Safety Management System

Module Nº 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 2 Seminar Structure Safety Management System Module 9 ICAO Framework I (SARPS) Module 10 ICAO Framework II (Guidance Material) Module 11 EU SM Framework Module 5 Introduction to SMS Module 6 SM framework I (SMS) Module 7 SM Framework II (SSP) Module 8 Phased approach to SMS Implementation Intro SMS seminar introduction Module 1 Basic safety concepts Module 2 Introduction to safety management Module 3 Hazards Module 4 Safety risks Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 2 3 Objective At the end of this module, participants will be able to explain the need for an evolution of safety management, as well as its strategies and key features Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 3 1

4 Outline The safety stereotype The management dilemma Need for safety management Strategies for safety management The need for change Safety management A crucial differentiation Questions and answers Points to remember Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 4 The safety stereotype Is it? 2

Really? What is the fundamental objective of a business organization? 8 Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 8 Safety management Rationale 9 In order to achieve its production objectives, the management of any aviation organization requires the management of many business processes Managing safety is one such business process Safety management is a core business function just as financial management, HR management, etc. This brings about a potential dilemma for management Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 9 3

10 The management dilemma Management levels Resources Resources Protection Production Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 10 11 The management dilemma + Resources Protection Production Catastrophe Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 11 12 The management dilemma + Resources Production Protection Bankruptcy Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 12 4

13 Safety space Bankruptcy Protection Catastrophe Production Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 13 Safety management The response to the dilemma Safety issues are a by-product of activities related to production/services delivery An analysis of an organization s resources and goals allows for a balanced and realistic allocation of resources between protection and production goals, which supports the needs of the organization The product/service provided by any aviation organization must be delivered safely (i.e. protecting users and stakeholders) 14 Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 14 Why Safety Management? The first ultra-safe industrial system 15 10-3 10-5 10-6 Fragile system (1920s 1970s) Individual risk management & intensive training Accident investigation Less than one catastrophic breakdown per million production cycles Safe system (1970s mid 1990s) Technology and regulations Incident investigation Ultra-safe system (mid 1990s onwards) Business management approach to safety (SMS) Routine collection and analysis of operational data Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 15 5

Why Safety Management? An imperfect system 16 System design Operational deployment SMS Baseline performance Practical drift Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 16 17 Navigating the drift Baseline performance Practical drift Organization Navigational aids to collect data Reactive Proactive Predictive Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 17 18 Reactive navigational aids Investigation of accidents and serious incidents Based on the notion of waiting until something breaks before fixing it Most appropriate for: situations involving failures in technology unusual events The contribution of reactive approaches to safety management depends on the extent to which the investigation goes beyond the triggering cause(s), and includes contributory factors and findings as to safety risks. Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 18 6

19 Proactive navigational aids Safety reporting systems, safety audits and surveys Based on the notion that safety management is best accomplished by looking for trouble, not waiting for it and that system failures can be minimized by: aggressively seeking information from a variety of sources on emerging or potential safety risks; and taking the necessary actions to eliminate or reduce such safety risks Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 19 20 Predictive navigational aids Flight data analysis, normal operations monitoring Based on the notion that safety management is best accomplished by looking for trouble, not waiting for it Aggressively seek information from a variety of sources which may be indicative of emerging safety risks Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 20 Safety data collection methods Summary 21 Reactive method The reactive method collects data from events that have already happened, such as accidents and incidents Proactive method The proactive method Actively looks for safety data through the analysis of the organization s activities Predictive method The predictive method captures data that identifies and eliminates or mitigates future problems Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 21 7

Safety data collection methods Levels of acquisition 22 System design Safety management levels Baseline performance Practical drift HAZARDS Predictive Proactive Reactive Reactive FDA Direct observation system ASR Surveys Audits ASR MOR Accident and incident reports Highly efficient Very efficient Efficient Insufficient Desirable management levels Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 22 23 The need for change As global aviation activity and complexity continue to grow, methods for managing safety risks to an acceptable level need to become more effective and efficient Evolving methods for understanding and managing safety risks are necessary Public demand for safety improvements Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 23 24 The changing of the guard Traditional Accident/serious incident investigation Aviation system performs most of the time per design specifications (baseline performance) Compliance-based Outcome-oriented Evolving Safety management Aviation system does not perform most of the time per design specifications (practical drift) Compliance-based + performance-based Process-oriented Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 24 8

25 A crucial differentiation Management systems and execution programmes Management systems support senior-level [databased] strategic and tactical decision making The SMS is a management system that supports the safety decision-making process by service providers Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 25 26 A crucial differentiation Management systems and execution programmes Execution programmes are subcomponents of management systems that implement strategic decision making Once safety decisions are made, they are executed through safety programmes as part of the SMS ALAR/CFIT Altitude bust prevention Runway safety TEM CRM Etc. Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 26 27 A system for the management of safety Data Safety Operative Financial HR Legal... SMS assessment policy analysis Cost/benefit evaluation Strategic Decisions Execution Programmes CFIT/ALAR/TEM Runway safety Fatigue Risk Management Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 27 9

Module N 2 Introduction to safety management Questions and answers Module N 3 ICAO Safety Management Systems (SMS) Course 28 29 Questions and answers Q: Explain the management dilemma regarding safety management A: Management levels Resources Resources Protection Production Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 29 30 Questions and answers Q: Explain the difference between reactive, proactive and predictive safety strategies A: Reactive method The reactive method collects data from events that have already happened, such as accidents and incidents Proactive method The proactive method actively looks for safety data through the analysis of the organization s activities Predictive method The predictive method captures data that identifies and eliminates or mitigates future problems Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 30 10

31 Questions and answers Q: Explain the difference between the traditional and the evolving approach to safety management A: Traditional Accident/serious incident investigation Aviation system performs most of the time per design specifications (baseline performance) Compliance-based Outcome-oriented Evolving Safety management Aviation system does not perform most of the time per design specifications (practical drift) Compliance-based + performance-based Process-oriented Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 31 32 Points to remember 1. The dilemma of the two Ps 2. The safety space 3. Why SM? An ultra-safe, yet imperfect, system 4. Safety management methods and their effectiveness 5. The changing of the guard 6. The crucial differentiation Module N 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 32 Module Nº 2 APPLA SMS SEMINAR LISBON 11