Current condi,on of the Gulf of Mexico main commercial fisheries Dra. Ma. de Lourdes Jiménez Badillo Dra. Gabriela Galindo Cortes Dr. César Meiners Mandujano M.C. Angel Morán Silva
Main commercial fisheries in the GM annual volume and value 9-13 9 Annual Catch (ton) 5 15 1 64 species 17,487 t $ 4,65 millions 13.6 % na,onal volume 8 7 6 5 4 3 Annual Million pesos 5 1 PULPO CAMARON CAPTURA SIN REGISTRO OFICIAL OTRAS JUREL MERO JAIBA SIERRA OSTION PETO ROBALO LISA LEBRANCHA BANDERA GUACHINANGO RAYA Y SIMILARES RUBIO TIBURON OTRAS SIN REGISTRO OFICIAL TRUCHA CINTILLA RUBIA Y VILLAJAIBA PARGO PEPINO DE MAR BONITO CORVINA ALMEJA RONCO ESMEDREGAL MOJARRA ATUN CARACOL FAUNA CHARAL BESUGO LANGOSTA PAMPANO ANCHOVETA BERRUGATA BAGRE LENGUADO CABRILLA SARDINA CAPTURA ANUAL VALOR ANUAL CALAMAR BAQUETA PIERNA BARRILETE MACARELA
Tuna fisheries Objecve and incidental species Swordfish, 14% Sharks, 4% Other tuna sp, 5% Other fishes, 1% Yellowfin tuna, 67%
Tuna Fisheries Catch (t) 1,8 1,6 1,4 1, 1, 8 6 4 198 1983 1986 Veracruz 1989 199 1995 1998 Year Gulf of Mexico 1 4 More technified and autonomy fleet in the GM. Exclusively long line. Observer program Export quality product Migratory and transboundary species 7 1 13
Tuna Fisheries Needs to promote cer,fica,on to improve overseas trade Increase the mexican role in interna,onal mee,ngs
Shrimp fishing zone
Shrimp Catch 16 Café Siete barbas Captura (t) 1 8 4 1988 199 199 1994 1996 1998 4 6 8 1 1 ALTAMAR LAGUNA TOTAL Maximum sustainable 7 6 Rosado Rojo y Roca Captura (t/colas) 5 4 3 1 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 Años 1997 1999 1 3 5 7 9 11 Deteriora,ng
Fishing close season in lagoon systems, from the border with USA in Tamaulipas until Coatzacoalcos river mouth in Veracruz (1993-14) MAYO JUNIO JULIO DÍA AÑO 1991 199 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 14 1 11 1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 31 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 31 Luna llena Luna nueva Máximo valor de migración Periodo de veda en sistemas lagunares May June Masive migration period between full moon and new
Resour ce Café- blanco Estuarine dependent Secuencial fishery Reference points Problemac 1 t/y Conflict Ar,sanal with Industrial Fisheries Decrease in fishing areas by oil ac,vi,es Transversal problemac Illegal fishing in zones and closed season Bias in produc,on registers by mobility of fleet Siete barbas 41 trips/y 73 boats Long,me closure Fishing gear not allowed Rosado 79 kg tails/day Decrease in fishing areas by oil ac,vi,es Rojo- roca Rojo 94 t/y Roca t/y Fishing closed period protected rosado, does not protected red and rock shrimp Impact of PEMEX ac,vity Decrease in profitability by high fuel costs Deficient Infraestructure to trade coastal fishing Climate change Discard
Flathead and Streapped mullet 1 Flathead 1 Streapped 75 75 Capture (t) 5 7,9 t 4,76 t Capture (t) 5 5,55 t 4,417 t 5 Captura Promedio 5 3,13 t Captura Promedio 1986 1988 199 199 1994 1996 1998 4 6 8 1 1 1986 1988 199 199 1994 1996 1998 4 6 8 1 1 Products and subproducts: fish roe, fresh whole fish, fish steak, cooked fish, dry- salted fish, sweetbreads fish, male gonads Fully exploited Reference points: 317 t flathead mullet 4665 t streapped mullet
Lisa nursery areas landing sites fishing area Lebrancha Mugilidae Life cycle Lm 3 cm LT Lm 3 cm LT tm 3 years Closed season December an February CONAPESCA, 13 High vulnerability on reproduc,ve migra,on (Nov. Dic.; Mar. Apr.) and growth zones. Appreciated by the roe Land use change reducing habitat for breeding Sympatric species, sharme habitat, differen,ally used for reproduc,on Recruitment overfishing
Es,mates of sustainable catch levels 8 Flathead 6 5,67 ton Catch (1 ton) 4 1986 1989 199 1995 1998 1 4 7 1 Streapped 3,153 ton TAMAULIPAS 1 1986 1989 199 1995 1998 1 4 7 1 464 ton 45 ton Fuente: ICIMAP, 14
Es,mates of sustainable catch levels 8 Streapped 6 5,57 ton 4 3,5 ton Catch (1 ton) año vs Robalo 1986 1989 199 1995 1998 1 4 7 1 VERACRUZ Flathead 1,311 ton 1 763 ton 1986 1989 199 1995 1998 1 4 7 1 Fuente: ICIMAP, 14
Es,mates of sustainable catch levels Streapped VERACRUZ Flathead Catch (1 ton) 8 6 4 4 1986 1991 1996 1 6 11 1986 1991 1996 1 6 11 TAMAULIPAS 6 4 1986 1991 1996 1 6 11 1986 1991 1996 1 6 11 Fuente: ICIMAP, 14 8
Sharks and Sting-rays 54 species sharks, 9 high commercial importance 41 species s,ng- rays, 5 high commercial importance
State Artisanal fleet Medium height fleet No. Permits Small craft Larger vessels Incidental catch from tuna fishing Campeche 6 15 7 Quintana Roo 18 57 4 Tabasco 36 113 Tamaulipas 88 449 5 Veracruz 1 464 7 Yucatán 8 48 9 Total 33 1681 34 3 endangered species Fuente: CONAPESCA, 13
14 1 Fully exploited Catch (ton) 1 8 6 4 Rayas Tiburon y cazon Total Reference point 6,6 t Sharks,887 t S,ng- rays 1997 1998 1999 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 Suscep,ble popula,ons: low fecundity, late maturity, low growth and longevity 5 % produc,on cons,tuted by inmature individuals Low profitability. Poten,al market of fishing products and by- products Closed Season Tam. Ver. QR. May- Jun. Tab. Cam. Yuc. August
Snook State Number of boats Number of fishermen Campeche 573 1146 Tabasco 381 898 Veracruz 8 5519 Tamaulipas 7 544 High quality meat Catch in rivers, estuaries, lagoon systems, Ver. Tab. Cam. Fishing close season in Tam. Ver. Tab. Cam. without Vunerability reproduc,on season and all stages, recruitment overfishing Reference points: Tab. 3 t, Cam. 1 t, Ver. 15 t, QR 17 t, Tam. Yuc. 1 t. Total 358 813 Fuente: CONAPESCA
Es,mates of sustainable catch levels to snook in Veracruz 3 Catch (1 ton) 1,195 ton 1,78 ton 1,39 ton 1986 1991 1996 1 6 11 Fuente: ICIMAP, 14
Es,mates of sustainable catch levels to snook in Tabasco 4 Catch (1 ton) 3 1,61 ton 1,91 ton 1,395 ton 199 1993 1996 1999 5 8 11 Fuente: ICIMAP, 14
Es,mates of sustainable catch levels to snook in Campeche 4 Catch (1 ton) 3 1,583 ton 1,877 ton 1,364 ton 199 1993 1996 1999 5 8 11 Fuente: ICIMAP, 14
Reflec,ons Need to determine available biomass and reference points for all resources Need to assess the interac,on of popula,ons to environmental variability across all resources Biomass stocks may not increase but can increase the value of the fishery through the promo,on and/or diversifica,on of fishery products It is impera,ve to develop periodic assessments with economic projec,ons including by- products Management based on Ecosystem Approach