SAP ERP Versus SAP APO: Which Production Planning Functionality Do I Use, and How Can I Be Successful? Matthew Campbell SCMO2 Copyright 2013 Wellesley Information Services, Inc. All rights reserved.
What We ll Cover Reviewing SAP production planning options offered in SAP ERP and SAP Advanced Planning & Optimization (SAP APO) Learning how advanced capabilities differ from material requirements planning (MRP) and capacity requirements planning (CRP) functionality in SAP ERP Examining the latest production planning and detailed scheduling (PP/DS) features and functions delivered with SAP APO, including heuristics, optimization, and block planning methods Identifying the prerequisites for migrating from production planning functionality in SAP ERP to PP/DS Wrap-up 1
SAP Supply Chain Planning Functionality Advanced Planning functionality SCM SAP Advanced Planning & Optimization (SAP APO) SAP SCM SAP Supply Network Collaboration (SAP SNC) SAP Event Management (SAP EM) DP Demand Planning SNP Supply Network Planning APO MD PPDS Production Planning Detailed Scheduling PP Production Execution MM Purchasing Basic SAP production planning functionality available in both platforms APO provides robust and advanced functionality to support forecasting, capacity planning, and production scheduling Both platforms are integrated with ERP execution functionality Basic Planning functionality Materials Management (SAP MM) mysap CRM ERP Sales and Distribution (SAP SD) Manufacturing (SAP PP) Logistics Execution System (SAP LES) SAP Supply Chain Execution 2
SAP APO Architecture Available To Promise Demand Planning Supply Network Planning TP/VS PP/DS BW SC Cockpit livecache APO Solvers APO Application Link Enabling Model Generator, Mapping, Connectivity ECC Legacy R/3 OLTP Non R\3 OLTP 3
Production Planning in PP vs. APO SAP PP SAP APO LO - LIS BW Standard SOP Flexible Planning Demand Planning Custom SOP Long Term Planning Supply Network Planning MRP CRP Supply Network Planning or PPDS Production Scheduling Production Planning/ Detailed Scheduling ATP Check GATP Supply Chain Execution 4
ERP Production Planning Sequence SAP ECC Demand management Sales & Distribution (SD) Flexible Planning Production Planning (PP) Plannedind.reqmts Sales order Release, Confirmations Purchasing (MM) Planned order Process order Purchase requisition Purchase order Stock transport requisition Logistics Execution System (LES) Delivery Transfer order Execution 5
APO Planning Sequence with SAP ERP Integration SAP ERP APO Demand management Sales & Distribution (SD) Production Planning (PP) Release, Confirmations Purchasing (MM) Flexible Planning Plannedind.reqmts Sales order Planned order Process order Purchase requisition Purchase order Stock transport requisition Demand Planning (DP) Plannedind.reqmts Sales order Consumption Supply Network Planning (SNP) Prod. Plng & Det. Schedlng (PP/DS) Planned order Conversion Process order Purchase requisition Purchase order Stock transport requisition Stock transport order Deploy -ment Logistics Execution System (LES) Delivery Transfer order Execution Transp. Plng & Veh. Schedlng (TP/VS) Planned delivery Delivery Planned shipment/shipment 6
APO Planning Process Flow Production Planning Flow Demand Planning (DP) Supply Planning S&OP Integration SNP Supply Network Planning Materials Requirements Planning SNP/PPDS Detailed Production Scheduling Manufacturing Execution PP PPDS MASTER DATA 7
PP/DS Order Pegging Supports dynamic and fixed pegging Finished product Sales order/ Planned ind. reqmts Planned order Semi-Finished product Dependent requirements Planned order Component Raw material Packaging Dependent requirements Purchase requisition SAP ERP MRP 8
Pegging Across the Order Network Overview Sales order 10 20 10 40 60 (-10) 10 20 10 40 50 Planned order 30 100 requirement Dependent reqmt 30 100 Planned order 50 30 20 50 50 50 30 (+20) receipt Dependent reqmt 50 50 50 Purchase req 50 80 80 30 20 50 (+10) PP/DS scheduling capability make use of pegging relationships to schedule operations and orders 9
What We ll Cover Reviewing SAP production planning options offered in SAP ERP and SAP Advanced Planning & Optimization (SAP APO) Learning how advanced capabilities differ from material requirements planning (MRP) and capacity requirements planning (CRP) functionality in SAP ERP Examining the latest production planning and detailed scheduling (PP/DS) features and functions delivered with SAP APO, including heuristics, optimization, and block planning methods Identifying the prerequisites for migrating from production planning functionality in SAP ERP to PP/DS Wrap-up 10
SAP ERP Production Planning and Scheduling Production Planning using SAP PP Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) Can plan all materials, but typically non-key components, MRO Provides infinite time-phased planning and consumption-based planning using top-down approach Evaluate plant-level results using real-time Individual/ Collective Stock Requirements List, static MRP List 11
Basic Production Planning Capability Net Requirements Calculation Production Planning capability provided by both ERP and APO also consider lot sizes and safety stock settings Requirement elements Sales Orders Receipt elements Planned Orders Stock on Hand - Forecast + Production or Process Orders = Net requirement Safety Stock Purchase Requisitions Dependent Demands Purchase Orders 12
MRP with SAP ERP Demands are the sales orders and the planned independent requirements Orders are created time-phased from the requirement date MRP is infinite planning without considering capacity constraint Demands Orders Time Considerations with MRP in SAP ERP MRP is based on a specific plant or MRP area Low-level code determination limited to plant Planning scope sequence must be maintained for distribution planning Selection criteria supports material, MRP controller/plant Business-specific planning solution possible only with an enhancement 13
SAP ERP Production Planning and Scheduling Production Planning using SAP PP Master Production Scheduling (MPS) Option for planning finished goods and key components Uses materials with MRP Type M0 M4, BOMs, work centers/ resources, routings/recipes Provides infinite time-phased planning using top-down approach, with separate capacity planning step Similar evaluation as MRP 14
SAP ERP Stock Requirements List Transaction (MD04) Displays requirements and receipts Starting inventory Branch to inventory information 15
SAP ERP Capacity Requirement Planning (CRP) Capacity load BACKWARD FORWARD 100 % Time Capacity leveling is a two-step process 1. Capacity evaluation (overload vs. under load) 2. Manual dispatch to the work centers or the resources 16
SAP ERP Dispatching Screen Planning Table Manual Order Dispatching assign work center Work centers - Available capacity Manually place order on w/c with available capacity Orders available to dispatch 17
SAP ERP Production Planning and Scheduling Capacity Planning using SAP PP Capacity Evaluation Review capacity load for single plant work centers in weekly buckets Drill down to individual planned/production orders Detailed Scheduling using SAP PP Capacity Leveling Dispatch unscheduled operations from the order pool in desired sequence Reschedule dispatched operations using drag & drop or return operations to the order pool and re-dispatch Production Schedule Reporting Use Order Information System or custom reports Procurement Reporting Use Purchase Requisition Report and other MM reports 18
SCM APO Production Planning and Scheduling Plans APO-relevant materials, APO resources, and PPM or PDS Master Production Planning using APO SNP Uses same data as APO SNP Rough-Cut Planning Plans across locations using SNP data view with daily and weekly buckets over shorter horizon Evaluate results in product-based daily/weekly data view and SNP alerts Detailed Production Planning using APO PP/DS Use multi-step background job to create planned orders and purchase requisitions Evaluate results using the Product View, Product Overview, and PP/DS alerts 19
SCM APO Capacity Planning Capacity Planning using APO SNP Evaluate capacity loading using resource-based daily, weekly, or monthly data view for key resources across plants Optional resource hierarchies available Capacity leveling heuristic available to resolve periods of overcapacity (2-step approach, like SAP ERP) Optimizer and Capable-to-Match (CTM) planning engines can generate a feasible capacity constrained plan in a single planning run Can consider alternate sources of supply at multiple plants/locations in your network 20
SAP APO Resource Planning Book SNP Capacity view Displays resource utilization per time bucket Displays order quantity per time bucket 21
SCM APO Production Planning and Scheduling Capacity Planning using APO PP/DS Can plan across plants using MRP framework Calculate cross location low-level codes Use quotas to determine supply source Finite Scheduling heuristics and PP/DS optimizer available to use with planning run Plans within one plant location Evaluate capacity loading over shorter term using DS Planning Board Resource chart or Resource Loading chart with daily, weekly, and monthly timescale Filter or highlight bottleneck resources and reschedule operations within DS Planning Board 22
PP/DS User Interface Product View Detailed Scheduling Board Alert Monitor 23
APO Product View Transaction RRP3 The Elements tab is the main planning screen This screen displays all the requirements and receipts for a product similar to SAP ERP transaction MD04 stock requirements view A significant capability difference is that it supports interactive changes 24
APO Product View Interactive Heuristics PP/DS provides an option to run multiple different heuristics Most heuristics plan receipts elements, but some are designed to perform a specific system function (i.e., quota, create safety stock) The heuristic profile defines a library of available heuristics The MRP multi-level executes a multi-level heuristic that plans down throughout the BOM structure The 3 Horizon Heuristic plans according to 3 different lot sizes. Product Master for 4 months, weekly for the next 8 months, and monthly for the next 12. Create Safety Stock in livecache heuristic will create time phased safety stock values displayed in the product view. Example of SAP delivered planning heuristics 25
APO Product Planning Table User settings control which charts are loaded for display The resource chart displays resource utilization Product view: Periodic chart displays plan in time buckets Periodic resource view Periodic Product view 26
APO Product Planning Table Resource Chart The resource chart displays resource utilization, capacity requirements in hours, and resource capacity This view can be changed to daily, weekly, and monthly buckets You can also double click on a week and show all the work orders planned on that resource during that period 27
PPDS Detailed Scheduling Board 28
APO Detailed Scheduling Planning Board The planning board: Provides graphical tools to manually and automatically schedule and sequence constrained production orders Reviews inventory level Reviews resource utilization Automatically creates a simsession to try out different scenarios Can be accessed from product view or planning table The planning board display is controlled by defining a work area It is a pre-defined set of products and resources Defines production planner planning responsibility Planning board look and feel is determined by configuration settings Overall profile, DS strategy, heuristic profile, graphic profile 29
SCM APO Detailed Scheduling and Reporting Detailed Scheduling using APO PP/DS Evaluate production schedule using DS Planning Board Resource chart in hourly or daily timescale Execute manual sequencing, scheduling heuristics and PP/DS optimizer to schedule and re-sequence operations Option to save results to simulation version and evaluate using the Plan Monitor Production Schedule Reporting Multiple reports for APO-relevant materials and resources Production Supervisors still require ECC reports listing all materials, capacities, and manufacturing instructions Procurement Reporting Pass procurement proposals to ECC for reporting 30
What We ll Cover Reviewing SAP production planning options offered in SAP ERP and SAP Advanced Planning & Optimization (SAP APO) Learning how advanced capabilities differ from material requirements planning (MRP) and capacity requirements planning (CRP) functionality in SAP ERP Examining the latest production planning and detailed scheduling (PP/DS) features and functions delivered with SAP APO, including heuristics, optimization, and block planning methods Identifying the prerequisites for migrating from production planning functionality in SAP ERP to PP/DS Wrap-up 31
SAP APO PP/DS Key Capabilities Over SAP ERP Heuristic planning Production planning heuristic MRP Frame work Material constraints planning(bottom up) Block planning Detailed scheduling Scheduling heuristic Sequence optimization (setup matrix) Online Capable-to-Promise (CTP) Simulate Production scheduling in conjunction with global Available-to-Promise (ATP) at order entry Alert monitor 32
Foundation Heuristics Stage Level Heuristic Calculates low-level code Parameter setting support crosslocation low-level code calculation MRP Framework Heuristic Utilizes low-level code to control planning sequence Can utilize product location heuristic or maintain a default heuristic for all products Final Product LLC=1 LLC=0 LLC=2 33
Standard Planning Heuristics SAP Delivered Over 60 standard heuristics, with option to add custom logic to planning runs Multi-level production planning MRP Planning with material availability checking Flexible pegging of production to demand Detailed, time continuous planning to the second Basis for custom heuristic configuration or custom enhancement development 34
Detailed Scheduling Heuristics Examples Detailed scheduling heuristics help manage the work to schedule production Run heuristics interactively or from planning run Schedule Sequence move orders according to a specified criteria Remove backlog take all orders in the past to the current date for rescheduling Schedule Sequence Manually a manual sequencing table displays all the orders and drag and drop them in the right sequence Bottom up Uses order pegging to reschedule dependent requirements based on schedule sequence of lower level receipt element Top down Uses order pegging to schedule lower-level receipt elements based on higher-level planned order dependent requirements 35
SAP APO PP/DS Scheduling Heuristic The active strategy profile controls the scheduling mode (finite/infinite) and scheduling direction (backwards/forwards) Infinite Planning Scheduling result when using a strategy profile maintained with a finite scheduling mode and forward direction Scheduling Heuristic 36
SAP APO PP/DS Block Planning Blocks are used to schedule capacity on bottleneck resources by product groups specified by characteristics Blocks are defined based on the characteristics of products and resources Actual duration is calculated based on the Production Process Models (PPMs) or Product Data Structure (PDS) 37
Characteristics Dependent Planning (CDP) Characteristic values are passed from the sales order to the planned order for planning and/or scheduling Components can be selected using characteristics from material requirements Sales Orders Finished Material Resource 18 Gauge 20 Gauge 21 Gauge 18 Gauge 21Gauge 18 Gauge 20 Gauge 21 Gauge 38
SAP APO PP/DS Optimization Concept Optimization: Change of dates/sequences and resource assignment with regard to the following criteria: W1 * Total Lead Time + W2 * Sum of Setup Times + W3 * Sum of Setup Costs + W4 * Maximum Delay Costs + W5 * Sum of Delay Costs + W6 * Sum of Mode Costs Objective Function = Minimum 39
Sequence Optimization Using PP/DS Optimizer Receipts Time Sales Orders Setup Matrix Resource Capacity Lead Time Setup Costs and Time Due Date Violation 40
User-Defined Heuristics Heuristic Framework Sliver order challenge: After Finite Planning (Optimization or Schedule Heuristic Run) small orders of the same product are grouped together Prod. Line1 10 10 10 10 10 Prod. Line2 10 10 10 10 10 Prod. Line3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 User-defined heuristics for merging Prod. Line1 10 40 Prod. Line2 30 20 After Merging using custom heuristic Prod. Line3 20 30 10 10 10 10 10 Planned Orders Product A Product B 41
Finite Scheduling Multiple Steps After Optimization Merging Heuristic After Merging there are gaps between orders Squeeze Heuristic Forward Scheduling with close gap scheduling mode to remove gaps 42
Planning Run Steps Real-World Scenario Sequential steps with a user-defined selection of: Products Locations Resources Planners Planning can be carried out as a: Background job Interactive session with multiple selections Simulation version Processing Steps Selection Parameter 43
PP/DS Capable-to-Promise ATP check during sales order processing Capable-to-Promise invokes Production Planning Multi-level check At the end-item and component level Generation of new planned orders/purchase requisitions possible Checks available resources and raw materials SAP ERP SD Sales order Planned orders MRP Confirmation ATP request Planned orders SAP APO ATP No ATP Make Production Planning/ Detailed Scheduling Update time series Simulation Scheduling 44
Alert Monitor The alert monitor configuration contains all the settings that can be manipulated to provide manageable and informative alerts This section contains the time profile in which you request the system to look for alerts This section contains the actual alert types that you can select 45
Alert Monitor Display The alerts can be generated and displayed according to user preferences Each alert comes with thresholds level that you can set There are also three tiers of alerts: Informational, warning, and error alert definitions for each alert 46
Alert Monitor 47
APO PP/DS Evaluation Resource Load 48
PP/DS Scope Planning and Scheduling CIF operational functionality o Setup Master data integration models o Setup Transaction data integration models o APO/ECC tools to correct a CIF error Pre-requisite functionality o Demand plan placed on plant can be APO or ECC PP/DS Display and Understand Results o Planning board configure chart display to utilize color to identify planned order sequence. Maintain planned order text to communicate plant specific information. o Configure chart display to show planned order sequence on resource, inventory chart and product plan. o Product view Maintain customer specific display settings Planning heuristic scope o Low-level code o MRP frame work parallel planning and alternate heuristic o Standard lot size planning utilize product specific lot size rule to determine production run size o Planning in 3 horizons define planning horizons and variable lot size rules for near term midterm and long term planning. Scheduling heuristic scope o Drag & drop graphical sequencing o Manual sequencing determine production sequence in a spread sheet like format. o Automatic sequencing sequence by location product attributes or setup group o Set planning horizon in PPDS planning board define planning period subset within planning board time horizon PP/DS Optimizer o PPDS optimizer creates capacity constrained schedule across BOM level driven by planned orders scheduled on bottle neck resources. o Setup matrix definition defines preferred scheduling sequence Exception alerts o Alert monitor configuration to support exception planning o Maintain PPDS alert set (SS violation, late order, order shortage) 49
What We ll Cover Reviewing SAP production planning options offered in SAP ERP and SAP Advanced Planning & Optimization (SAP APO) Learning how advanced capabilities differ from material requirements planning (MRP) and capacity requirements planning (CRP) functionality in SAP ERP Examining the latest production planning and detailed scheduling (PP/DS) features and functions delivered with SAP APO, including heuristics, optimization, and block planning methods Identifying the prerequisites for migrating from production planning functionality in SAP ERP to PP/DS Wrap-up 50
Set Up the Core Interface (CIF) Master data and transaction data tightly integrated to SAP ERP Core Interface delivered and supported by SAP livecache (RAM based) planning for performance SAP ERP APO CIF Data Transfer Master Data Transaction Data livecache 51
ERP to APO Planning Data Flow System Architecture SAP ERP SAP APO-SAP ERP SAP APO R/3 Conceptual APO Design Master Data Master Data PPDS Historical Transactional Data Plant Material Work center Production Version Transaction Data C I Location Product Resource PPM /PDS Transaction Data SNP Replenishment plan Planned Order Sales Order Purchase Ord. F Planned Order Sales Order Purchase Ord. DP Forecast Manufacturing Order Manufacturing order ODS Archiving and Reporting Forecast Alerts SAP NetWeaver BW Transactional Data 52
SAP ERP and APO Master Data Objects SAP ERP data elements are transferred into APO and combined with other data elements to form the Planning master data SAP ERP Material Master Plants Work Centers Capacity Bill of Material Routing / PV Classes / Characteristics APO Product Master Locations Resources Production Data Structure Classes / Characteristics Special Procurement Key determines Transportation Lanes Purchase Info Records Scheduling Agreements Procurement Relationships 53
Core Interface Integration Model Design Integration model dependency Several integration models are required There is a prerequisite sequence Separate models for master data and transaction data Integration Model Plant Integration Model Materials Integration Model Resource Integration Model Stock Integration Model Sales Orders Integration Model PPM (PDS) Integration Model STO Integration Model Goods Movement Integration Model Planned Orders Integration Model Prod. Orders 54
Process Integration SAP ERP Master Data Stock Sales Order CIF Master Data Stock Sales Order SAP SCM Net Requirement Calculation Demand Planning Forecast Production Planning Planned Order OLTP System Creates Manufacturing Order Planned Order System Creates Manufacturing Order Optimization and Sequencing Setup Matrix Detailed Scheduling Order Release Goods Issue Confirmation Goods Receipt Order is Updated Production Execution TECO the Order Order is Deleted 55
When to Implement APO PP/DS Instead of ERP-PP Clients with complex sequencing rules implement PP/DS Automatically create sequenced, constrained production schedule Along with Optimization to minimize change-overs, PP/DS offers stepby-step planning approach with multiple heuristics Possible to do What-If analysis before execution Can quickly and easily re-plan when major production issues occur In the case of No Supply, Capable-to-Promise (CTP) provides better customer service CTP offers real-time visibility of shop floor capacity Global ATP and PP/DS are prerequisite for CTP To standardize scheduling tools and approach across all plants Manual scheduling tools in PP/DS are superior to ERP-PP Simplify planning and scheduling tasks, and provide proactive alerts 56
What We ll Cover Reviewing SAP production planning options offered in SAP ERP and SAP Advanced Planning & Optimization (SAP APO) Learning how advanced capabilities differ from material requirements planning (MRP) and capacity requirements planning (CRP) functionality in SAP ERP Examining the latest production planning and detailed scheduling (PP/DS) features and functions delivered with SAP APO, including heuristics, optimization, and block planning methods Identifying the prerequisites for migrating from production planning functionality in SAP ERP to PP/DS Wrap-up 57
7 Key Points to Take Home SAP ERP PP and MM functionality is available for MPS and MRP planning, and manual capacity leveling SAP PP is enhanced with multiple advanced planning engines in SAP APO APO Supply Network Planning provides decision support for sourcing, inventory, distribution, and production in a multi-plant network PPDS provides flexible planning runs for multiple industry scenarios, with Capable-to-Promise integration to gatp The detailed shop floor scheduling tools available through SAP APO PP/DS include manual, graphical, semi automated, automated scheduling, and optimization support 58
7 Key Points to Take Home (cont.) The Core Interface provides seamless integration in real time between SAP ERP and APO An integrated Alert Monitor supports powerful, exception-based planning to focus planners on critical issues 59
Where to Find More Information For a more detailed examination of production planning functionality from SAP, join speaker Matt Campbell at Logistics and SCM 2015 in Las Vegas, March 30-April 1, where he will be presenting three sessions, including an updated presentation on SAP ERP vs. SAP APO. 60
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