Enterprise Statistics Division, Research and Statistics Department April 30, 2002 Points on the Preliminary Report on the 2001 Basic Survey of Japanese Business Structure and Activities Points of this survey The total number of full-time employees per commerce, mining and corporation increased compared to the previous year, due to an increase of part-time workers, in spite of a decrease of full-time workers. The number of temporary employees employed by enterprises was 259 thousand, which accounted for 2.5% of the total number of full-time employees. The dominant sales rate of industry has hit its highest rate of 84.5% since the start of survey. The number of domestic subsidiaries owned by enterprises dropped, while overseas subsidiaries owned by them increased. Research and development expenses per enterprise were 1.45 billion, increased by 8.1% compared to the previous year. The percentage of research and development expenses in total sales slightly dropped from a year earlier. The rate of corporations which implemented e-commerce was 20.8%. The rate of corporations which implemented outsourcing of businesses was 71.7%. The businesses where the high rate of enterprises implemented outsourcing were information processing, environment / security and general administrative procedure businesses. Number of corporations and main figures on operation per corporation Total Total Per corporation number of Total number of full-time Number of Number of offices Sales ( million) corporations employees subsidiaries FY FY FY Changes (%) FY Changes (%) FY 26,713 11.3 387 22,576 6.5 23,907 11.3 11.8 390 391 0.2 22,047 23,172 5.1 6.8 6.6 Mining 62 3.9 4.2 175 160-8.8 9,253 13,205 42.7 6.7 6.0 Manufacturing 13,491 6.0 6.0 397 385-2.9 18,384 19,647 6.9 7.1 6.9 6,394 1 10.4 242 238-1.4 32,550 34,021 4.5 7.6 7.2 3,537 27.1 28.1 548 577 5.3 18,230 18,977 4.1 4.1 4.0 Eating and drinking places 423 73.1 82.2 1,265 1,378 8.9 7,515 8,169 8.7 2.8 2.9 -card and installment finance 103 16.5 1,836 189,412 10.2 82 25.5 646 31,826 4.1 2,621 6.5 281 10,289 4.9 Note: The number of subsidiaries per corporation = Total number of subsidiaries / Number of corporations which own subsidiaries 1
Summary of the survey 1. Outline of the survey The survey is to obtain base data regarding business measures by manifesting the actual situation of business activities. 2. Time The survey was conducted regarding results of FY and the end of FY as of June 1, 2001. 3 Subject Targets of the survey are corporations engaged in businesses with both a capital of 30 million minimum and 50 or more employees, including mining,, wholesale trade, retail trade, eating and drinking places, electric industry, gas industry, credit card and loan business, and service*. * Service industry means the summary of photographic development and printing services, ceremonial occasions ( excluding mutual aid society ), golf courses, amusement and theme parks, machinery repair business, leasing of goods, movie and video production business, software business, data processing and supply service, advertising agency services, engineering industry and individual instruction places. 2
1. Employment situation The number of full-time employees per commerce, mining and corporation was 391.1 and increased by 0.2% compared to the previous year. By type of employment, the number of full-time workers decreased by 1.9%, while part-time workers increased by 8.9%. The part-time rate increased by 1.7 points to 21.5%, and on the upward trend primarily in retailing industry (48.5%). Figures on employment per corporation Total number of full-time employees FY Change (%) FY Change (%) FY Change (%) 390.3 391.1 0.2 313.0 307.0-1.9 77.3 84.2 8.9 Mining 175.3 159.8-8.8 173.8 156.9-9.7 1.5 2.9 93.3 Manufacturing 396.5 385.0-2.9 366.0 354.5-3.1 30.5 30.5 241.7 238.3-1.4 214.6 211.4-1.5 27.1 26.9-0.7 547.8 576.9 5.3 298.3 297.3-0.3 249.5 279.5 12.0 drinking places 1,265.4 1,378.0 8.9 306.0 336.4 9.9 959.5 1,041.5 8.5 -card and installment finance Services* Type of employment Full time workers Part time workers 1,835.9 1,789.8 46.1 646.4 489.5 156.9 280.5 257.1 23.4 person 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Number of full-time workers and part time rate per corporation by industry and by type of employment Full time Part time Part time rate 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 FY FY1995 FY FY FY FY FY1995 FY FY FY FY FY1995 FY FY FY FY FY1995 FY FY FY FY FY1995 FY FY FY FY FY Mining Manufacturing Eating and drinking places Gas & Elec. 0 3
Note: Service industry in tables and service in graphs mean the summary of photographic development and printing services, ceremonial occasions ( excluding mutual aid society ), golf courses, amusement and theme parks, machinery repair business, leasing of goods, movie and vide production business, software business, data processing and supply service, advertising agency services, engineering industry and individual instruction places. The number of temporary employees employed by enterprises was 259 thousand, which accounted for 2.5% of the total number of full-time employees. The number of temporary employees per corporation was 9.7. Rate of temporary employees in total full-time employees Number of full-time employees Number of temporary employees Temporary rate Number of temporary employees per corporation Total 10,327,891 258,885 2.5 9.7 9,350,702 212,619 2.3 8.9 Mining 9,909 71 0.7 1.1 Manufacturing 5,193,636 155,807 3.0 11.5 1,523,894 30,214 2.0 4.7 2,040,383 25,687 1.3 7.3 Eating and drinking places 582,880 840 0.1 2.0 189,093 1,086 0.6 10.5 -card and installment finance 53,006 5,832 11.0 71.1 Services* 735,090 39,348 5.4 15.0 2. Development situation of business The dominant sales rate 1 of industry was 84.5%, up by 1.5 points compared to the previous year. The rate rose for two years in a row and has hit its highest rate since the start of survey. As for business expansion other than the corporation s main businesses, wholesaling related to the main business in industry stood out. Dominant sales rate FY FY1995 FY FY FY Manufacturing industry 8 81.8 81.7 82.0 81.8 83.0 84.5 1 Dominant sales rate = Sales of No.1 business in sales Total sales 100 4
General machinery Dominant sales rate of industry Precision instrument Transportation Electricity Metals Dominant sales rate of industry Others Food 95.0 9 85.0 8 75.0 7 65.0 Drinking Textiles Clothes Timber Furniture Paper/pulp Dominant sales rates of gas and electricity, credit card and loan business, and service industries* Dominant sales rates of gas and electricity, credit card, installment finance and service industries Individual instruction places Engineering Publicity agents 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 Photofinishing Ceremonial service Nonferrous Publication Information processing Golf courses Iron Chemistry Filmmaking Amusement parks Ceramics Leather Rubber Plastics Petroleum Commodity leasing FY Machienry maintenance FY The number of commerce, mining and enterprises who owned subsidiaries and affiliated enterprises 2 (to be mentioned as subsidiaries ) was 10,841, which equals 45.4% of the total. Among the enterprises, the percentage of those who owned only domestic subsidiaries was 67.4%, those which owned both domestic and overseas subsidiaries was 25.1% and those which owned only overseas subsidiaries was 7.5%. The number of domestic subsidiaries was 54,000, decreased by 2.7% compared to the previous year. The number of overseas subsidiaries was 18,000, decreased by 2.5% compared to the previous year. Among the subsidiaries, the number of, subsidiaries was 11,000 and increased by 0.8%. The rate of main business 3 of domestic subsidiaries in industry remained steady, while in eating and drinking places, wholesale trade and retail trade dropped compared to the previous year. The rate of main business in overseas subsidiaries rose in and wholesaling industry. 2 Subsidiaries are enterprises who capitalize over 50% of the total issued shares, capital or investments (except for sub-subsidiaries). Affiliated enterprises are enterprises who capitalize between 20% and 50% of the total issued shares, capital or investments (except for sub-subsidiaries) 3 Rate of main business Main business: Business of the parent enterprise Rate of main business = Number of subsidiaries engaged in the main business 5 Total number of subsidiaries 100
Number of domestic subsidiaries per enterprise Number of domestic subsidiaries per company Company 12.0 1 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 6.2 5.55.3 5.4 5.85.7 5.85.5 3.93.8 2.72.8 9.9 FY 4.3 3.6 mfg. Mining Mfg. Eating and drinking places Number of overseas subsidiaries per enterprise Number of overseas subsidiaries per company FY company 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 5.3 5.1 2.0 2.3 4.5 4.5 8.2 7.5 2.4 2.7 1.7 1.6 3.7 4.0 4.1 Commerce, mining and mfg. Mining Mfg. Eating and drinking places Gas and electricity 7 6 5 Rate of main business of domestic Rate of main business of domestic subsidiaries subsidiaries FY 8 7 6 Rate of main business of overseas Rate of main subsidiaries business of overseas subsidiaries FY 4 3 5 4 3 2 2 1 Mfg. Eating and drinking places 6 1 Mfg. Eating and drinking places
3. Situation related to research and development The rate of employees engaged in research and development per commerce, mining and corporation in the total full-time workers was 5.0%. The rate increased by 0.2 points compared to the previous year, though the number of full-time workers tended to decrease. The number of employees engaged in research and development per corporation was 50.2, up by 1.3 peoples from a year earlier. The number in industry was 53.6, up by 0.7 peoples from the previous year. Research and development expenses per commerce, mining and corporation were 1.31 billion, up by 8.6% from the previous year. Research and development expenses in industry were 1.45 billion, up by 8.1%. The rate of research and development expenses in total sales in industry was 3.99%, which slightly dropped compared to the previous year. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 FY ( million) 1600 1400 Number of employees engaged in research and development per enterprise and its rate in total full-time employees by industry Number of employees engaged in research and development per company and its rate in total full-time employees by industry Number of employees engaged in research and development Percentage in total full-time employees 1997 Mining Manufacturing 1999 Eating and drinking places Amount of research and development expenses per enterprise and Amount of research and development expenses per company and its rate its in rate sales in sales by industry Electricity/gas Research and developm ent expenses per company Rate in sales 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 4.50 4.00 1200 3.50 1000 3.00 800 2.50 2.00 600 1.50 400 1.00 200 0.50 0 Mining Manufacturing 7 1997 1999 Eating and drinking places 0
4. Situation of corporate profits The total amount of sales of enterprises was 603 trillion. Among of which, the amount of commerce, mining and corporations was 554 trillion, increased for the first time in four years by 1.6% from a year earlier. As for the amount of sales per corporation, sales of commerce, mining and corporations were 23.2 billion, gas and electric industry were 189.4 billion, credit card and loan business were 31.8 billion and service* were 10.3 billion. The ratio of current profit to sales was 3.3%, and the ratio of operating profit to sales was 3.5%. The rate of profit-making enterprises by the ratio of current profit to sales was 85.9%. Particularly in credit card and loan business, gas and electric industry and wholesale trade where more than 90% of enterprises produced surplus. Composition rate of companies by the ratio of current profit to sales Composition rate of companies Composition rate of enterprises by the ratio of current 10%<Profit rate by the ratio of current profit to sales 0% Profit rate 4% profit to sales 4%<Profit rate 10% -4% Profit rate<0% -10% Profit rate<-4% Profit rate<-10% ate of profit-making corporations 2.8 Rate of profit-making corp Total 7.2 19.4 59.3 9.5 1.8 FY 85.9% 3.6 Commerce, mining and Commercial mining and 5.4 6.7 16.3 18.4 62.0 61.3 11.2 9.8 2.6 1.5 1.2 83.7% FY 86.4% Manufacturing -4%<Profit rate 0% -10% Profit rate<-4% 2.3 Profit rate -10% Labor s relative share 4 11.0 (rate of the total wages 76.5 in added value) was 53.5%. 7.8 0.6 Among that, in 2.9 commercial mining and corporations was 57.8%, decrease by 1.3 points 1.2 compared to 2.1 2.9 the previous year. 0.9 Labor productivity 5 11.0 was 10.46 million. Among 67.9 that, in commercial mining 15.7 and FY 81.0% corporations was 2.1 9.45 million, increased by 8.1% compared to the previous year. 2.7 0.6 4 Eating and 5 Eating and Drinking places 7.8 9.8 6.3 17.6 56.0 15.2 3.3 1.6 Labor s relative share = Total wages / Amount of added value X 100 Labor productivity 3.5 22.5 = Amount of added value 56.5 / Number of full-time employees 12.5 3.8 1.2 FY 82.5% drinking places Amount of added value = Operating profit + Total wages + Rental expenses + Depreciation expenses + Taxes and public charges Electricity/ Gas Electricity and Gas 8.7 Labor s relative share by industry and labor productivity Labor productivity Labor s relative share 1 9.7 1 21.1 23.7 46.3 27.5 43.7 67.2 76.2 54.0 52.6 44.2 35.4 38.8 6.9 10.3 16.9 9.1 17.1 4.2 9.6 4.9 4.7 3.2 2.9 1.7 2.1 1.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 7.2 82.9% FY 86.1% 88.2% FY 90.4% 79.3% 79.9% FY 91.2% FY 98.8% FY 81.7% 8
Labor share 4 (rate of the total wages in added value) was 53.5%. Among that, in commerce, mining and corporations was 57.8%, decrease by 1.3 points compared to the previous year. Labor productivity 5 (amount of added value per people) was 10.46 million. Among that, in commerce, mining and corporations was 9.45 million, increased by 8.1% compared to the previous year. 6,000 10 thousand Labor s relative share by industry and labor productivity Labor share by industry and labor productivity Labor productivity Labor share 8 5,000 4,000 7 6 5 3,000 4 2,000 1,000 0 1997 1999 Electricity/gas 3 2 1 5. Situation of business subcontract The amount of subcontract expenses of enterprises was 40.9 trillion, which accounted for 13.4% of cost of goods sold. Industries such as gas and electric, and service* indicated high ratio of subcontracted businesses per enterprises. 4 Labor share = Total wages Amount of added value 100 5 Labor productivity = Amount of added value / Number of full-time employees Amount of added value = Operating profit + Total wages + Rental expenses + Depreciation expenses + Taxes and public charges 9
Situation of business subcontract Number of subcontract companies Rate of subcontract companies Subcontract expenses ( 100 million) Rate of subcontract expenses in cost of goods sold (%) Total 16,842 63.0 408,839 13.4 14,747 61.7 352,373 13.1 Mining 37 59.7 249 6.5 Manufacturing 10,907 80.8 305,883 17.9 2,455 38.4 36,982 4.7 Eating and drinking 1,262 35.7 8,891 4.8 places 86 20.3 369 7.6 Electricity/gas 87 84.5 9,876 7.5 -card and installme 36 43.9 538 6.1 1,972 75.2 46,052 21.7 Note: In credit card and loan business and service*, the rate of subcontract expenses in cost of goods sold means the rate of subcontract expenses in operating expenses. 6. Information situation The number of enterprises which implemented e-commerce was 5,294 (20.8%). Businesses where the high rate of enterprises implemented e-commerce were credit card and loan business, and electric machinery and equipment wholesale trade of wholesale trade. As for targets of the e-commerce trading, enterprises were 79.6% and individuals were 3%. 78.2% of economic activities using e-commerce were used for sales, and 32.6% were used for purchasing. Utilization Utilization rate rate of of e-commerce by industry Use Unuse Mining Manufacturing Eating and drinking places Electricity/gas 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 10
Trading targets of e-commerce (multiple answers) Corporation Trading targets of e-commerce Government implementin s Individuals s implement e- Total 25,401 5,294 4,216 1,589 43 20,107 Rate of use (20.8) 79.6 3 0.8 (79.2) 22,717 4,743 3,774 1,409 41 17,974 Rate of use (20.9) 79.6 29.7 0.9 (79.1) Mining 58 1 1 0 0 57 Rate of use (1.7) 10 (98.3) Manufacturing 12,895 2,589 2,230 547 24 10,306 Rate of use (20.1) 86.1 21.1 0.9 (79.9) 6,069 1,420 1,185 387 13 4,649 Rate of use (23.4) 83.5 27.3 0.9 (76.6) 3,312 678 329 443 4 2,634 Rate of use (20.5) 48.5 65.3 0.6 (79.5) Eating and drinking places 383 55 29 32 0 328 Rate of use (14.4) 52.7 58.2 (85.6) 99 13 13 4 0 86 Rate of use (13.1) 10 30.8 (86.9) edit-card and installment finan Number of corporations Total number of companies Number of corporations who do not 81 31 13 28 0 50 Rate of use (38.3) 41.9 90.3 (61.7) 2,504 507 416 148 2 1,997 Rate of use (20.2) 82.1 29.2 0.4 (79.8) Note: Figures inside the parentheses of the fields of the utilization rate means the rate in the number of enterprises which responded to the survey. The utilization rate means the rate in the number of companies which have used e-commerce. The total of the rates are not 100% because the survey was a multiple-answer type. 7. Situation of outsourcing The rate of enterprises which have implemented outsourcing of businesses was 71.7%. The rate of outsourcing is high in information processing businesses, environment / security businesses and general administrative procedure businesses. Businesses which expect to expand outsourcing in the future are information processing and distribution businesses. 11
Outsourced businesses at present Information processing Research/planning Design/planning General administrative procedure Welfare Financial affairs and accounting Employee education Public relations Distribution Environment/security Research and development 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Businesses which expect to increase outsourcing Information processing Research/planning Design/planning General administrative procedure Welfare Financial affairs and accounting Employee education Public relations Distribution Environment/security Research and development 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12
8. Situation of business management As for the state of the introduction of the stock option system, the number of implemented enterprises in commerce, mining and industry was 924, up by 139 enterprises compared to the previous year. The percentage of the group of people who are given the right in the implemented enterprises was high in board members and some executives, followed by board members and all employees and all board members. State of the introduction of stock option system ( industry) (Company 1000 900 800 700 600 All board members 5.6% Some board members 4.9% 500 400 300 200 522 615 785 924 Board members and all employees 25.3% Board members and some executives 64.2% 100 0 FY FY 13