Maritime Resource Management John Garner, Fleet Director Interferry Conference Vancouver 7 th October 2014
Key issues in the Human Element - Safety culture - Just culture - Learning culture driving continuous improvement - Leadership & commitment from the top - Participation of all stakeholders - Communication, shared attitudes, beliefs and perceptions
Cohesive Safety Culture - How to implement a Safety Culture from top to bottom - Manage the maturity of the Human Element (HEAT.) - Maritime Resource Management (MRM) training, & Refresher Training implemented across all vessels. - Human Element, Leadership, Management (HELM)
KLM Flight 4805 Tenerife - Capt van Zanten took off from Tenerife without clearance from the Control Tower and collided with a Pan Am aircraft already on the runway in thick fog. - Capt van Zanten, his entire crew and all passengers lost their lives. In all 584 people lost their lives. - Why would this seasoned pilot, the Head of Safety at KLM, make such a rash and irresponsible decision? - What part did the Human Element, Situational Awareness, Complacency and the Authority Gradient play in this incident? - How can the Maritime Industry learn from this tragic event
Learning from Aviation (2009) - Use of a strong learning culture, supported by anonymity for Pilots. - Behavioural training is provided additionally to technical training. - Close correlation between flight deck & ships bridge in the human factors - undermine risk control measures and result in unplanned events. - Relationship between Flight Deck Crew Pilots and the Cabin Crew is similar to the relationship between Deck & Technical and OBS Crew. - Work required to develop use of Cockpit Voice Recorders same as VDR.
Benchmark with Aviation - Aircraft operations require high levels of operational control, communication. Cooperation, teamwork, management and leadership. - Co- pilots are taught to speak up when they see their superior officer is about to make a mistake. They are trained to challenge the Captain. - The training emphasises the need for the blocker to speak up and for the person in charge to listen and communicate effectively. - This challenge and response is part of cockpit/crew resource management (CRM). - CRM training is mandatory for all pilots in the airline industry.
Authority Gradient
Crew Resource Management (CRM) - Crew & Maritime Resource Management (CRM/MRM) training are further developments of the original SAS Bridge Resource Management (BRM) Training 1993. - Crew Resource Management (CRM) was introduced to the UK ferry industry in 1995 for vessels which required a similar high level of operational control. - Initial CRM training was delivered by a Braethens Airline pilot and a Physcologist. - The word Bridge de facto excludes engineers from Bridge Resource Management Training (BRM). Importantly, Chief Engineers, watch-keeping engineers were included along with Deck Officers and Captains in cross functional CRM training.
Maritime Resource Management(MRM) - Maritime Resource Management (MRM) training is a further development of the original SAS Bridge & Crew Resource Management (BRM/CRM) Training. - MRM is the use and co-ordination of all the skills, knowledge, experiences/expertise and resources available to the crew to accomplish or achieve the established goals of safety and efficiency. - MRM aims to change attitudes and behaviours, not technical skills. - MRM includes the understanding of the importance of good management and teamwork, and the willingness to change behaviour. - Importantly, Chief Engineers, watchkeeping engineers and shore based fleet managers are included with Deck Officers and Captains.
Improved Safety Performance - Increased knowledge of human performance and limitations to give better understanding to guard against a lack of situational awareness and complacency. - Case studies such as the BREAR but also company related incidents are reviewed, as well as COSTA CONCORDIA. - MRM provides tools to be used on ships SEWOL. - Importantly, simulators are not used as MRM non technical. - MRM deals with human factors, situation awareness, human element, and complacency in a way that technical training can not.
Integrated Transport Solution Spirit of Britain on sea trials 11