From OPEN Alliance BroadR-Reach PHYs to IEEE 802.3bp RTPGE The Development of Next-Generation Automotive Ethernet PHYs Mehmet Tazebay, Sesha Panguluri, and Ali Abaye Infrastructure & Networking Group September 25, 2013 1
Agenda OPEN Alliance BroadR-Reach Ethernet Next-Generation Features for BroadR-Reach Ethernet Next-Generation Automotive PHYs Summary 2
What Is BroadR-Reach Ethernet? BroadR-Reach PHY operates with bidirectional transmission over one-pair UTP. Full-Duplex MAC I/O (MII) 100 Mbps RX MAC PHY 100 Mbps TX Full-Duplex PHY I/O 100 Mbps 100 Mbps Full-Duplex MAC I/O (MII) 100 Mbps TX PHY MAC 100 Mbps RX BroadR-Reach Automotive PHY Leverages technology already proven in IEEE-standard BASE-T PHYs. Supports single-pair automotive cabling and connectors. Has a shorter channel-reach objective (15m over UTP channels). Mitigating EMC Performance Advanced DSP meets automotive emissions masks. PAM-3 for high noise immunity. More cost-effective than MOST and LVDS Huge savings on cabling cost, weight, and thickness. 3
BroadR-Reach Ethernet: Optimize the PHY, Nothing Else Changes. Star Networks Point-to-point connections 100% available full-bandwidth Switches LAN-oriented Higher layer doesn t care beyond the MAC MII interface. Higher layers are insulated from the physical layer. Media-independent: UTP copper, STP copper, fiber, coax, POF, etc. PHY-independent: 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T2, 100BASE-T4, 100BASE-FX, or 100 Mbps BroadR-Reach Ethernet Standard Ethernet Switch/ Controller BroadR- Reach PHY BroadR- Reach PHY Standard Ethernet Switch/ Controller 4
Current Status of BroadR-Reach Technology OPEN Alliance BroadR-Reach Ethernet (OABR) specification released 169 Open Alliance members as of Sept. 2013. Meets Auto EMC/EMI requirements Validated by multiple OEMs. Passes CISPR 25 Class 5, component-level ALSE method with margin. Complete AEC-Q100 portfolio of OABRcompliant PHYs and switches is in production and shipping today. Meets IEEE audio/video time synchronization streaming requirements (AVB). 360 Camera System Onboard Diagnostics Infotainment Huge industry support, adoption, and ecosystem Multiple sources of system component vendors exist (cables, connectors, magnetics, etc.) Ready for Prime-Time in the Car 5
Next-Generation Features Energy-Efficient Operation Needs to be optimized for harsh EMC/noise requirements for automotive use. Enables critical energy savings during periods of inactivity. Power over BroadR-Reach Ethernet Power and data over the same one-pair unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable Improved cost-efficiency with no dedicated wiring for power. Reduced cable weight. Power Meter Solution based on IEEE standards Power over Ethernet 1PPoDL, CFI-approved 6
Power over BroadR-Reach Ethernet Key Benefits to Automotive Ethernet Networking Cost Significant savings on cables/connectors; single cable for data and power. Fewer wires use less space; added flexibility for usage cases that have tight space constraints. Safety and Reliability Fewer connectors means higher reliability with less chance for failure or corrosion. Overload and over-temperature protection. Checks cable and connection integrity before powering on a device. Power turned off to a device if current limit (programmable) is reached. 7
Use Case: Power over BroadR-Reach Ethernet Endpoint modules (such as cameras) are powered by PoE. PoE provides the ability to selectively power on and power off cameras and other devices connected on the network. Able to monitor power drawn by each device on the network and to provide necessary protection from overload. Sensor Camera HW µc ENC MAC Host µc Right Camera Night Vision Telematics Back Guide Camera Power Filter BroadR- Reach PHY Parking Assist and Head Unit BroadR- Reach PHY BroadR- Reach PHY BroadR- Reach PHY BroadR- Reach PHY Switch Video Decode Engine Gbit MAC µc Video I/F Host µc Front Camera Power Over BroadR-Reach PHY Integrated Switch PoE (Power Sourcing Equipment) Power 8
IEEE 802.3 1PPoDL STATUS IEEE 802.3 1-Pair Power over Data Lines (1PPoDL) Call for interest accepted in July 2013. IEEE 802.3 study group meetings initiated in September 2013. Extends the benefits of Power over Ethernet to markets addressed by P802.3bp Reduced Twisted Pair Gigabit Ethernet (RTPGE). http://www.ieee802.org/3/1ppodl/index.html 9
The Road to Next-Generation Automotive PHYs 10
Roadmap to Next-Generation Automotive PHYs Leverages OABR to bring higher speeds to automotive networks. Build-on technology has already been proven in IEEE-standard PHYs. Supports single-pair automotive cabling (such as UTP). Optimizes EMC performance for next-generation PHYs. Advanced DSP with spectral shaping for emissions PAM-3/PAM-4 for high noise immunity Advanced fast training algorithms Maintains IEEE-standard MAC interfaces. Directly supports a higher-layer Ethernet ecosystem. 11
Ethernet PHY Evolution As data rates increase, Ethernet PHYs must become increasingly more sophisticated to operate over UTP cabling... 10BASE-T 20 Msps Manchester MII 100BASE-TX 125 Msps MLT-3 SMII/S3MII Scrambling Equalization One-Pair BroadR-Reach 100 Mb/s 1000BASE-T 125 Msps PAM-5 SGMII/RGMII Scrambling Equalization Four-Lane FDX Loop Timing Echo Canc. NEXT Canc. FEC (CC) IEEE 802.3bp RTPGE 10GBASE-T 800 Msps 128-DSQ XAUI/XFI Scrambling Equalization Four-Lane FDX Loop Timing Echo Cancellation NEXT Cancellation FEC (LDPC) Matrix FEXT Suppression EMI Mitigation TH Precoding PCS Frames Training Sequence Power Backoff Digital Calibration but silicon capacity is increasing too (Moore s Law). 12
Main Objectives of Next-Generation Automotive PHY Gigabit/sec operation over 1-pair UTP. Cable reach up to 15m for automotive applications. Automotive emissions and immunity requirements need to be met. 13
Technical Feasibility Traditional BASE-T approach: baseband, full-duplex. Cables and connectors must have sufficient channel capacity. Bandwidth, crosstalk, noise, and balance Digital feasibility: difficult to ever say no. Advanced communication theory Well-known DSP techniques to achieve efficiency Advanced CMOS processing to achieve higher speeds Advanced analog front ends for high-speed transceivers: High-resolution ADC High-precision DAC Low-jitter PLL 14
UTP Challenges for Next-Generation Automotive PHY Internal noise sources (some can be suppressed.) L1 L1 ANEXT AFEXT L2 Echo L2 Alien crosstalk from other cables in a bundle (noncancellable) Cable Bundle... 5 Outer Crosstalkers 1 Inner Victim 6" External interference (such as RFI) + - + - 15
Signaling for UTP Channels Twisted-pair cable channels favor narrow baseband communication strategies. UTP Cable Limit Lines 0 Insertion loss increases with frequency. Impairments increase with frequency. Crosstalk, return loss, etc. Balance degrades with frequency. Emissions, immunity, etc. Best strategy is to utilize the bandwidth efficiently Maximize the available channel capacity EMC mitigation & performance is critical. Multi-level signaling (Equalization, Echo Canceller) Trade-off between the emissions vs. immunity performance of the target signaling scheme & the channel. Balance parameter of the cables & connectors is important. Magnitude (db) -5-10 -15-20 -25-30 -35-40 -45-50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Frequency (MHz) Loss FEXT NEXT 16
System Performance Example Modulation and FEC: PAM-4 + LDPC -80 One-pair Gigabit PHY Analysis for a 15m 1-pair UTP link segment sig -90 anext/afext +noise ADC input simulated, dbm/hz (over 100ohm) -100-110 -120-130 -140 Salz SNR=34.5 db Y: -134.8 X: 1e+008 Limit line used in simulation -150 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 freq 8 x 10 The system operates with 20 db margin over 15m UTP cable. 17
802.3bp RTPGE Status RTPGE Targets Automotive Applications High-data-rate use cases, backbone interconnect, intra-domain interface, etc. Flexibility and cost-efficiency. Lengths consistent with the automotive applications. 15m with 4-inline connectors for the worst-case link segment. Typical use case requires 3.5m with 2-inline connectors. RTPGE Accomplishments Automotive application requirements and use cases were communicated to 802.3bp SF/TF by major OEMs. Channel and EMC Ad Hocs were established to define the channel & noise limit lines. The EMC effect was extensively studied and presented to 802.3bp Task Force. 1-pair solution is affirmed by the 802.3bp Task Force (05/14/2013 Victoria meeting). 802.3bp Task Force adopted some basic differential parameters (IL, Alien XTALK) for 15m 1-pair UTP automotive link segment (09/05/2013 York meeting). RTPGE Next Steps Completion of channel parameters and EMC/Noise limit lines. PMA baseline proposals will be discussed afterwards.. Start-up Process, PCS and FEC and etc. to follow. 18
Summary One-Pair BroadR-Reach 100 Mb/s PoE over BroadR-Reach is available today. New features are emerging (1PPoDL, energy-efficient operation). Next-Generation Automotive Gigabit PHY Feasible for One-Pair Unshielded Twisted Cable. Optimized for automotive requirements (EMC, MICE). Available after IEEE 802.3bp RTPGE standardization. Ethernet Enables Automotive Area Networks Scalable high-performance in-car network ecosystem. One-Pair BroadR-Reach 100 Mb/s provides a robust and cost-effective solution. Roadmap for higher data rates (one-pair 100 Mb/s One-Pair 1Gb/s, etc.) 19
Thank you for your attention! Questions? 20