Successful Interagency Collaboration Towards collaborative platforms for cross border trade Maria Rosaria Ceccarelli Chief, UN/CEFACT support Unit Trade and Economic Cooperation Division, UNECE ESCWA Expert Group Meeting on Transport and Trade Facilitation, Tunis, 2-3 June 2015 1 UNECE Global Standards Setting Transport Trade Energy Environmental policy Statistics Housing
Trade Facilitation One of UNECE s key objective is economic integration Trade Facilitation and the efficient trade data interchange are the key tools of UNECE to achieve this objective 3 Objectives o o Simple, transparent and effective processes for global business Efficient and automated exchange of information Outputs o Global Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business Recommendations and Standards Means o Public Private Sector Partnership over 200 experts from government and business o United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business - UN/CEFACT Meet virtually every week plus two Forums per year UN/CEFACT UN UN/ECOSOC UNECE UN/CEFACT Global Remit
Mission UN/CEFACT s mission is to improve the ability of business, trade and administrative organizations, from developed, developing and transitional economies, to exchange products and relevant services effectively. Its principal focus is on facilitating national and international transactions, through the simplification and harmonization of processes, procedures and information flows, and so contribute to the growth of global commerce 5 International Trade - Logistics, Transaction and Governance Layers Source: Marcel van Oosterhout 2008 (in David Hesketh s paper Weaknesses in the supply chain: who packed the box?
Buy-Ship-Pay BUY SHIP PAY Prepare for Export Export Transport Prepare for Import Import Commercial Procedures Establish Contract Order Goods Advise On Delivery Request Payment Packing Inspection Certification Accreditation Warehousing Transport Procedures Establish Transport Contract Collect, Transport and Deliver Goods Provide Waybills, Goods Receipts Status reports etc. INVOLVES Regulatory Procedures Obtain Import/Export Licences etc Provide Declarations Provide Cargo Declaration Apply Trade Security Procedures Clear Goods for Export/Import Financial Procedures Provide Credit Rating Provide Insurance Provide Finance Execute Payment Issue Statements Source: The UN/CEFACT International Supply Chain Reference Model 7 TRADE FACILITATION Simplification Harmonization Standardization Eliminating all unnecessary elements and duplications in formalities, processes and procedures Aligning national procedures, operations and documents with international conventions, standards and practices Developing internationally agreed formats for practices and procedures, documents and information
UN/CEFACT Outputs 9 Key Recommendations Key Recommendations Trade Facilitation Recommendations (over 30 Recommendations) Recommendation 1 - UN Layout Key for Trade Documents (ISO 6422) Recommendation 4 - Trade Facilitation Structures Recommendation 18 - Trade Facilitation Measures Recommendation 25 - UN/EDIFACT (ISO 9735) Recommendation 33 - Single Window Plus: Code Lists, such as Recommendation 16 UN/LOCODE Many are ISO Standards and covered in the WTO Trade Facilitation Negotiations 10
tfig.unece.org 1 1 Integrated Solutions to Support Trade Facilitation Reforms Analysis of Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade Business Process Analysis Trade Facilitation and E- Business Standards and Recommendations Guides and Tools Support and Outreach Services
Impact of the work some examples Recommendation 25 UN EDIFACT: The Global EDI Standard for trade. The 12 largest European ports alone process more than 1.8 billion messages annually based on UN/EDIFACT. UN/CCL Core Component Library: The UN/CCL, together with the UNECE Trade Data Element Directory (UN/TDED), forms the basis for the World Organization (WCO) Data Model for the exchange of related information world wide. Recommendation 16 UN/LOCODE: Use of UN/LOCODE helped reduce the costs of imports for a single company in China by almost 200 million USD per year! Recommendation 33 Single Window: 71 economies around the world, including UNECE and non UNECE Member States, have established Single Windows (SW) using this recommendation as a basis (World Bank Doing Business Report Data 2014). The use of Single Window saves in some of these countries up to 10% of the value of goods (World Bank study) Trade Facilitation Implementation Guide (TFIG): Over half a billion hits per month! Support to the Greek Government: Development of the Greek TF Roadmap reduced ranking in Logistics Performance Index from 49 to 24 in two years. Single Window UNECE Recommendation 33 Recommends Governments to establish Single Window for Cross Border Trade Defines features: one time submission..of standardized information and documents sharing of information amongst government agencies; coordinated controls and inspections of the various governmental authorities; Allow payment of duties and other charges; Be a source of trade related government information.
UNECE s Work for SWs UNECE Policy Rec.s UN/CEFACT UNECE Standards UN/CEFACT UNECE / UNNExT Guidelines, Briefs, Case Studies Outreach and Support WTO TF Agreement and Single Window Article 10.4 Single Window 4.1 Members shall endeavour to establish or maintain a single window 4.2 single submission of information 4.4.use information technology to support the single window. 16
Benefits of SWs: Evidence Senegal Benefits: Pre-clearance formalities from 4 days to 0.5 days Clearance from 18 to 9 days Export times - from 22 to 11 days revenue - from USD 625 Mlllion a year (2005) to 1.2 Bn a year (2011) Thaïland Benefits: Export costs reduced from 848 USD in 2007 to 595 Savings on logistic costs USD 1.5 Bn per year Number of documents for import from 12 to 3 Number of documents for export from 9 to 4 Time to export from 24 to 14 days Source: UNECE Trade Facilitation Implementation Guide (2012) WTO Case Studies (2011) - UN/CEFACT SW Repository 17 After 12 years, some observations SWs have become a strategic national instruments to facilitate trade, enhance collaboration between trade related government agencies, and increase export competitiveness The goal of SW is not a SW! SW is more likely in developing economies! Various models of Single Window-like platforms have emerged, embracing both regulatory and logistics aspects of the supply chain need to integrate these!
Ground work: Improve the overall Trade Faciltiation Environment Facilitation of agriculture trade happens in a lager context High level policy support National Trade Facilitation Committee Legal reforms automation epayment system International expertise Single Window Architecture Plan. 19 UNECE Single Window Concept Establish a platform for collaboration between stakeholders Use ebusiness technology as a tool 20
Single Window Environment EU Single Window Environment * Development of automated platforms for stakeholder collaboration (IOS) These platforms will be networked Single Window is not a system, but a collaboration of systems (similar to Internet) Greece Architecture Greece Single Window is a network of IOS systems Independent, stepwise development Schedule:, MENOS (agriculture), Port SW,.. development of agriculture SW platform in Greece as a pilot for Greece Single Window *Reference: Venice Declaration October 2014: 21 Trade Single Window Health Brokers Trade SW Traders Agriculture Quarantine & SPS Agency Other government agencies
Emergence of Multiple Single Window-like Platforms Terminal Buyers/Importers Importer s Banks Freight Forwarders Airport Cargo Community Systems Traders Sellers/Exporters e-trade Exporter s Banks Freight Forwarders Hauler Port Community System (PCS) Port-equipment Ship Agents Warehouses Terminal Regulatory Agents Marine Airport Authorities Quarantine & SPS Agency Health Trade SW Brokers Traders Other government agencies Vessel Operator Terminal Operator Maritime SW Port Authority Ship Piloting Vessel Traffic Safety Terminal SW as a Collaborative Network of Information Systems Freight Forwarders Buyers/Importers Importer s Banks Airport Cargo Community Systems Airport Authorities Quarantine & SPS Agency Traders Sellers/Exporters e-trade Health Trade SW Exporter s Banks Single Window Collaborative Environment Brokers Traders Other government agencies Freight Forwarders Vessel Operator Hauler Terminal Operator Port Community System (PCS) Port-equipment Ship Agents Maritime SW Port Authority Warehouses Terminal Regulatory Agents Marine Ship Piloting Vessel Traffic Safety
Collaboration Scenario between IOIS Regulatory Agencies Food and Veterinary Border Control Safety and Security Civil Aviation Other OGAs NSW Environment of Interoperability between NSW & PCS PCS Transport Related to a Airport Ground Handlers Terminal Transporters Freight Forwarders Warehouses Air Carriers Collaboration Framework for Single Window-type Platforms Managerial Legal Trade Single Window NSW PCS AirPort Community System Technical Business
UNECE current and future work on Single Window Preparation of a White Paper on Single Window Environment 2015 Possible Round Table on SW Environment in late 2015 UNECE UN/CEFACT Symposium on Future SW Next Steps by late 2016? All UNECE and UN/CEFACT Recommendations, codes, standards and publications are available for free on our website at: www.unece.org/ www.unece.org/trade www.unece.org/cefact/ tfig.unece.org E-mail: maria.ceccarelli@unece.org