Copyright 2013 The Hampton Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without written permission 1
Copyright 2013 by Richard A. Billows All rights reserved. Published by The Hampton Group, Inc. 3547 South Ivanhoe Street Denver, Colorado 80237 303 756-4247 Other Books Published by The Hampton Group, Inc: Project Manager s KnowledgeBase Advanced Project Management Techniques Managing Information Technology Projects Managing Construction Projects Managing Healthcare Projects Managing Complex Projects Available at http://www.projectmanagementbooks.com Screen shots reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation. All other product names and services identified throughout this book are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. They are used throughout this book in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies. No such uses, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with the book. All rights reserved. The text of this publication, or any parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-938561-46-7 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Microsoft is a registered trademark and Project and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Copyright 2013 The Hampton Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without written permission 2
Table of Contents Overview of the 5 Step 4PM Methodology... 4 5-Step 4PM Process... 4 Step One: Broadbrush Plan... 8 Technique #1 Defining the Project Scope... 10 Technique #2 Requirements & High-level Deliverable Network. 14 Technique #3 Charter: Problem Avoidance... 17 Step Two: Work Breakdown Structure... 20 Technique #4 Using Project Software... 23 Technique #5 Decomposition of the Work Breakdown Structure28 Step Three: Dynamic Schedules... 32 Technique # 6 Task Sequence... 33 Step Four: Assigning People to Tasks... 41 Technique #7: Clear Assignments & Estimates... 41 Technique #8 Critical Path... 52 Technique #9 Team Leadership... 55 Step Five: Tracking Results... 59 Technique #10 Tracking Actuals vs. Baseline... 60 Technique #11 Problem Solving and Reporting... 63 Technique #12 Closing the Project, Making the Next Project Easier... 64 About the Author... 67 Copyright 2013 The Hampton Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without written permission 3
Overview of the 5 Step 4PM Methodology I've titled this book Healthcare Project Essentials and it's just that. We re going to take you through a five-step process for planning projects, developing a work breakdown structure, building a dynamic schedule, assigning people to tasks and tracking results. There are things this book will not teach you. We won't deal with the statistics of risk or the alternative ways to develop work estimates or the cost accounting required for project budgets. You'll learn the essence of healthcare project management but not all of the detailed information in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ). I wrote this book for people running smaller projects with most of the project team coming from their own organization. You ll also learn to use project management software in a very straightforward way. This book has many illustrations of applying our 5-step methodology in Microsoft Project. Using project management software with this simple methodology is a big time saver so we recommend that approach. Our objective is not to spend a lot of time in the software. I designed the methodology so you spend only an hour or two developing the plan & schedule and then 10 or 15 minutes a week using the software to update it. You'll spend the rest of your time managing the project. In sum, Healthcare Project Essentials teaches you basic-level project management tools and techniques. It s appropriate for smaller healthcare projects and teams with a few people from different functional departments. Our more advanced publications like Managing Healthcare Projects, Managing Information Technology Projects, Managing Construction Projects and Advanced Project Management Techniques address the techniques required for managing larger, more complex projects. 5-Step 4PM Process We ve listed the 5 steps in the process on the chart on the next page along with the 12 best practices techniques you will learn. We re going to take you through a five-step process for planning projects, developing a work breakdown structure, building a dynamic schedule, assigning people to tasks and tracking results. 4
As you move through those five steps, you'll learn 12 best practice techniques for delivering projects on time. You'll go through the process of working with the hospital administrators and other interested parties who will be affected by your project (we ll call them project stakeholders). Healthcare Project Essentials The 12 best practice techniques you'll learn are: 1. Defining the Project Scope As a Measured Business Result 2. Decomposing the Scope into a Deliverable Network 3. Avoiding Problems with the Project Charter 4. Using Project Software in 10 Minutes a Week 5. Decomposing Deliverables into a Work Breakdown Structure 6. Sequencing Your Tasks to Finish As Early As Possible 7. Making Clear Assignments to Your Project Team 8. Using the Critical Path to Optimize Your Schedule 9. Leading a High-Performance Team 10. Using the Baseline to Spot Problems Early 11. Solving Problems and Reporting to Hospital Administrators 12. Closing Projects to Make the Next One Easier 5
Key Outputs from the 5-step Process Broadbrush Project Plan The Broadbrush Plan is a concise 1½-page document for project initiation. It allows executives to make decisions and exercise strategic control over projects and the business value they produce. It also provides them with hard-edged metrics for measuring performance and the quality of the deliverables. Scope & High-Level Deliverable Network This network of deliverables is the path from where you are now to where you want to be, which is the scope of the project. Every entry in the network is a deliverable that you define with a metric. The metric tells everyone what you will produce and how you will define success. Work Breakdown Structure Decomposition Rather than creating mindless "to do" lists, project managers (PMs) craft work breakdown structures by breaking down the scope into a high-level deliverable network of measurable results that become peoples' accountabilities. Every team member's assignment is in the form of a measurable business outcome so their accountability is crystal clear. The resulting WBS is compact so the PM can control the scope and update it quickly and control the project scope. You will support each entry with a work package that makes the details clear so they miss nothing. The PM and the hospital administrators have unambiguous checkpoints to measure progress. Dynamic Project Scheduling PMs use dynamic project scheduling techniques that let them update plans in just minutes each week and quickly model alternatives to cut duration, lower budgets and adjust the business value a project produces. These techniques give hospital administrators the hard data they need for decisionmaking and consideration of alternatives. Status Reporting with Clear Checkpoints With weekly tracking, PMs and hospital administrators have hard-edged checkpoints to measure progress. They can anticipate problems and implement corrective action early, when it costs the least. PMs make concise status reports on 6
projects and always offer alternatives for the administrators to consider. Healthcare Project Essentials 7
Step One: Broadbrush Plan You will start your project management work by defining the scope of the project with the hospital administrator. That is, you ll define the business objective the hospital administrator wants the project to deliver. When you set about defining the scope during project planning there are a number of traps to avoid. One trap is thinking about what you have to do rather than the project s end results. Thinking about the activities you need to complete is much easier than thinking about the business outcome the project should produce. This is the activity trap where you focus on the details and ignore the project s business purpose. In the activity trap, a PM receives a project assignment, thinks about the first thing to do and starts work, figuring to think about the next step when they come to it. Sometimes, PMs cloak their descent into the activity trap by writing a long and flowery mission statement for the project. This does no harm unless it is a substitute for politely pushing the hospital administrator to make the hard end result decisions up front. You need to specify exactly what the project will deliver and what it will not deliver. The hospital administrator has to make this decision and tell you how he will judge the success of the project. Being that explicit at the beginning may cause some discussion and disagreement but it is far better to work through those conflicts before you start work rather than discovering the success measures when you are almost done. Unfortunately, the activity trap snares so many PMs that it is one of the two leading causes of project failure. The activity trap wastes resources and frustrates project team members with continuously changing assignments. The lure of the activity trap, that bottomless pit, has ruined countless projects. 8