The Economic Impact of Agriculture and Forestry Production and Processing on Mississippi: An Input-Output Analysis

The Economic Impact of Agriculture and Forestry Production and Processing on Mississippi: An Input-Output Analysis Agriculture and forestry are a major component of Mississippi s economic base. In 2009 alone, agriculture and forestry production and processing sectors directly accounted for 118,303 jobs paying $2.9 billion in wages and salaries (Table 1). In addition, agriculture and forestry related sectors also directly accounted for $21.4 billion in sales, with a value-added generation of $5.5 billion. Clearly, agriculture and forestry provide a major contribution to the Mississippi economy. Yet that contribution has a much larger impact on the Mississippi economy than the direct impacts of agriculture and forestry alone. A larger total impact is realized when accounting not only for the direct but also the indirect and induced effects that result from agriculture and forestry industry and employee spending. This report provides an estimate of the economic impacts of agriculture and forestry using the most recent data available on production (e.g., farms, timber stands), primary processing activities (e.g., cotton ginning, paper mills), and value-added products (e.g., snack food manufacturing, paper product manufacturing). Analysis is focused on the total economic impact of agriculture and forestry activities regarding employment, income, and total value of sales. $33.4 billion total industry output 231,967 jobs $6.7 billion wages $12.6 billion value-added Methods The total economic impact is the sum of direct effects, indirect effects, and induced effects. Direct effects represent the economic activity from businesses defined to belong in agriculture (i.e., producers, processors, and agricultural support services). Indirect effects describe the economic activity from businesses and organizations not traditionally thought of as agriculturerelated (e.g., education, information, and insurance), though they may supply goods and services to agricultural businesses. Indirect effects are a basic response to agricultural activities and reflect the interdependence between businesses and industries throughout the economy. Induced effects reflect spending by households as a result of direct and indirect effects. Data for the direct effects and estimation of the indirect and induced

effects came from a well-known input-output modeling system called Impact for Planning and Analysis, or IMPLAN, software that is updated annually by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group Inc. (2010). IMPLAN is a computerized database and modeling system for constructing regional economic accounts and regional input-output tables. The IMPLAN 440 sector inputoutput model is based primarily on data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the U.S. Geological Survey. IMPLAN data for 2009, the most recent available, was used for this study. The total economic impacts of agriculture and forestry (direct, indirect, and induced) were estimated in the IMPLAN model by removing these sectors from the modeled economy and examining the resulting impacts. These impacts represent the sectors contribution to the rest of the economy, which is an estimate of how much economic activity is supported by the sectors of interest. This is the procedure recommended by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group Inc. for estimating the economic impact of an industry. The results also show which industries benefit the most from economic impacts of agriculture and forestry. This study combines the 440 sectors into 32 aggregated sectors. Of these, 12 are agriculture and forestry sectors, and 20 sectors represent the rest of the Mississippi economy (Table A1). This procedure follows Barnett and Reinschmiedt (1996), who modeled the Mississippi economy using 44 aggregated sectors 26 food and fiber sectors and 18 non-food and non-fiber sectors. The 12 agriculture and forestry production and processing sector groups include: agriculture support activities, cattle and dairy, commercial fishing and wildlife, cotton farms, food and fiber products, grain farms, logging, other animal production (hogs, horses, aquaculture), other farms (vegetable and melon), poultry, soybean farms, and wood and paper products. The economic impact of agriculture and forestry related sectors on Mississippi can be measured by four key statistics: employment (the number of full- and part-time jobs in the sector); employee compensation (the wages paid by the sector); output (the sector s total value of production); and value-added (total sector output minus the costs of purchased inputs). Valueadded represents the amount of money available for disbursement, in the form of wages, owner compensation, or taxes. Results The combined economic impact of the agriculture and forestry production and processing sectors had a large total economic impact on the Mississippi economy as measured by jobs, employee compensation, total output, and value added (Table 2). Employment is the annual average number of full-time and part-time jobs in the private and public sectors. This measure represents people employed for wages as well as self-employed people. Agriculture and forestry contributed to an estimated total employment impact of 231,967 jobs in the state, or about 15.6 percent of all jobs in Mississippi. Employee compensation is the annual monetary wages and salaries paid to employees and self-employed people, and includes the value of benefits. Agriculture and forestry contributed an estimated $6.7 billion, or 12.9 percent, of the state s total labor income. Output represents the total gross sales for goods and services throughout the state. In 2009, agriculture and forestry, including production and processing, directly and indirectly accounted for $33.4 billion, or 17.5 percent, of all economic activity in Mississippi. Value-added is the residual value of a sector s outputs after it pays for its inputs. This performance measure avoids the double counting of an output value from one sector that is used as an input in another sector. A sector s value-added is distributed as wages and salaries, rental payments, royalties from contracts, dividends from corporations, corporate profits, or indirect business taxes (such as property taxes, excise taxes, and sales taxes). In 2009, agriculture and forestry activities contributed $12.6 billion in value-added, or 13.8 percent, of new wealth generation in the state. Summary Agriculture and forestry is a $33.4 billion industry in Mississippi. These production and processing industries provide a major economic contribution to the state economy, accounting for 15.6 percent of all jobs, 12.9 percent of the state s wages and salaries, 17.5 percent of all sales, and 13.8 percent of value-added. Clearly, agriculture and forestry are important to Mississippi. Literature Cited Barnett, B. and L. Reinschmiedt. 1996. Agriculture and Forestry in Mississippi An Analysis of the Impacts of Food and Fiber Related Sectors on the Mississippi Economy. Agricultural Economics Technical Bulletin No. 95. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi. Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc. 2010. IMPLAN Version 3.0 User s Guide. Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc., Stillwater, Minnesota. 2

Table 1. Direct impacts on Mississippi employment, compensation, output, and value-added of the aggregated industrial sectors (2009). Model Sectors Employment Wages and Salaries ($MM) Total Industry Output ($MM) Value-Added ($MM) Agriculture support activities 6,549 137.58 195.22 149.06 Cattle and dairy 1,764 8.28 175.14 28.80 Commercial fishing and wildlife 1,188 1.75 45.24 28.81 Cotton farms 887 14.86 135.29 53.23 Food and fiber products 29,722 1,013.59 9,100.39 1,377.86 Grain farms 14,573 14.21 596.66 251.15 Logging 5,554 131.75 864.44 348.37 Other animal production 9,238 31.52 288.19 124.29 Other farms 1,807 27.58 234.99 97.62 Poultry 5,799 148.98 2,259.21 368.64 Soybean farms 11,320 4.25 709.28 322.95 Wood and paper products 30,403 1,373.31 6,778.93 2,378.50 All agriculture sectors 118,803 2,907.65 21,382.98 5,529.29 Construction 98,830 2,648.58 10,093.25 3,999.56 Education 140,292 6,063.69 7,357.90 6,901.72 Entertainment 23,234 501.15 1,601.00 985.28 Federal government (non-mil) 27,517 2,511.57 3,085.42 2,662.26 Finance and insurance 50,736 1,941.78 8,865.56 4,337.27 Food services 89,379 1,474.52 4,582.61 2,228.03 Healthcare 105,755 5,050.90 10,914.77 6,180.90 Hotels 20,393 675.22 2,193.00 1,214.43 Information 15,019 635.84 3,486.14 1,688.79 Manufacturing 81,596 4,962.97 49,024.38 9,669.05 Military 33,965 2,377.19 3,434.61 3,434.61 Mining 10,704 414.75 3,528.53 1,681.06 Real estate 46,699 434.42 13,207.22 9,090.92 Retail trade 160,999 3,808.21 8,275.83 6,983.41 S&L government (non-ed) 109,849 4,871.14 7,162.33 5,539.82 Services 252,640 6,230.62 15,770.81 9,745.69 Transportation 43,378 1,556.87 5,827.58 2,618.07 Utilities 7,828 680.32 3,789.41 2,309.68 Warehousing 9,177 355.51 711.20 460.85 Wholesale trade 37,226 1,935.95 6,076.25 3,959.69 All other sectors 1,365,217 49,131.21 168,987.80 85,691.09 Total economy 1,484,021 52,038.86 190,370.79 91,220.38 3

Table 2. Total impacts of agriculture and forestry production and processing on Mississippi employment, wages, output, and value-added for the aggregated industrial sectors (2006). Model Sectors Employment Wages and Salaries ($MM) Total Industry Output ($MM) Value-Added ($MM) Agriculture support activities 6,549 137.58 195.22 149.06 Cattle and dairy 1,188 8.28 175.14 28.80 Commercial fishing and wildlife 887 1.75 45.24 28.81 Cotton farms 29,722 14.86 135.29 53.23 Food and fiber products 14,573 1,013.59 9,100.39 1,377.86 Grain farms 5,554 14.21 596.66 251.15 Logging 9,238 131.75 864.44 348.37 Other animal production 1,764 31.52 288.19 124.29 Other farms 1,807 27.58 234.99 97.62 Poultry 5,799 148.98 2,259.21 368.64 Soybean farms 11,320 4.25 709.28 322.95 Wood and paper products 30,403 1,373.31 6,778.93 2,378.50 Total direct impacts 118,803 2,907.65 21,382.98 5,529.29 Construction 4,540 121.10 414.48 179.43 Education 9,250 388.94 484.62 443.47 Entertainment 1,811 31.19 99.62 59.10 Federal government (non-mil) 641 47.85 82.73 38.99 Finance and insurance 5,163 201.72 963.63 459.03 Food services 8,986 148.25 460.73 224.00 Healthcare 10,137 483.06 1,046.06 590.41 Hotels 195 6.51 21.18 11.77 Information 1,659 69.16 373.95 180.53 Manufacturing 1,001 56.13 813.65 132.72 Military 2,245 157.11 227.00 227.00 Mining 97 4.62 45.84 19.17 Real estate 6,030 54.82 1,499.89 1,035.78 Retail trade 13,671 318.95 698.58 589.49 S&L government (non-ed) 7,206 320.86 550.84 365.80 Services 25,693 685.71 1,708.80 1,055.69 Transportation 6,382 225.52 854.94 379.19 Utilities 1,078 95.88 547.47 328.59 Warehousing 974 37.75 75.51 48.93 Wholesale trade 6,406 333.12 1,045.55 681.35 Total indirect and induced 113,164 3,788.24 12,015.06 7,050.43 Total impacts 231,967 6,695.89 33,398.05 12,579.73 4

Table A1. Aggregation scheme of commercial sectors used for IMPLAN input-output analysis of agriculture and forestry production and processing impacts on the Mississippi economy (2009). Model Sectors Agriculture support activities Cattle and dairy Commercial fishing and wildlife Construction Cotton farms Education Entertainment Federal government (non-mil) Finance and insurance Food and fiber products Food services Grain farms Healthcare Hotels Information Logging Original IMPLAN Sectors Support activities for agriculture and forestry Cattle ranching and farming; Dairy cattle and milk production Commercial fishing; Commercial hunting and trapping Construction of new nonresidential commercial and healthcare structures; Construction of new nonresidential manufacturing structures; Construction of other new nonresidential structures; Construction of new residential permanent site single- and multi-family structures; Construction of other new residential structures; Maintenance and repair construction of nonresidential structures; Maintenance and repair construction of residential structures Cotton farming Private elementary and secondary schools; Private junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools; Other private educational services; * Employment and payroll only (state and local government, education) Performing arts companies; Spectator sports companies; Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures; Independent artists, writers, and performers; Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks; Fitness and recreational sports centers; Bowling centers; Amusement parks, arcades, and gambling industries; Other amusement and recreation industries U.S. Postal Service; Federal electric utilities; Other federal government enterprises; * Employment and payroll only (federal government, non-military) Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation activities; Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities; Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and related activities; Insurance carriers; Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related activities; Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Dog and cat food manufacturing; Other animal food manufacturing; Flour milling and malt manufacturing; Wet corn milling; Soybean and other oilseed processing; Fats and oils refining and blending; Breakfast cereal manufacturing; Sugar cane mills and refining; Beet sugar manufacturing; Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans; Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate; Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing; Frozen food manufacturing; Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying; Fluid milk and butter manufacturing; Cheese manufacturing; Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing; Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing; Animal (except poultry) slaughtering, rendering, and processing; Poultry processing; Seafood product preparation and packaging; Bread and bakery product manufacturing; Cookie, cracker, and pasta manufacturing; Tortilla manufacturing; Snack food manufacturing; Coffee and tea manufacturing; Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing; Seasoning and dressing manufacturing; All other food manufacturing; Soft drink and ice manufacturing; Breweries; Wineries; Distilleries; Tobacco product manufacturing; Fiber, yarn, and thread mills; Broadwoven fabric mills; Nonwoven fabric mills; Knit fabric mills; Textile and fabric finishing mills; Fabric coating mills; Carpet and rug mills; Curtain and linen mills; Textile bag and canvas mills; All other textile product mills; Apparel knitting mills; Cut and sew apparel contractors; Men s and boys cut and sew apparel manufacturing; Women s and girls cut and sew apparel manufacturing; Other cut and sew apparel manufacturing; Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing; Leather and hide tanning and finishing; Footwear manufacturing; Other leather and allied product manufacturing Food services and drinking places Grain farming Offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners; Home healthcare services; Medical and diagnostic labs and outpatient and other ambulatory care services; Private hospitals; Nursing and residential care facilities Hotels and motels, including casino hotels; Other accommodations Newspaper publishers; Periodical publishers; Book publishers; Directory, mailing list, and other publishers; Software publishers; Motion picture and video industries; Sound recording industries; Radio and television broadcasting; Cable and other subscription programming; Internet publishing and broadcasting; Telecommunications; Data processing, hosting, ISP, web search portals and related services; Other information services Forestry, forest products, and timber tract production; Commercial logging 5

Manufacturing Printing; Support activities for printing; Petroleum refineries; Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing; Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing; Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing; All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing; Petrochemical manufacturing; Industrial gas manufacturing; Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing; Alkalies and chlorine manufacturing; Carbon black manufacturing; All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Plastics material and resin manufacturing; Synthetic rubber manufacturing; Artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing; Fertilizer manufacturing; Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing; Medicinal and botanical manufacturing; Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing; In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing; Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing; Paint and coating manufacturing; Adhesive manufacturing; Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; Toilet preparation manufacturing; Printing ink manufacturing; All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing; Plastics packaging materials and unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing; Unlaminated plastics profile shape manufacturing; Plastics pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing; Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing; Polystyrene foam product manufacturing; Urethane and other foam product (except polystyrene) manufacturing; Plastics bottle manufacturing; Other plastics product manufacturing; Tire manufacturing; Rubber and plastics hoses and belting manufacturing; Other rubber product manufacturing; Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing; Brick, tile, and other structural clay product manufacturing; Clay and nonclay refractory manufacturing; Flat glass manufacturing; Other pressed and blown glass and glassware manufacturing; Glass container manufacturing; Glass product manufacturing made of purchased glass; Cement manufacturing; Ready-mix concrete manufacturing; Concrete pipe, brick, and block manufacturing; Other concrete product manufacturing; Lime and gypsum product manufacturing; Abrasive product manufacturing; Cut stone and stone product manufacturing; Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing; Mineral wool manufacturing; Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing; Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel; Alumina refining and primary aluminum production; Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum; Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum; Primary smelting and refining of copper; Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum); Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding, and alloying; Ferrous metal foundries; Nonferrous metal foundries; All other forging, stamping, and sintering; Other industrial machinery manufacturing; Plastics and rubber industry machinery manufacturing; Semiconductor machinery manufacturing; Vending, commercial, industrial, and office machinery manufacturing; Optical instrument and lens manufacturing; Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing; Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Air purification and ventilation equipment manufacturing; Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing; Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing; Industrial mold manufacturing; Metal cutting and forming machine tool manufacturing; Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing; Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manufacturing; Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery manufacturing; Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing; Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, and gear manufacturing; Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing; Other engine equipment manufacturing; Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing; Air and gas compressor manufacturing; Material handling equipment manufacturing; Power-driven handtool manufacturing; Other general purpose machinery manufacturing; Packaging machinery manufacturing; Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing; Fluid power process machinery manufacturing; Electronic computer manufacturing; Computer storage device manufacturing; Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing; Telephone apparatus manufacturing; Broadcast and wireless communications equipment manufacturing; Other communications equipment manufacturing; Audio and video equipment manufacturing; Electron tube manufacturing; Bare printed circuit board manufacturing; Semiconductor and related device manufacturing; Electronic capacitor, resistor, coil, transformer, and other inductor manufacturing; Electronic connector manufacturing; Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) manufacturing; Other electronic component manufacturing; Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing; Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing; Automatic environmental control manufacturing; Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing; Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices manufacturing; Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing; Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing; Irradiation apparatus manufacturing; Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing; Software, audio, and video media for reproduction; Magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing; Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing; Lighting fixture manufacturing; Small electrical appliance manufacturing; Household cooking appliance manufacturing; Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing; Household laundry equipment manufacturing; Other major household appliance manufacturing; Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing; Motor and generator manufacturing; Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing; Relay and industrial control manufacturing; Storage battery manufacturing; Primary battery manufacturing; Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing; Wiring device manufacturing; Carbon and graphite product manufacturing; All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing; Automobile manufacturing; Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing; Heavy duty truck manufacturing; Motor vehicle body manufacturing; Truck trailer manufacturing; Motor home manufacturing; Travel trailer and camper manufacturing; Motor vehicle parts manufacturing; Aircraft manufacturing; Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing; Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing; Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing; Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles manufacturing; Railroad rolling stock manufacturing; Ship building and repairing; Boat building; Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing; Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing; All other transportation equipment manufacturing; Metal and other household furniture manufacturing; Institutional furniture manufacturing; Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing; Mattress manufacturing; Blind and shade manufacturing; Surgical and medical instrument, laboratory and medical instrument manufacturing; Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing; Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing; Ophthalmic goods manufacturing; Dental laboratories manufacturing; Jewelry and silverware manufacturing; Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing; Doll, toy, and game manufacturing; Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing; Sign manufacturing; Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufacturing; Musical instrument manufacturing; All other miscellaneous manufacturing; Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing 6

Military Mining Not an industry Other animal production Other farms Poultry Real estate Retail trade S&L government (non-ed) Services Soybean farms Transportation Utilities Warehousing Wholesale trade Wood and paper products * Employment and payroll only (federal government, military) Extraction of oil and natural gas; Mining coal; Mining iron ore; Mining copper, nickel, lead, and zinc; Mining gold, silver, and other metal ore; Mining and quarrying stone; Mining and quarrying sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals; Mining and quarrying other nonmetallic minerals; Drilling oil and gas wells; Support activities for oil and gas operations; Support activities for other mining * Not an industry (Used and secondhand goods); * Not an industry (Scrap); * Not an industry (Rest of the world adjustment); * Not an industry (Noncomparable foreign imports) Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs Vegetable and melon farming; Fruit farming; Tree nut farming; Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production; Tobacco farming; Sugarcane and sugar beet farming; All other crop farming Poultry and egg production Real estate establishments; Imputed rental activity for owner-occupied dwellings; Automotive equipment rental and leasing; General and consumer goods rental except video tapes and discs; Video tape and disc rental; Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing; Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Retail Stores - Motor vehicle and parts; Retail Stores - Furniture and home furnishings; Retail Stores - Electronics and appliances; Retail Stores - Building material and garden supply; Retail Stores - Food and beverage; Retail Stores - Health and personal care; Retail Stores - Gasoline stations; Retail Stores - Clothing and clothing accessories; Retail Stores - Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music; Retail Stores - General merchandise; Retail Stores - Miscellaneous; Retail Nonstores - Direct and electronic sales State and local government passenger transit; State and local government electric utilities; Other state and local government enterprises; * Employment and payroll only (state and local government, non-education) Legal services; Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services; Architectural, engineering, and related services; Specialized design services; Custom computer programming services; Computer systems design services; Other computer related services, including facilities management; Management, scientific, and technical consulting services; Environmental and other technical consulting services; Scientific research and development services; Advertising and related services; Photographic services; Veterinary services; All other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services; Management of companies and enterprises; Employment services; Travel arrangement and reservation services; Office administrative services; Facilities support services; Business support services; Investigation and security services; Services to buildings and dwellings; Other support services; Waste management and remediation services; Child daycare services; Individual and family services; Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services; Automotive repair and maintenance, except car washes; Car washes; Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance; Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance; Personal and household goods repair and maintenance; Personal care services; Death care services; Dry-cleaning and laundry services; Other personal services; Religious organizations; Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations; Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations; Private household operations Oilseed farming Transport by air; Transport by rail; Transport by water; Transport by truck; Transit and ground passenger transportation; Transport by pipeline; Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation; Couriers and messengers Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution; Natural gas distribution; Water, sewage, and other treatment and delivery systems Warehousing and storage Wholesale trade businesses Sawmills and wood preservation; Veneer and plywood manufacturing; Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing; Reconstituted wood product manufacturing; Wood windows and doors and millwork manufacturing; Wood container and pallet manufacturing; Manufactured home (mobile home) manufacturing; Prefabricated wood building manufacturing; All other miscellaneous wood product manufacturing; Pulp mills; Paper mills; Paperboard Mills; Paperboard container manufacturing; Coated and laminated paper, packaging paper, and plastics film manufacturing; All other paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing; Stationery product manufacturing; Sanitary paper product manufacturing; All other converted paper product manufacturing; Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing; Upholstered household furniture manufacturing; Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing; Office furniture; Custom architectural woodwork and millwork manufacturing 7

Special thanks to Albert Myles, PhD, Extension Professor, and Alan Barefield, PhD, Extension Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, for their technical review and comments. The information given here is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products, trade names, or suppliers are made with the understanding that no endorsement is implied and that no discrimination against other products or suppliers is intended. Copyright 2012 by Mississippi State University. All rights reserved. This publication may be copied and distributed without alteration for nonprofit educational purposes provided that credit is given to the Mississippi State University Extension Service. By James E. Henderson, PhD, Assistant Extension Professor, Forestry, Mississippi State University; and Garen K. Evans, PhD, Adjunct Professor of Economics, Division of Social Sciences, HACC: Central Pennsylvania s Community College. Discrimination based upon race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or veteran s status is a violation of federal and state law and MSU policy and will not be tolerated. Discrimination based upon sexual orientation or group affiliation is a violation of MSU policy and will not be tolerated. Publication 2704 Extension Service of Mississippi State University, cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture. Published in furtherance of Acts of Congress, May 8 and June 30, 1914. GARY B. JACKSON, Director (POD-01-12)