Asian Bodywork Therapy (ABT) Body of Knowledge

Asian Bodywork Therapy (ABT) Body of Knowledge Compiled on behalf of the ABT profession by the American Organization for Bodywork Therapies of Asia (AOBTA ) Created through the years since 1989 by AOBTA member volunteers

Table of Contents 1. What is Asian Bodywork Therapy? Page # 3 2. Professional Standards Page # 4 a. AOBTA Code of Ethics b. Education 1. 500 hour model curricula 2. requirements c. Membership requirements d. ABT Scope of Practice e. Form descriptions 3. Supporting Resources Page # 14 a. NOCA b. NCCAOM A. Certification/Recertification B. Job Task Analysis C. Exams, outlines, study guides c. US Dept of Education: definitions d. COMTA: accreditation/reaccreditation e. Differences between ABT/MT f. Regulation and Licensure g. AOBTA Regulatory Position Statement A. ABT-Inclusive Bills Title, Education and Exam B. Massage-Only or Acupuncture-Only Bills C. Practice of ABT by Non-Certified Individuals D. Coalitions 1

4. Additional Resources Page # 22 a. AOBTA website b. Member Surveys c. AOBTA Pulse (member newsmagazine) A. link B. general content d. The Federation of Therapeutic Massage, Bodywork and Somatic Practice Organizations e. The Council for Healing f. Worldwide Professional ABT Organizations 5. Professional Concerns and Considerations Page # 25 a. Maintaining good conditions for ABT to flourish b. Keeping training standards high c. Maintaining the healing paradigm of ABT d. Clarifying and protecting ABT terminology e. Maintaining the high quality of the ABT profession f. Having healthy relationships with other groups Contact Information: AOBTA National Office 1010 Haddonfield-Berlin Road, Suite 408 Voorhees, NJ 08043-3514 Phone: 856-782-1616 Fax: 856-782-1653 AOBTA Email: office@aobta.org 2

1. What is Asian Bodywork Therapy? Asian Bodywork Therapy (ABT) is the treatment of the human body/mind/spirit, including the electromagnetic or energetic field, which surrounds, infuses and brings that body to life, by pressure and/or manipulation. (www.aobta.org) Asian Bodywork Therapy is based on Chinese medical principles for assessing and evaluating the energetic system. It uses traditional Asian techniques and treatment strategies to primarily affect and balance the energetic system for the purpose of treating the human body, emotions, mind, energy field and spirit for the promotion, maintenance and restoration of health. ABT has perhaps existed longer than acupuncture and herbal medicine, yet has come to be a recognized form of Chinese medicine only recently in the United States. 3

2. Professional Standards a. AOBTA Code of Ethics 1. Social/Ecological Concern Members recognize their intrinsic involvement in the total community of life on the planet Earth. 2. Professional Conduct AOBTA members conduct themselves in a professional and ethical manner, performing only those services for which they are qualified, and represent their education, certification, professional affiliations, and other qualifications honestly. They do not in any way profess to practice medicine or psychotherapy, unless licensed by their State or Country to do so. 3. Health History and Referrals AOBTA members keep accurate client records, including profiles of the body/mind health history. They discuss any problem areas that may contraindicate use of Asian bodywork techniques, and refer clients to appropriate medical professionals when indicated. 4. Professional Appearance AOBTA members pay close attention to cleanliness and professional appearance of self and clothing, of linens and equipment, and of the office environment in general. They endeavor to provide a relaxing atmosphere, giving attention to reasonable scheduling and clarity about fees. 5. Communication and Confidentiality AOBTA members maintain clear and honest communications with their clients, and keep all information, whether medical or personal, strictly confidential. They clearly disclose techniques used, appropriately identifying each in the scope of their professional practice. 6. Intention and Trust AOBTA members are encouraged to establish and maintain trust in the client relationship and to establish clear boundaries and an atmosphere of safety. 7. Respect of Clients AOBTA members respect the client s physical/emotional state and do not abuse clients through actions, words, or silence, nor take advantage of the therapeutic relationship. They, in no way, participate in sexual activity with a client. They consider the client s comfort zone for touch and for degree of pressure, and honor the client s requests as much as possible within personal, professional, and ethical limits. They acknowledge the inherent worth and individuality of each person and therefore do not unjustly discriminate against clients or colleagues. 4

8. Professional Integrity AOBTA members present Asian Bodywork in a professional and compassionate manner representing themselves and their practice accurately and ethically. They do not give fraudulent information, nor misrepresent AOBTA or themselves to students or clients, nor act in a manner derogatory to the nature and positive intention of AOBTA. They conduct their business honestly. 9. Professional Courtesy AOBTA members respect the standards set by the various AOBTA modalities, and they respect service marks, trademarks, and copyright laws. Professional courtesy includes respecting all ethical professionals in speech, writing, or otherwise, and communicating clearly with others. 10. Professional Excellence AOBTA members strive for professional excellence through regular assessment of personal and professional strengths and weaknesses, and by continued education and training. b. Education: Model Curricula 500 Hour Curriculum Overview 160 Hours Asian Bodywork Therapy technique and practice (Up to 10 Hours may be for treatments received from an AOBTA certified member). 100 Hours Chinese medical theory 70 Hours Observed clinical practice 100 Hours Western anatomy & physiology 70 Hours Other, such as Tai Chi, Qigong, or continuing education. (This must include First Aid, CPR and business, legal, and ethical considerations.) 5

500 Hour Curriculum Certified Practitioner Level ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (100 hours minimum) I. Osteology (Nomenclature, structure and function of the skeletal system (15 hrs. minimum) II. Myology (Structure and function of the muscular system, including origins and insertions) (30 hrs. minimum) III. Structure and function of the other major systems A. Integumentary B. Digestive C. Neurological D Respiratory E Cardiovascular F Lymphatic G Urinary and Reproductive H Endocrine CHINESE MEDICAL THEORY (100 hours minimum) I. General Theory A. Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine B. Basic Cosmology 1. Qi: Definitions, functions 2. Concepts of Tao, Qi, Yin/Yang, 10,000 things 3. Five elements C. Comparison of Eastern & Western medicine: including the basic concepts of disease and treatment in each. II. Yin/Yang A. Concepts of Yin/Yang-properties and principles B. Yin/Yang relationships C. Yin/Yang imbalances in the body III. Five Elements (Five Transformations) A. Description, historical basis and context within Chinese Philosophy B. Laws of the five elements (cycles) C. Five elements related to the body D. Correspondences IV. Fundamental Substances of the body (descriptions, functions and relationships among them) A. Qi (Ki) B. Blood (Xue) 6

C. Jing (Essence) D. Shen (Spirit) E. Fluids V. The Organs Visceral Manifestation Theory (functions, description and typical signs of imbalance of disturbed functions) A. The five Zang (Yin) organs (viscera) plus the pericardium B. The six Fu (Yang) organs (bowels) including Triple Warmer theory C. The Curious organs (Brain, Uterus, Gall Bladder, etc.) VI. Channels and Effective Points (30 hrs. minimum) A. Twelve regular channels (external/superficial and internal/deep) 1. Description 2. Function and relationship with organs 3. Paired relationships, including the significance of their 6 division relationship 4. Order and direction of circulation (24 hour cycle) 5. Anatomical location 6. Main pathological signs B. Eight Extraordinary Vessels 1. Description 2. Function 3. Anatomical location 4. Main pathological signs C. Tendino-Muscular Pathways or Channels D. Cutaneous Regions E. Effective Points 1. General description 2. Anatomical location and main indications a. Twelve general points (LI 4, ST 36, SP 6, SI 10, BL40/54, GB20, GB 21, GB 30, LV 3, CV 4, CV 17, GV 20) b. Tonification and sedation points c. Source points (Yuan points) d. Lou connecting points e. Front Mu (Bo or Alarm points) f. Back Shu (Yu or Associated points) g. Beginning and Ending points VII. Evaluation the four examinations A. Looking (observation) 1. Spirit 2. Complexion 3. Body appearance 4. Tongue B. Listening/smell 7

C. Asking D. Palpating (touching) 1. Pulse 2. Hara 3. Channels and points 4. Mu and Shu Points VIII. Pathology causes and patterns of disease or imbalance A. Etiology cause of the imbalance 1. Exogenous causes the six exogenic pathogens 2. Endogenous causes the seven emotions 3. Other causes infections, injury and lifestyle B. Patterns of imbalances and assessment 1. The Eight Principles 2. Zang-Fu Organ patterns 3. The Six Channels (divisions) 4. The General Theory of Channels 5. The Five Elements 6. The Four Levels (Defense, Qi, Nutritive, Blood) 7. The Three Heaters DISCIPLINE TECHNIQUE & PRACTICE (160 hrs. minimum) I. Technique Lecture and Demonstration A. Definition and history of modality B. Theory relative to modality including effects on major body systems C. Contraindications and potentially harmful techniques (cautions) D. Principles of manipulations E. Full body treatment F. Passive and active exercises II. Treatment oriented application Lecture and Demonstration A. Assessment and evaluation B. Integration of techniques focused upon pathologies likely to be treated by practitioners III. Classroom practice (80 hrs. minimum) This is supervised practice performed on other students and instructors IV. Sessions received from a Certified Instructor in the discipline being studied (10 hrs. optional) CLINICAL APPLICATION (70 Hours) I. Supervised Clinical Practice A. Students will have the opportunity to integrate all of their training and practice in providing sessions for the general public in a supervised atmosphere. 1. A professional environment will be maintained at all times 8

2. There will be constant, qualified supervision at all times 3. During a client s first visit, a complete case history will be taken 4. Session summaries will be written after each patient s visit 5. Rounds will be regularly held so that students can share their sessions, interesting aspects, problems and successes with their peers II. During the program each student will be required to give at least 50 logged sessions OTHER (70 Hours) I. Other topics relative to the practice of Asian Bodywork Therapy at the discretion of the teacher. A survey of other Asian Bodywork Therapies is recommended. II. Somewhere in the program, business, legal considerations and ethics must be covered. III. All students must have completed a First Aid and CPR course. Note: The above is intended for entry level to the ABT Profession. AOBTA membership categories such as Registered Instructor and Certified Instructor require more experience and training. c. Membership Requirements www.aobta.org d. ABT Scope of Practice: Methods of assessment and evaluation may include the Chinese Four Pillars of examination: observation, listening, asking and touching. Assessments are based primarily on Chinese Medicine parameters relating to the balance and circulation of the Five Essential Substances: Qi, Jing, Shen, Xue, Jin-ye. ABT is one of the three branches of Chinese Medicine in which the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) certified people for entry level into the profession (this certification no longer available after January 2013). Treatment may include, but is not limited to the following: touching, pressing or holding of the body along meridians and/or on acupoints primarily with the hands, stretching, external application of medicinal plants or foods, heat or cold, and dietary or exercise suggestions. Cupping, guasha, moxibustion, and other methods/modalities may also be used by properly trained practitioners. 9

f. ABT Forms: The AOBTA uses the term "Form" to differentiate different kinds of Asian Bodywork Therapy, which we have been able to identify as specific and distinct. All Forms that are defined here originally had their roots in Chinese Medicine. Over the centuries practitioners in China, Japan, Thailand, Korea and more recently, North America and Europe have changed and evolved these forms into separate and distinct modalities. The AOBTA accepts all forms of Asian Bodywork Therapy that meet our professional curriculum standards. Many of our members may simply identify themselves as practicing Shiatsu, Amma, or Medical Qigong, which are foundational forms of Asian Bodywork Therapy. Since these forms vary so much depending on the lineage, it is difficult finding one definition that is applicable to all. Practitioners create their own style definition of themselves and their work as it accurately applies to them, derived from the recognized forms. Under the Asian Bodywork Therapy umbrella, there are many Forms (modalities) that are specific and distinct entities, including, but not limited to: Acupressure Acupressure is a system of balancing the body's energy by applying pressure to specific acupoints to release tension and increase circulation. The many handson methods of stimulating the acupressure points can strengthen weaknesses, relieve common ailments, prevent health disorders and restore the body's vital life force. Amma Amma; Derived from "Anma" in China, classic Korean Asian bodywork is called Amma. The name Am-ma literally translates to push-pull. Amma is a specialized form of skilled (somatic) touch therapy that combines deep tissue bodywork with the application of pressure, friction, and touch to specific acupoints, superficial primary and tendino-muscle energy channels, muscles, ligaments, and joints. It is rooted in the fundamental principles of Chinese Medical Theory, focusing on the balance and movement of Qi (energy) within the body. The techniques of Amma aim to remove blockages and free the flow of Qi in the body restoring, promoting, and maintaining optimum health. Amma practitioners are also trained the principles of wholistic nutrition and eastern dietary principles. AMMA Therapy AMMA Therapy is a highly refined and complex system of bodywork therapy utilizing techniques and treatment strategies combining the use of Chinese Medical Theory principles for assessing and evaluating general imbalances in the energetic system and a Western approach to organ dysfunctions. AMMA 10

Therapy restores, promotes and maintains optimum health through the treatment of the physical body, the bio-energy, and the emotions, which reflect and are bound into the neuromuscular system. AMMA Therapy has proven to be an effective healing modality used to treat a wide range of medical conditions. The treatment includes the use of dietary therapy, herbs, nutritional supplements, and the external application of herbal preparations. This method was created by Tina Sohn. Chi Nei Tsang Chi Nei Tsang is an entire system of Chinese deep healing that makes use of the energy flow of the five major systems in the body: vascular, lymphatic, nervous, tendon/muscle, and acupuncture meridians. With this practice one is able to increase the energy flow to specific organs through "massaging" a series of points in the navel area. Chi Nei Tsang frees the energy blockages in the navel and then guides the healing light energy into other parts of the body. Chi Nei Tsang was brought to America by Master Mantak Chia. Five Element Shiatsu The primary emphasis of Five Element Shiatsu is to identify a pattern of disharmony through use of the four pillars of examinations and to harmonize that pattern with an appropriate treatment plan. Hands-on techniques and preferences for assessment varies with the practitioner, depending on their individual background and training. The radial pulse usually provides the most critical and detailed information. Palpation of the back and/or abdomen and a detailed verbal history serve to confirm the assessment. Considerations of the client's lifestyle, emotional, and psychological factors are all considered important. Although this approach uses the paradigm of the five elements to tonify, sedate, or control patterns of disharmony, practitioners of this style also consider hot or cold and internal or external symptoms and signs. Integrative Eclectic Shiatsu Integrative Eclectic Shiatsu utilizes Japanese Shiatsu techniques, Chinese Medical Theory and Western methods of soft tissue manipulation. Dietary and herbal methods are also included to create a comprehensive integrated treatment method. Japanese Shiatsu Shiatsu literally means finger (Shi) pressure (Atsu) and although Shiatsu is primarily pressure, usually applied with the thumbs along the meridian lines, extensive soft tissue manipulation and both active and passive exercise and stretching may be part of the treatments. Extensive use of cutaneovisceral reflexes in the abdomen and on the back are also characteristics of Shiatsu. The emphasis of Shiatsu is the treatment of the whole meridian; however, effective 11

points are also used. The therapist assesses the condition of the patient's body as treatment progresses. Therapy and diagnosis are one. Jin Shin Do Bodymind Acupressure Jin Shin Do combines gentle yet deep finger pressure on acupoints with simple body focusing techniques to help release physical and emotional tension. It promotes a pleasurable trance state during which the recipients can get in touch with their body and access feelings or emotions related to their physical condition. This body-mind approach is a unique synthesis of a traditional Japanese acupressure technique, classical Chinese acupuncture theory, Taoist philosophy, breathing methods, and Reichian segmental theory. Jin Shin Do Bodymind Acupressure was developed by Iona Marsaa Teeguarden, Psychotherapist. Jin Shou Tuina Jin Shou Tuina is the method of tuina practiced and taught by the North American Tang Shou Tao Association (NATSTA). Diagnosis and treatment are based in the tenets of Traditional Chinese medicine. Manual therapy techniques range from very soft energetic work, to deep and vigorous manipulation to appropriately affect soft tissue, structural alignment and the meridian systems. Adjunctive therapies such as moxibustion, cupping and external herbal applications are also utilized as needed. Jin Shou Tuina developed out of the internal martial art traditions of China and personal development through commitment to gong fu physical culture is seen as fundamental to the process of becoming an adept practitioner. Macrobiotic Shiatsu Founded by Shizuko Yamamoto and based on George Ohsawa's philosophy that each individual is an integral part of nature, Macrobiotic Shiatsu supports a natural lifestyle and heightened instincts for improving health. Assessments are through visual, verbal, and touch techniques (including pulses) and the Five Transformations. Treatment involves non-invasive touch and pressure using hand and barefoot techniques and stretches to facilitate the flow of Qi and to strengthen the bodymind. Dietary guidance, medicinal plant foods, breathing techniques and home remedies are emphasized. Corrective exercises, postural rebalancing, palm healing, self-shiatsu, and Qigong are included in Macrobiotic Shiatsu. Medical Qigong Medical Qigong, an ancient branch of Chinese Medicine, has existed for several thousand years. Like Acupuncture and Tuina therapies, Medical Qigong is based on meridian and point theory, as well as ancient Chinese philosophy. Medical Qigong refers to a wide series of therapeutic methods, including but not limited 12

to: breath training, psychosomatic exercises, meditation, and guided visualization that direct the practitioners to create a place of health and balance in their clients. Medical Qigong practitioners are trained in Qi transference and replenishment to be used as a healing art different from self-qigong exercises taught for personal use. Nuad Bo 'Rarn (Traditional Thai Bodywork) Nuad Bo Rarn is the traditional Thai medical bodywork form. Thai bodywork is based upon an integration of Indian Buddhist medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Thai bodywork utilizes hand techniques and a unique approach to passive movement and stretching in order to open up the veins or energy passages and release chronic tension from the body. Nuad Bo Rarn incorporates a spiritual dimension in its gentle and focused approach to ABT. Shiatsu Anma Therapy Shiatsu Anma Therapy utilizes a unique blending of two of the most popular Asian bodywork forms practiced in Japan. Dr. Kaneko introduces traditional Anma Therapy based on the energetic systems of Traditional Chinese Medicine in long form and contemporary pressure therapy which is based on neuromusculoskeletal system in short form. Ampuku, abdominal bodywork therapy, is another foundation in his school. Tuina Tuina is a method of Chinese bodywork characterized by the smooth gliding or rolling movements of the hands and arms. Through Tui (push) and na (grasp), kneading, pressing, rolling, shaking, and stretching of the body, acupoints are opened and qi flow is realigned in the musculo-tendon meridians. Tuina techniques are used to treat a wide variety of musculoskeletal and internal organ disorders by opening stagnant meridian channels and encouraging the flow of qi into deficient areas. Tuina utilizes Chinese Medical theory in assessing energetic and functional disorders. In addition, the use of external herbal medicines and therapeutic exercise is also included. Zen Shiatsu Zen Shiatsu is characterized by the theory of Kyo-Jitsu, its physical and psychological manifestations, and its application to abdominal (Hara) diagnosis. Zen Shiatsu theory is based on an extended meridian system that includes, as well as expands, the location of the traditional acupuncture meridians. The focus of a Zen Shiatsu session is on the use of meridian lines rather than on specific points. In addition, Zen Shiatsu does not adhere to a fixed sequence or set of methods that are applied to all similar client needs. It utilizes appropriate methods for the unique pattern of each individual. Zen Shiatsu was developed by Shizuto Masunaga. 13

3. Supporting Resources a. ICE The Institute for Credentialing Excellence: AOBTA is a member of ICE and has verified that the organization offers an assessment-based certification for professional level membership, with additional requirements for registered and certified instructor levels. b. NCCAOM National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine: Certification/recertification The National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) developed the first national board certification program in Asian Bodywork Therapy in 1996. The NCCAOM developed this third certification program in response to requests from the profession. NCCAOM Certification in Asian Bodywork Therapy (ABT) was offered in 1996 through a Credential & Document Review process. CDR for certification in Asian Bodywork Therapy closed in December 1997. The first Comprehensive Written Examination in ABT was given in October 2000. NCCAOM holds regular Job Task Analysis surveys for the ABT profession (one currently in progress), and is itself nationally accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). Retirement of the NCCAOM Diplomate of Asian Bodywork Therapy (NCCAOM) credential: The Dipl. ABT (NCCAOM) credential was retired after January 2013. NCCAOM will continue to maintain the credential for those that previously earned it. 14

c. US Department of Education, definitions: Classification of Instructional Programs: 2000 Edition Published April 2002 To view the entire document, go to: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002165.pdf 51.35 Somatic Bodywork and Related Therapeutic Services. (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3501 51.3599. 51.3501 Massage Therapy/Therapeutic Massage. A program that prepares individuals to provide relief and improved health and well-being to clients through the application of manual techniques for manipulating skin, muscles, and connective tissues. Includes instruction in Western (Swedish) massage; sports massage; myotherapy/trigger point massage; myofascial release; deep tissue massage; cranio-sacral therapy; reflexology; massage safety and emergency management; client counseling; practice management; applicable regulations; and professional standards and ethics. (Moved from 12.0405) 51.3502 Asian Bodywork Therapy. (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide relief and improved health and well-being based on Chinese medical principles through one or more of the traditional bodywork therapies of Asia. Includes instruction in acupressure, AMMA Therapy, Chi Nei Tsang, Five Element Shiatsu, Integrative Eclectic Shiatsu, Japanese Shiatsu, Jin Shin Do Bodymind Acupressure, Macrobiotic Shiatsu, Anma Therapy, Thai massage, Tui na, Zen Shiatsu, Qigong, Okazaki Restorative Massage, principles of Western and Chinese medicine, patient counseling and observation, practice management, applicable regulations, and professional standards and ethics. 51.3503 Somatic Bodywork. (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to promote physical and emotional balance and well-being through the application of skilled touch principles and techniques. Includes instruction in therapeutic massage and other hands-on touch methods; anatomy and physiology; structural/functional integration and various holistic health systems (Rolfing/Structural Integration, colon hydrotherapy, Breema, Hellerwork, lymphatic drainage, Rosen Method, hydrotherapy, and others); client counseling, practice management, and applicable regulations and professional standards. 51.3599 Somatic Bodywork and Related Therapeutic Services, Other. (NEW) Any instructional program in somatic bodywork and related therapeutic services not listed above. 15

51.36 Movement and Mind-Body Therapies and Education. (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3601 51.3699. 51.3601 Movement Therapy and Movement Education. A program that prepares individuals to use functional and expressive integration strategies to help promote somatic awareness and optimal psychophysical functioning. Includes instruction in skilled touch techniques, kinesthetic awareness processes, movement observation, patterning, client assessment and guidance, verbal and nonverbal communication, practice management, professional standards and ethics, and specific therapeutic and educational modalities (Alexander Technique, Aston Patterning, Body-Mind Centering, Feldenkrais Method, Laban Movement Analysis, Trager Approach, and others). (Moved from 51.2304) ----- Dance Therapy/Therapist. (Report under 51.2302) 51.3602 Yoga Teacher Training/Yoga Therapy. (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to function as professional instructors in the spiritual and physical therapy of Yoga in private, institutional, and clinical settings, Includes instruction in the principles of Ayurveda, philosophy of Yoga, warm-up and progressive exercises, breathing exercises, meditation, Yamas and Niyamas, instructional techniques, posture adjustment, student/client counseling and assessment, advanced Yoga disciplines and styles, business practices, and professional standards and ethics. 51.3603 Hypnotherapy/Hypnotherapist. A program that prepares individuals to employ the controlled inducement of altered states of consciousness, or trance, to reduce pain, resolve emotional conflicts, and enhance communications as part of diagnostic and treatment programs. Includes instruction in the principles of hypnosis and suggestion, induction and deepening, post-hypnotic suggestion, awakening techniques, regression, pacing and leading, resistance transformation, client testing and management, practice management and regulation, and professional standards and ethics. (Moved from 51.2303) 51.3699 Movement and Mind-Body Therapies and Education, Other. (NEW) Any instructional program in movement and mind-body therapies not listed above. 51.37 Energy and Biologically Based Therapies. (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3701 51.3799. 16

51.3701 Aromatherapy. (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide therapeutic care through the preparation and application of extracted essential oils from plants, including flowers (botanicals), roots, berries, and bark. Includes instruction in aromatherapy history and theory, basic physiology of absorption, aromachemistry, organic chemistry, botanical taxonomy, carrier oils, essential oils, extraction methods, blending techniques, application methods, safety, client consultation and treatment planning, business management, professional standards and ethics, and applicable regulations. 51.3702 Herbalism/Herbalist. (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to utilize the materia medica and clinical practices of Western, Native American, African, Australasian, and other herbal medicine traditions to prevent and cure illness and temporary physical disorders. Includes instruction in basic anatomy, physiology, pathology, and toxicology; nutrition; terminology and materia medica; therapeutic herbalism; herbal pharmacy; botanicals and ethnobotany; wildcrafting and harvesting; labeling and dispensing phytotherapy; counterindications; practice management; consultation skills; and professional standards and ethics. 51.3703 Polarity Therapy. (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to promote health and well-being through application of the integrative therapeutic system based on the Human Energy Field theory developed by Randolph Stone. Includes instruction in polarity theory and principles, energy-based and orthodox anatomy and physiology, polarity processing, polarity bodywork, polarity yoga, energetic nutrition, energetic evaluation and assessment, client communication, practice management, and professional standards and ethics. 51.3704 Reiki. (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to promote physical, emotional, and spiritual balance and healing through the manipulation of the body s energy field to increase healing energy. Includes instruction in the history and philosophy of Usui Reiki, attunement, empowerment, self treatment, direct and distance healing techniques, healing symbols, aura clearing, Reiki editation, practice management, and related Reiki systems such as Lightarian, Urevia, and Magnified Healing. 51.3799 Energy and Biologically Based Therapies, Other. (NEW) Any instructional program in alternative, complementary, and somatic health and therapeutic services not listed above (bioenergetics, cranio-sacral therapy, Therapeutic Touch, Qi Gong, and others). 17

d. COMTA - The Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation: COMTA is currently the only accrediting agency that accredits ABT programs, though the Accrediting Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM) has said they could accredit such programs. AOBTA works with COMTA to insure quality standards are maintained. e. Differences in ABT and MT: Over the years the AOBTA has created many packets of information outlining the differences between ABT and MT including this document, for the edification of our colleagues in other professions. f. Regulation and Licensure: The Federation of Therapeutic Massage, Bodywork and Somatic Practice Organizations Legislative Packet is available at: http://www.federationmbs.org/legislation.html ABT licensing is a state-by-state process, of course. There are no stand-alone ABT licensure laws at this time. In many states with older laws, ABT is incorrectly regulated under Massage Therapy. Ideally, ABT is exempt from MT laws. Some states include ABT under Bodywork in their Massage and Bodywork laws, which is fine as long as ABT education and exam are honored as part of the regulatory requirements and ABTs have a seat on the board. g. The current AOBTA Regulatory Position Statement: AOBTA REGULATORY POSITION: In the public interest, AOBTA supports regulations that allow professional somatic organizations to set appropriate educational and professional standards for their members. AOBTA supports the regulation of Asian Bodywork Therapy, separate from Massage Therapy, in regions where its members feel they would benefit from such regulation. AOBTA opposes efforts to require ABTs to be regulated, certified, registered or licensed as Massage Therapists. ABT is a separate profession with its own training and credentialing. ABT is a branch of Chinese medicine, along with acupuncture and herbology. AOBTA supports acupuncture regulations that specify that a licensed acupuncturist must also be trained to national ABT standards to claim expertise in ABT. Acupuncturists who integrate ABT techniques into their practice without such training are not certified in ABT. AOBTA affirms that Asian Bodywork 18

Therapists must be able to practice ABT without being required to be trained and/or licensed as acupuncturists. A. ABT-Inclusive Bills Title, Education and Exam Massage Therapy and Asian Bodywork Therapy are separate professions. Regulating them as one profession, or referring to or describing ABT as massage is inaccurate and confusing to the public. In situations where ABT Forms are to be regulated by law, Asian Bodywork Therapy must be identified in the title of the regulatory bill. (e.g., Asian Bodywork Therapy; or Massage Therapy and Asian Bodywork Therapy) When a regulatory bill includes more than one somatic profession, ABT requires a separate section with the definition and scope for ABT clearly illustrating the separate, but equal status of ABT from Massage Therapy and other professions. Requirements specific to ABT training and testing (if mandatory) must be specified in the statutes. AOBTA rejects training and/or testing prerequisites that are not pertinent to the practice of ABT. Western massage training is neither essential nor relevant to the proficient, competent and safe practice of ABT Forms. The United States Department of Education lists distinctly separate definitions for Asian Bodywork Therapy (item #51.3502) and Massage Therapy (item #51.3501), and this distinction must be honored and recognized. For US DOE definitions, see page 369 at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002165.pdf In situations where ABT forms are to be regulated by legislation pertaining to Chinese medicine along with acupuncture and/or herbs, each of the three branches of Chinese medicine must be defined separately, and with regard to ABT, requirements specific to ABT training, testing and certification must be clearly specified in statute. AOBTA rejects training and/or testing requirements that are not pertinent to the practice of ABT. Acupuncture training is not required for the proficient, competent and safe practice of ABT Forms. AOBTA supports and affirms for all ABTs the educational requirements developed by AOBTA and adopted by the NCCAOM (National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine). In situations where an exam is a required step towards regulation, AOBTA affirms that the national ABT certification exam developed and administered by the NCCAOM (National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine) is the only NCCA-accredited exam that adequately assesses the skill and knowledge-base for the ABT profession. 19

B. Massage-Only or Acupuncture-Only Bills In cases where a Massage only regulation is being proposed, in which ABT Forms are not to be regulated, it is important that the Massage definition and scope of practice be drafted specifically for the practice of Massage. In situations where the Massage definition and scope are so broad that they could be interpreted to encompass the practice of any ABT Form, AOBTA supports the Suggested Energy Practices Exemption Clause listed in Section III of the Federation s Legislative Packet, with the addition of specifically naming specific ABT practices as exempt within the statute. In Acupuncture-only regulations, ABTs must be free to continue their ABT practice without being required to obtain an Acupuncture license. In those instances where Acupuncture regulations list Tuina, Medical Qigong, Shiatsu, Thai or other forms of ABT in the scope of practice, a distinction needs to be made between Acupuncturists who integrate certain ABT techniques into their practice, and Acupuncturists who are fully trained in ABT to national standards as established by the AOBTA 500-hour curriculum and NCCAOM ABT exam. ABT is a branch of Chinese Medicine, but not an automatic part of Acupuncture unless the Acupuncturist s ABT training is up to national standards. An Acupuncture license does not automatically entitle the Acupuncturist to claim expertise in ABT unless he/she has been trained to national ABT standards. C. Practice of ABT by Non-Certified Individuals AOBTA supports truth in advertising to protect the well-being of the client/patient by requiring that practitioners meet the specific training standards of AOBTA and NCCAOM in order to advertise and practice ABT techniques. Ethically, Massage Therapists or other somatic professionals who incorporate ABT techniques (e.g., Shiatsu, Acupressure, Thai, etc.) into their work are not to advertise ABT as part of their practice unless they are fully trained in Chinese medical theory standards of assessment and ABT technique, and are certified as Asian Bodywork Therapists through the AOBTA or NCCAOM, or at least meet the qualifications for such certification. The consumer needs to be aware of the degree of training the somatic practitioner has had. Without proper ABT training other somatic practitioners may not be able to fully assess imbalances in Qi according to the four evaluations in Chinese medicine, nor would they be manually adept at effecting subtle energetic balancing during the ABT session. 20

D. Coalitions AOBTA supports working in a coalition of therapeutic massage, bodywork and somatic practice organizations and professions. AOBTA strongly affirms that all interested parties be participants in coalition meetings, regardless of their desire to be included or excluded from any proposed regulation. A coalition of only like-minded organizations and individuals is not a true coalition. Those who do not desire regulation need to be allowed to attend the meetings, be informed, give their input and protect their interests. Open communication among all interested parties provides for a supportive, inclusive environment, enabling the coalition to move forward with a united front toward a successful outcome. 21

4. Additional Resources a. AOBTA website: www.aobta.org The website has a members-only section as well as public sections. You can Find a Practitioner in your area, read general information about AOBTA and ABT, keep up with ABT events and educational offerings, shop, renew a membership and more. Links to Research are also housed here. b. Member Surveys: The AOBTA conducts surveys of its members regularly for internal use and guidance for the board of directors. c. AOBTA Pulse: communications@aobta.org Many things are published here for ABT professionals, such as: 1. best practices 2. case studies 3. quality measurements 4. research 5. current events 6. reports to the membership 7. photos of what s happening 8. school and program updates d. The Federation of Therapeutic Massage, Bodywork and Somatic Practice Organizations: AOBTA has been a member since the inception of the forum. http://www.federationmbs.org/ f. Worldwide ABT Professional Organizations: Australia: Australian Shiatsu Association Australia: Shiatsu Therapy Association of Australia www.staa.org.au 22

Austria: Austrian Shiatsu Society www.shiatsu-verband.at Belgium: Belgian Shiatsu Federation www.shiatsu.be Canada: Canadian Shiatsu Society of British Columbia www.shiatsupractor.org Canada: Shiatsu Therapy Association of British Columbia www.shiatsutherapy.ca Canada: Shiatsu Therapy Association of Ontario www.shiatsuassociation.com Czech Republic: Czech Republic Shiatsu Association www.shiatsuasociace.cz Europe: European Shiatsu Federation www.shiatsu-esf.org Europe: European Shiatsu Congress www.kientalerhof.ch/kongress France: French Shiatsu Federation www.ffst.fr Germany: German Shiatsu Society www.shiatsu-gsd.de International: International Macrobiotic Shiatsu Society www.imss.macrobiotic.net International: International Shiatsu Network www.shiatsunetwork.com Ireland: Shiatsu Society of Ireland www.shiatsusocietyireland.com Italy: Italian Shiatsu Federation of Practitioners www.impresa360.com/progetti/fis/default.asp Italy: Italian Shiatsu Federation of Schools www.fnss.it Japan: Zen Shiatsu Association of Japan Spain: Association of Shiatsu Professionals in Spain www.shiatsu-apse.org 23

Sweden: Swedish Shiatsuforbundet www.shiatsuforbundet.se/joomlala/index.php Switzerland: Swiss Shiatsu Federation www.shiatsuverband.ch Switzerland: Swiss Association for Namikoshi Style Shiatsu www.namikoshi.ch United Kingdom: Shiatsu Society www.shiatsusociety.org United States: American Organization for Bodywork Therapies of Asia www.aobta.org United States: Jin Shin Do Foundation for Bodymind Acupressure www.jinshindo.org United States: National Qigong (Chi Kung) Association www.nqa.org 24

5. Other Considerations and Professional Concerns a. Maintaining good conditions for ABT to flourish ABT professionals continue to promote and protect the ABT profession. It is a privilege, a right, an honor and a duty. ABT faces many challenges to be heard and seen amid the meteoric rise of massage therapy as well as the acupuncture profession, as both have a close relationship with ABT. ABT knowledge (Tui Na) from China was used to create Swedish massage and begin the movement of massage into what we have today. It is obvious that there would be overlap of techniques, as massage came from ABT. However, ABT is more than its techniques. There is much more in energy - based theory than techniques. Acupuncture is one of the traditional Eight Branches of Chinese medicine, as is ABT, and has evolved in other parts of the world and is growing in the U.S. ABT shares theoretical knowledge as well as some practice applications (like 25

using acupoints to balance Meridian Qi) with the acupuncture community and therefore also feel their presence. The ABT community works to keep the true nature of their work intact, whether in the news or in relationships with other groups, bringing the ABT profession to light. b. Keeping training standards high AOBTA has a Council of Schools and Programs (AOBTA -COSP). AOBTA also certifies instructors (AOBTA -CI). COSP members work together with CIs to insure training standards are upheld, reviewed, updated, etc. as necessary. The NCCAOM provides national certification opportunities for graduates. COMTA accredits and reviews some ABT programs/schools. There has been an upswing of interest in ABT and the interest is welcome. Unfortunately, this request for knowledge has been diluted by incomplete and/or inaccurate information. This can even include instruction of ABT techniques by instructors who lack the complete knowledge or qualifications to teach it. Massage therapy is a derivative of ABT. Overlap of techniques is bound to happen. However, this is where the similarities end. Asian Bodywork Therapy is much more than techniques. It is unethical to teach this work without first having the proper knowledge to do so. Reading and teaching from a book, or sharing certain techniques does not prepare a student for a career as a professional ABT practitioner. It is unethical for a student to graduate from a massage or bodywork or other program with incomplete training (less than the full ABT program) in ABT and then promote themselves as ABT practitioners. The ABT community continues to educate everyone about professional ABT practice standards and continues to promote the complete educational program as the standard for entry-level professional practice. c. Maintaining the healing paradigm of ABT It is certain that human/animals have been touching each other for healing, comfort, calm, acknowledgement, relief and relaxation since the beginning of life. Asian Bodywork Therapy has evolved over thousands of years and is an integral part of a dynamic healing paradigm: Asian medicine. The healing paradigm that ABT springs from must not be compromised. The dilution of the profession must not be allowed. The integrity of the profession 26

is maintained by maintaining the integrity of the work itself as well as its practitioners. It would be a disaster to lose this wonderful work. The ABT community holds its standards high and will continue to do so. d. Clarifying and protecting ABT terminology Translations from Asian languages into English can be problematic, leading to widespread misuse of certain terms, like massage, which can be a verb or a noun in English and is translated from pictures in Asian languages. Asian people coming to the United States often struggle with the nuances of the English language and can misuse terms without knowing it. The misuse of ABT terms is rampant (for example, shiatsu becomes shiatsu massage and Nuad bo Rarn becomes Thai massage ), due in great part to the confusion over what massage is and is not. The Massage Therapy Body of Knowledge (MT-BOK) project is an important step toward clarification for massage therapists. e. Maintaining the high quality of the ABT profession ABT teaches tolerance, patience, clarity of intent and communications, high ethical standards, and sharing the compassion of the healing spirit without harm to self or others. By upholding these qualities, the ABT community will insure a quality future. f. Having healthy relationships with other groups Clarity, ethical behavior, respect, honest communication, research, practitioner/instructor/school networking, qualified instruction, promotion and protection of the profession are some of the earmarks of a quality profession. ABT professionals respect these conditions. There have been times when representatives of other professions which are closely related or experience some overlap with ABT have failed to honor these conditions. It is sometimes appalling to see how others who proclaim to be in healing or health-care professions treat others who may be their competition. Harm has been done and some healing has been done. There is support from the ABT community for the harm to cease and the healing to continue, sending rippling waves of healing energy out into the rest of the world. ABT professionals continue to maintain high standards in their relationships with others and protect the profession with pride. 27