Solving Challenges in the Development of a True Automotive Ethernet Physical Interface

Solving Challenges in the Development of a True Automotive Ethernet Physical Interface Herausforderungen und deren Lösung bei der Entwicklung einer spezifischen Ethernet Schnittstelle für den automobilen Einsatz Günter Sporer Director Ethernet Segment NXP Semiconductors Germany GmbH

In-Vehicle Networking A Fast Growing, Differentiated, Competitive Market 1000Mbit/s 100Mbit/s 10Mbit/s Network Backbone Infotainment ADAS Chassis 1Mbit/s Power train 2500 2000 1500 1000 Opportunities Body electronics 7% growth IVN nodes show 10% growth Major redesign of E/E arch. at most worldwide OEMs 40 30 20 10 0 Worldwide IVN Nodes (Mnodes) nodes/car 96 01 06 11 16 20 Challenges Value chain under pressure Multiple differentiators Slow return of investments YTD Daimler S-Class >100 nodes Different OEMs, different complexity, needs, solutions 20kbit/s Body 500 0 200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019 CAN LIN Safety Bus Flexray MOST Ethernet Source: Strategic Analytics October 2012 Tata Nano 2 nodes 2

Why a New Standard: Automotive Ethernet More complex car applications require more bandwidth and flexibility Ethernet is a scalable networking technology PHY needs to be made automotive robust All other parts of Ethernet standard can be re-used...also across car platforms and car configurations However, today s LIN, CAN, FlexRay will continue to be used for a long time... CAN FlexRay Ethernet Linear Bus Daisy Chain Star Arch. Tree Arch. 3

Ethernet for Automotive Selecting the right standard 4

Ethernet standards Overview twisted-pair Per twisted pair 100Mbit/s, 125MBaud, uni-directional Standard Ethernet for Consumer & Computing market 100Base-TX (Fast Ethernet) 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet) MII GMII 4B/5B 8B/9B NRZI 9B/4Q MLT-3 PAM-5 PMD PMD >>> Transmit >>> <<< Receive <<< Per twisted pair 250Mbit/s, 125MBaud, bi-directional <<<Transmit & Receive>>> <<<Transmit & Receive>>> <<<Transmit & Receive>>> <<<Transmit & Receive>>> Proprietary Ethernet BroadR-Reach MII 4B/3B 3B/2T PAM-3 PMD Per twisted pair 100Mbit/s, 66.6MBaud, bi-directional <<<Transmit & Receive>>> Conclusion: BroadR-Reach Technology most promising for 1st generation automotive applications Due to the standardized MII interface, the PHY technology can be exchanged. 5

BroadR-Reach Emission Measurement Fast Ethernet spectrum interferes with radio FM-range BroadR-Reach encoding allows to keep the spectrum below 70MHz 6

Ethernet for Automotive Taken from Consumer/Telecom or Developed grounds up for Automotive 7

Reduce the Bill of Materials 1. Fast Ethernet transformer PHY less wires 2. BroadR-Reach from consumer PHY ext. filter network choke 3. BroaR-Reach developed for Automotive (TJA1100) less parts PHY choke Int. filter 8

Ethernet for Automotive Developed for Automotive Vbat 36V Keep alive even during ECU shutdown Wake up through bus activity 9

TJA1100 - Automotive Low Power VBAT Supply WU/INH signal Processor MAC PHY Automotive Low Power with TJA1100 Supply, Processor and MAC switched off PHY keeps partly alive via VBAT (clamp-30) Wake-up on link activity detection Power consumption in 300μW range VBAT Supply WU signal Processor MAC PHY Low Power with standard PHYs Processor and MAC switched off PHY keeps supplied by dedicated regulator Wake-up on link activity detection Power consumption in 2mW range Power Supply Supply WU signal Processor MAC PHY Wake-on-LAN (e.g. in PCs) Only Processor can be switched off PHY and MAC keeps supplied by regulator Wake-up on Magic Packet frame Power consumption in >1W range 10

TJA1100 Application with remote wakeup support In Sleep micro and power unit are switched off. Upon activity detection on Ethernet wires, TJA1100 activates ECU via INH signal No external LPF expected lowest BOM application ubat Power Unit 3.3V 1.xV Common mode termination Microcontroller MAC (R)MII MDC MDIO INTn RSTn WAKE VDDIO1,2 VDDA_3V3 VDDA_TX INH TJA1100 VBAT VDDD_1V8 VDDA_1V8 TRX_P TRX_M XI XO 25MHz 11

TJA1100 Application without remote wakeup support VBAT pin simply connected to 3.3V, INH pin can be left open No external LPF expected lowest BOM application ubat Power Unit 3.3V 1.xV Common mode termination Microcontroller MAC (R)MII MDC MDIO INTn RSTn EN VDDIO1,2 VDDA_3V3 VDDA_TX INH TJA1100 VBAT VDDD_1V8 VDDA_1V8 TRX_P TRX_M XI XO 25MHz 12

Ethernet for Automotive Developed for Automotive... and taking care of some of the specifics of modern automotive In-Vehicle Networks 13

Partial Networking Generic Idea of Partial Networking PN-enabled networks are capable of operating only those parts of a network that are functionally required at a given time Without Partial Networking: With Partial Networking: ECU on All ECUs active ECU on Only selected ECU off ECUs are active Lower power consumption; less CO 2 emissions; better fuel efficiency 14

Partial Networking concepts 3. Global wakeup via Ethernet line uc uc Funct. Cluster A Funct. Cluster B 1. Funct. Cluster B awake 2. Link wakeup Switch uc uc Funct. Cluster C PHY PHY PHY Switch PHY PHY PHY WUP Advanced Sleep and Wakeup concept for PHY PHY PHY Automotive Ethernet uc Switch uc Switch uc PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY Presented by Thomas Suermann during 2013 Automotive Ethernet Techday PHY PHY PHY uc uc uc Wakeup PHY PHY PHY uc uc uc PHY PHY PHY uc uc uc 15

Ethernet for Automotive... Whether taken from Consumer or Developed for automotive It has to work togehter!! 16

Compliance... 17

... and Interoperability 18

... and the result of working togehter is 19 May 26, 19 2014

Challenges solving them all in one device Automotive optimized Bill of Materials Transmitter optimized for transformer-less and receiver optimized for automotive cables Power Supply Concept Power supply concept dedicated to automotive environment, considering Battery voltage breakdowns (ISO 7637-4 pulse) Secure power-up/down scenarios w/ fast/slow voltage ramping Supply under-voltage detection with defined under-voltage behavior gap-free spec Temperature Range Operating Temperature over full range from -40 to 125 C Temperature protection, including warning limit & over-temperature shutdown EMC/ESD according to German OEM Hardware Requirements V1.2 Improved immunity (smart adaptive receive equalizer) ISO 7637 Pulses (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4) ESD (8kV HBM, 6kV IEC61000-4-2) Low Power Consumption Adaptive transmitter output amplitude Sleep mode with less than 50uA including wakeup capability Pinning and package Smallest package with wettable sides for optical soldering inspection 20

Future Challenges Competing Standards Ethernet vs Ethernet vs MOST vs LVDS (SerDes) Gigabit Ethernet, beyond Gigabit PoE / PoDL Pinout Standarization of Components LIN CAN, Flexray -> Ethernet (?) Deterministic Ethernet AVB -> TSN... 21 May 26, 21 2014

NXP Connects the Car 802.11p Radar 802.11p LF, UHF NFC Cellular NFC Car to Car -- Car to Infrastructure -- Car to Portable -- Inside the Car 22 May 26, 22014