at last! 143

DİĞER BAĞLAÇLAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 100% even zarf bile, hatta It's a very difficult job - it might even take a year to finish it. 100% only zarf sadece, ancak I was only trying to help. 100% the only zarf tek Rita was the only person to complain. 100% just* zarf sadece, sırf It was just a joke. 100% certain* zarf bazı, kimi, belli başlı 100% particular* zarf bazı, kimi, belli başlı 10% given zarf bazı, kimi, belli başlı We have certain reasons for our decision, which have to remain confidential. 100% too* + (to V1) zarf ( meyecek kadar) çok It's too difficult for me to explain. 100% enough + (to V1) zarf yeterince He's tall enough to change the bulb without getting on a chair. 100% such* zarf böyle, bu tür Such small companies are very vulnerable in a recession. 100% and transition ve Your shoes will be repaired and ready for you to collect on Thursday. 100% or* transition veya, ya da You can pay now or when you come back to pick up the paint. 74% nor* transition ne de I can't be at the meeting and nor can Andrew. 100% instead of + noun...ın yerine 90% in place of + noun...ın yerine You waste a lot of water by having a bath instead of a shower. 100% instead transition bunun yerine, onun yerine I'm going to drop yoga; instead I will do aerobics. 100% rather than + noun...den ziyade I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out. 58% at all zarf hiç de, hiç mi hiç 58% whatsoever zarf hiç de, hiç mi hiç I'm afraid I've got nothing at all to say. 100% according to + noun...e göre Students are all put in different groups according to their ability. According to these documents, you still owe us 2,000. 144

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 39% accordingly zarf ona göre, öyle, uygun şekilde When we receive your instructions we will act accordingly. 26% in accord with + noun...ile uyum içinde,...e uygun olarak 30% in accordance with + noun...ile uyum içinde,...e uygun olarak 10% in line with + noun ile uyumlu olarak In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France. 100% indeed transition açıkçası, işin aslı, gerçekte, aslında 100% in fact transition açıkçası, işin aslı, gerçekte, aslında 100% actually transition açıkçası, işin aslı, gerçekte, aslında 10% as a matter of fact transition açıkçası, işin aslı, gerçekte, aslında No I don't work. In fact, I've never had a job. 23% fortunately zarf neyse ki 12% luckily zarf neyse ki Fortunately, we got home before it started to rain. 100% unfortunately zarf maalesef ki 1% alas zarf maalesef ki Unfortunately, I didn't have my credit card with me or I'd certainly have bought it. 90% as far as + SVO...dığı kadarıyla,...e göre 40% so far as + SVO...dığı kadarıyla,...e göre As far as unemployment's concerned, a change of government would be a good idea. 15% in particular zarf özellikle 100% especially zarf özellikle 100% particularly zarf özellikle 19% notably zarf özellikle They invited her to speak especially because of her experience in inner cities. 10% by far zarf gelmiş geçmiş, açık arayla Einstein is by far the greatest scientists of all time. 100% including + noun dahil Eight people, including two children, were injured in the explosion. 3% excluding + noun hariç 100% except for + noun hariç,...ın dışında,...den başka 10% except that + SVO hariç,...ın dışında,...den başka 3% excepting + noun hariç,...ın dışında,...den başka 31% with the exception of + noun hariç,...ın dışında,...den başka 13% other than + noun hariç,...ın dışında,...den başka 43% apart from + noun...den başka,...den gayri Everyone was there except for Sally. I like all kinds of films with the exception of horror films. 145

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 10% that is transition yani, başka bir deyişle 10% in other words transition yani, başka bir deyişle 10% namely transition yani, başka bir deyişle 5% that's to say transition yani, başka bir deyişle Our friends, that is to say our son's friends, will meet us at the airport. 23% regardless of + noun...e bakmayarak/umursamayarak 3% irrespective of + noun...i aldırmaksızın 60% no matter + noun her (olursa olsun) / (fark etmez) The plan for a new office tower went ahead regardless of local opposition. 100% just* zarf az önce, yeni They've just come back from Amsterdam. 100% already zarf zaten, çoktan I asked him to come to the exhibition but he'd already seen it. 100% yet* zarf henüz 10% as yet zarf henüz The details of the contract have not been settled yet. 100% so* zarf öyle, böyle "Do you think he's upset?" "I don't think so." 100% not* zarf öyle, böyle Do you think he's upset?" "I think not." 100% then* zarf o zaman, öyleyse You'll be selling your house, then? 15% on behalf of + noun...ın adına,...i temsilen 7% in the name of + noun...ın adına,...ın namına On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. 32% as a means of + noun aracı olarak widespread use of mobile phones as a means of communication 11% in the hope of/that +SVO / N ın umuduyla I didn't phone till four o'clock in the hope that you'd be finished 43% in terms of + noun açısından In terms of money, I was better off in my last job 100% once* zarf bir kez We have lunch together once a month. 1% inasmuch as + SVO...dığı için,...den dolayı Inasmuch as you are their commanding officer, you are responsible for the behaviour of these men. 60% any more zarf artık daha fazla 60% no more zarf artık daha fazla 60% any longer zarf artık, bundan sonra 60% no longer zarf artık, bundan sonra 146

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 I don't do yoga any more. I do yoga no more. 12% as for + noun...e gelince,...i sorarsanız 12% when it comes to + noun söz konusu olunca As for Louise, well, who cares what she thinks. 1% as such zarf aslında, esasında, başlı başına There wasn't much vegetarian food as such, although there were several different types of cheese. 1% the moment + SVO...er...mez 1% the instant + SVO...er...mez 1% the minute + SVO...er...mez 1% the second + SVO...er...mez 100% immediately + SVO...er...mez; derhal The moment I saw her, I understood something was wrong 4% on the brink of + noun...ın eşiğinde 4% on the edge of + noun...ın eşiğinde 5% on the verge of + noun...ın eşiğinde 1% on the eve of + noun...ın eşiğinde 3% at the point of + noun...ın eşiğinde Scientists are on the brink of a major new discovery. 100% how many zarf kaç tane (sayıyı sorar) 100% how much zarf ne kadar (miktarı/fiyatı sorar) 100% how long zarf ne kadar (süreyi sorar) 100% how far zarf ne kadar (mesafeyi sorar) 100% how often zarf ne kadar (sıklığı sorar) How long are you going to be in the bathroom? 4% given that + SVO...i düşünürsek Given that he s had six months to do this, he hasn't made much progress. 5% in view of + noun...den ötürü, göz önünde tutarak 54% considering + SVO / N düşünüldüğünde, düşünürsek Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly. 80% close to + noun...e yakın I hate people standing too close to me. 80% far from + noun...den uzak The situation is far from clear. 100% further zarf daha uzak, daha ileri; daha fazla If you have any further problems do let me know. 4% plus + noun artı 1% minus + noun eksi The rent will be 75 a week, plus gas and electricity. 147

3% for short zarf kısaca, özetle 3% in short zarf kısaca, özetle 53 19% shortly zarf kısaca, özetle 8% briefly zarf kısaca, özetle We chatted briefly about the weather. 54 5% assuming that + SVO farz edelim ki Even assuming that smokers do see the health warnings, I doubt they'll take any notice. 55 30% ahead of + noun...ın önünde,...ın ilerisinde Rick walked on ahead of us. 30% in the long/short run zarf uzun/kısa vadede 56 30% in the long/short term zarf uzun/kısa vadede Taking this decision will cost us more in the short term, but will be beneficial in the long term. 57 5% at this rate zarf bu gidişle, böyle giderse At this rate, we won't be home till midnight. 58 5% at any rate zarf hiç değilse, hiç olmazsa, en azından Well, I'm not going home on foot, at any rate. 59 8% in return zarf buna karşılık, karşılığında If you give him some money, he can do anything in return. 8% in return for + noun...e karşılık olarak 60 8% in exchange for + noun...ın karşılığında,...e karşılık olarak 8% in response to + noun...e cevaben,...e karşılık America helped the rebels in return for their promise to support democracy. 61 1% in turn zarf sırayla Each of us collects the mail in turn. 21% in search of + noun...ın peşinde 62 12% in pursuit of + noun...ın peşinde She was shot by a sniper when she went out in search of firewood. 1% by virtue of + noun...ın yüzünden,...den dolayı 63 1% by reason of + noun...ın yüzünden,...den dolayı He's always asked to these occasions by reason of his position. 64 16% in favour of + noun...ın lehine,...ın çıkarına The Council voted in favour of a 200 million housing development. 65 5% by the way zarf aklıma gelmişken, bu arada, haa I had a great time last night. By the way, who cooked the chicken? 66 5% above all zarf en önemlisi Above all, I'd like to thank my family. 67 25% after all zarf yine de (bir şeylere rağmen); ne de olsa I do like her - after all, she is my sister. 68 8% for sure zarf muhakkak, kesinlikle 148

I know for sure that I won't be able to go to the party. 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 15% in need of + noun...e muhtaç You just hope that the money goes to those who are most in need. 19% in opposition to + noun...e karşı olarak The unions are in opposition to the government over the issue of privatization. 5% in the manner of + noun...ın tarzında Her latest film is a suspense thriller very much in the manner of Hitchcock. 1% in the nick of time zarf son anda We got there just in the nick of time. 26% in this way zarf bu şekilde, böylece You must exercise regularly; only in this way you can lose weight. 100% of course zarf elbette, tabi ki "Can you help me?" "Of course." 1% in the face of + noun...in karşısında,...in huzurunda She left home in the face of strong opposition from her parents. 1% then again zarf üstelik, ayrıca I like to travel but, then again, I'm very fond of my home. 1% for all + noun...e rağmen For all her qualifications, she's still useless at the job. 1% by right of + noun yetkisiyle, hakkıyla She spoke first, by right of her position as director. 6% in the light of + noun...ın ışığında In the light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings. 3% for one thing zarf evvela, bir kere, önce "Why won't you come to New York with me?" "For one thing, I don't like flying, and for another, I can't afford it." 10% for the sake of + noun...in hatırı için Their parents only stayed together for the sake of the children. 5% on the basis of + noun...i temel alarak, e dayanarak Decisions were often made on the basis of incorrect information. 1% in the wake of + noun...ın ardından Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's bomb attacks. 149

BİRDEN FAZLA KULLANIM ALANI OLAN BAĞLAÇLAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 100% when + SVO...dığında,...dığı zaman,...ınca 93% whenever + SVO her ne zaman...se 100% when RC relative clauseda 100% when NC noun clauseda 100% while + SVO...iken 100% while + SVO...se de,...e rağmen, ama 100% while + SVO halbuki, oysa, ama,...iken 100% as + SVO...iken 100% as + SVO...dıkça 100% as + SVO dığı için 100% as + SVO / N gibi 100% as + noun olarak (preposition kullanımı) 100% just as + SVO tam...iken 100% just as (so) + SVO tıpkı gibi 100% (and) then transition (ve) daha sonra 100% then zarf o zaman, o anda 100% then zarf o zaman, öyleyse 100% once + SVO...den sonra,...dığında 100% once zarf bir zamanlar 100% once zarf bir kez 100% since + SVO / N...den beri,...den bu yana 100% ever since + SVO / N...den beri,...den bu yana 100% since + SVO...dığı için,...den dolayı, çünkü 100% still zarf hâlâ 100% still transition ama, fakat, ancak 100% if + SVO (eğer)...se 50% if + SVO (noun clause)...ıp...ıpmadığını 100% for transition çünkü 100% for + noun (süre)...dir 100% for + noun için (preposition olarak) 100% so transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 100% so zarf çok, öyle 100% so zarf de, da 100% so transition sonuç olarak, bu yüzden, dolayısıyla, bu sebeple 100% so zarf öyle, böyle 100% so that + SVO...mesi için,...sın diye 100% so that + SVO o kadar ki 150

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 100% but transition ama, fakat, ancak 5% but for + noun...sız,siz; olmazsa, olmasaydı 100% not but + SVO / N değil 100% however transition ancak 100% however + SVO her ne kadar olsa da 100% yet transition ama, fakat, ancak 100% yet zarf henüz 10% as yet zarf henüz 63% besides transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak 63% besides + noun...e ek olarak,...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca 100% also transition ve ayrıca, dahası, buna ek olarak 100% also zarf ayrıca, de, da 100% such zarf böyle, bu tür 100% such that + SVO o kadar ki 100% such as + noun gibi, mesela 100% too zarf (yapamayacak kadar) çok 100% too zarf de, da 100% about zarf yaklaşık 100% about + noun ile ilgili, ın hakkında,...e dair, hususunda 100% just zarf sadece, sırf 100% just zarf az önce, yeni 100% only zarf sadece, ancak 100% the only zarf tek 88% neither nor + SVO / N ne ne de 74% nor transition ne de 74% nor zarf de, da 100% either zarf de, da 98% either or + SVO / N ya ya da 100% rather than + noun...den ziyade 100% rather zarf oldukça 151

1. Emilio could not eat his desert ---- he had finished his dinner. A) until B) before C) as 2. ---- he claims that he is innocent, everyone knows he is guilty. A) While B) Now that C) In order that 3. ---- you're here, I'm going to tell you a secret. A) Whereas B) Now that C) In order that 4. ---- you like him personally, you have to agree that he's done a lot for the company. A) If only B) Rather than C) Whether or not 5. ---- I prefer to live in an apartment, my wife wants to buy a house. A) Until B) Whereas C) Because 6. ---- I had seen that movie three times, I watched it again. A) Although B) Whereas C) Unless 7. ---- you already know the answer, why are you asking me? A) Although B) Since C) Whereas 8. ---- you go to the beach, call your brother. A) Because B) Although C) Before 9. ---- giving the money to my sister, I gave it to my cousins. A) Though B) Rather than C) Whereas 10. ---- she calls me, I feel happy. A) Whenever B) Although C) While 11. ---- the test starts, you will not be able to talk. A) Whatever B) Once C) Because 12. ---- he worked hard all year long, he wasn t able to buy his father an expensive gift. A) Even though B) Since C) Because 13. ---- he didn t have much money, he wasn t able to buy his father an expensive gift. A) Although B) Because C) Even though 14. ---- he didn t have much money, he was still able to buy an expensive gift for his father. A) Although B) Unless C) As long as 152

15. ---- he works hard all year long, he won t be able to buy his father an expensive gift. A) Since B) Once C) Unless 16. ---- he worked hard all year long and was able to earn a lot of money, he bought his father a very expensive gift. A) Since B) Although C) Though 17. ---- spend a lot of money on a gift, he made a present for his father. A) Before B) Rather than C) If only 18. ---- he buys his father an expensive gift, he won t buy anything for himself. A) Until B) While C) When 19. ---- he was shopping for an expensive gift for his father, he realized he didn t have any money. A) While B) Unless C) Even if 20. ---- he bought an expensive gift for his father, he felt tremendous joy. A) Till B) Unless C) When 21. ---- he buys his father an expensive gift, he needs to make sure he has enough money. 22. I found ---- my homework ---- my textbook under my bed. A) both... and B) whether... or 23. I can t decide ---- I should take French next year ---- take Spanish. A) either... or B) whether... or 24. ---- my brother ---- my sister can go to the game. A) Whether... or B) Neither nor 25. ---- you clean your room ---- you will stay home this weekend. A) Either or B) Neither nor 26. Marissa found ---- the shoes she had lost ---- her favourite necklace. A) neither... nor B) not only... but also 27. ---- we go to San Francisco ---- New York for our holidays, I ll be happy. A) Whether or B) Either... or 28. ---- did she do well on the math test, ---- she got an A on her social studies report. A) Either or B) Not only... but also 29. ---- I can go to the movies on Saturday, - --- I can go to the mall. A) Either or B) Neither nor A) After B) Before C) Unless 153

30. Sorry, but I have ---- the money ---- the time to go shopping right now. A) neither nor B) either... or 31. If I buy that dress, ---- I ll have no lunch money ---- no bus fare for the month. A) neither... nor B) either or 32. ---- my stereo ---- my laptop quit working last week. A) Both and B) Whether... or 33. ---- Chelsea ---- Miranda made the basketball team, even though they practiced hard. A) Either or B) Neither nor 34. ---- did Marcus fail math this year, ---- English. A) Not only but also B) Both and 35. ---- being very rich, he never shows off., A) Other than B) Instead C) Despite D) Otherwise 36. I am not feeling well, ----- I will come to the party. A) because B) since C) however D) unless 37. ---- I had my lunch, I didn t miss Pizza. A) Although B) Finally C) Moreover D) Already 38. She never helps anyone ---- having a lot of money. A) otherwise B) in spite of C) however D) instead 39. You shouldn t go out ---- it s raining heavily. A) for B) because C) already D) but 40. My mother ---- I went to the market for shopping. A) or B) either C) neither D) and 41. Thomas was not telling the truth. ---- he was shouting at me. A) Provided B) Although C) Moreover D) In order to 42. Please come on time, ---- we may miss the flight. A) otherwise B) so C) therefore D) but 43. We should avoid oily food ---- be healthy. A) finally B) consequently C) in order to D) for 154

44. I will give you my car ---- you come back before 5 o clock. A) as B) although C) because D) provided 45. ---- my mother was sleeping, I prepared tea on my own. A) As B) Besides C) Unless D) Despite 46. He was satisfied ---- not overjoyed. A) yet B) as C) but D) still 47. ---- his sister, he is very naughty. A) Likely B) Unlike C) Similar D) Differently 48. After months of studying hard, Meeta --- - cleared IAS examination. A) initially B) consequently C) therefore D) finally 49. ---- it is very cold there, we have postponed our visit. A) Since B) Due to C) Yet D) Because of 50. Radha knows French; ----, we have selected her to head our operations in France. A) therefore B) moreover C) otherwise D) provided 51. Mohan worked very sincerely and was - --- promoted. A) although B) besides C) consequently 52. ---- my family, I will also invite my close friends on my anniversary. A) Besides B) Despite C) In spite of 53. I will never go to that restaurant again -- -- I live. A) if B) as long as C) when 54. ---- Jose needs help, he calls his two brothers. A) Because B) However C) Whenever 55. ---- Sheldon works for the post office, he never works Sundays. A) Because B) Once C) For example 56. I would rather read a book ---- watch a stupid television program. A) in order to B) than C) though 155

57. ---- Roger goes to Miami, he will buy a new bathing suit. A) Unless B) Although C) Before 58. ---- travellers have time to pass through security, it is recommended that they arrive two hours before their flight. A) So as to B) In order that C) In case 59. I will not go out with you ---- you promise not to smoke. A) after B) since C) unless 60. ---- Maria is an avid jogger, her sister Julia prefers just to sit on the couch. A) Just as B) While C) Until 61. Bill will not pay $500 for a suit ---- he can certainly afford it. A) though B) because C) thus 62. ---- Juan is a very hard worker, his brother Luis is very lazy. A) Just as B) Whereas C) Similarly 63. ---- Samantha moved to Boston, she has been very happy. A) When B) If C) Since 64. I have prepared a summary chart ---- you can understand conjunctions better. A) so that B) as of C) in case 65. ---- he was driving to work yesterday, Jason got a ticket for speeding. A) Despite B) As C) Unless 66. ---- you had called me, I could have helped you. A) Once B) If only C) After 67. ---- Henry has a job, he can pay his share of the rent. A) Now that B) Although C) As long as 68. David walks around ---- he is the president of the company. A) therefore B) just as C) as if 69. Mr. Horner thought the plan was dangerous; he agreed, ----, to join the group of rescue workers. A) however B) already C) just as 70. The man s fingerprints were found on the buried murder weapon; ----, the suspect s own dog dug it up. A) but B) as C) furthermore 156

71. I would not see that movie ---- you gave me $100. A) that B) even if C) so 72. ---- it is raining so hard, the game was cancelled. A) Though B) Provided C) Because 73. ---- Sam was driving to school yesterday, he saw an accident. A) After B) Before C) While 74. I will love you ---- the end of time. A) until B) when C) since 75. ---- he is the manager s son, he might still be fired because his work is so bad. A) As B) Even though C) Because 76. ---- you need help, just call me. A) As far as B) Though C) If 77. ---- Hank gets settled in, we will visit him. A) Such as B) So that C) Once 78. I would like to drive ---- take the bus. A) in order to B) rather than C) so that 79. I cannot go to that expensive restaurant ---- you pay. A) in case B) whereby C) unless 80. Leslie always drinks a cup of hot chocolate to relax her ---- she goes to sleep. A) before B) whereas C) prior to 81. Jane didn't want to fail the test; ----, she studied many hours. A) therefore B) however C) because 82. Cathy wanted to go to a movie; ----, the rest of the family wanted to stay home and watch television. A) when B) if C) however 83. Children must get their polio vaccines; - ---, they may have the crippling disease. A) rather B) otherwise C) for example 84. The quarterback refused to practice; ----, the team lost the game. A) therefore B) unless C) because 85. The desert is a natural environment for the ostrich, ---- it becomes a comfortable home for this bird. A) while B) yet C) and 157

86. She washed the sheets and towel; ----, she scrubbed the bathroom floor. A) for instance B) moreover C) other than 87. Tim had not read his assignment; ----, he did not want the teacher to call on him. A) thus B) or C) by the time 88. ---- in the classroom, you need to keep your voice down. A) While B) During C) But 89. The python is a desert dweller ---- it is suited to the climate. A) when B) as if C) because 90. For several years, the South could not be beaten, ---- would it surrender. A) and B) nor C) but 91. Henry went to the shop ---- buy some tomatoes. A) rather than B) in order to C) as to 92. ---- being a well-known politician, John Smith can also play the piano very well. A) Besides B) Despite C) Just as 93. ---- being the better team, we lost the match. A) Although B) However C) Despite 94. ---- his injury, the boy desperately wanted to play for his team in the finals. A) As well as B) Despite C) Although 95. ---- Dad comes home from work he lies down on the sofa because he is tired. A) Unless B) Afterwards C) When 96. Honda makes cars ---- motorcycles. A) in spite of B) during C) as well as 97. Dr. Jerome was outspoken and brutally frank; ----, he had few friends. A) therefore B) however C) yet 98. ---- their species, camels have either one hump or two. A) By way of B) Following C) Depending on 99. I will stay with you ---- hell freezes over. A) while B) as C) till 100. My new puppy follows ---- I go. A) however B) wherever C) as 158