Cap. Pawaxh Kohl +91-9990 399 638 P O T A T O S T O R A G E & V A L U E P R E S E R V A T I O N MAIN POINTS: Harvs crop oly wh sol ad pulp mpraurs fall bw 10 C ad 20 C. Rmov fld ha ad brg dow mpraur o pr-codog phas. Maa woud halg mpraur for 15 o 30 days a RH 95%. Tubr wll also maur durg hs prod. I hs prod mpraur should o rs abov 21 C. Afr woud halg prod, rduc mpraur abou half dgr a day o 7 o 10 C for log rm sorag (10 C o 12 C for Chp poaos). Lowr mpraurs wll caus sugar buld up ad dark surfac apparac. Maa RH 95 o 98% o mmz shrkag. Avod fr surfac war o ubr o prv sof ro dvlopm. Prv xcss accumulao of sol or dbrs ha could block vlao aroud surfac of ubrs. Sol clods caus poor ar crculao whch ca promo ro. Dampss ca caus dcay, s bs o o wash poaos bfor log rm sorag. STORAGE PHASES: Equalsao or dryg phas: ubr surfac mosur may d dryg. Vlao fa ru couously o qualz avrag pl mpraur o wh 2 C of avrag pulp mpraur. Woud Halg, pr-codog phas: 10 o 20 C a 85 o 95% RH for 15 o 30 days. Car s ak o avod war codsao. Tmpraurs upo 25 C ar also usd bu avod abov 25 C. Coolg phas: mpraur s brough dow o 7 o 10 C a abou 0.5 o 1 C pr day. Coolg ar should o b lowr ha 1.5 C ha h poaos. Ar flow maad o provd v coolg. Vlao wh cool mos ar. Holdg phas: holdg mpraur ad hgh RH maad. Irm vlao oly o corol CO² buld up ad maa O² lvls. Maa poaos a varous locaos wh 1 C pulp mpraur of o aohr. Rcodog phas: warmg up of h poao from holdg mpraur o prfrably wh 5 C of hadlg mpraurs o avod codsao, hadlg damag, rcovr color. CONTROLLING WEIGHT LOSS: Wgh loss (Shrkag) occurs du o physcal war loss (rasprao) ad rsprao. Rsprao loss s rlavly small ad amoug o abou 10% of oal war loss. Rlav Humdy: maa a RH of 95% or mor durg sorag. Parcularly durg arly prod wh bruss ar halg ad maurg procss s bg compld. O
Pag 2 of 8 avrag h maxmum shrkag (approx wo hrd) occurs durg frs 2 mohs of sorag. 7 6 Prc Shrkag 5 4 3 2 1 Immaur Maur Ovr Maur 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I ach maury cas frs wo mohs ar crcal corol prods. Poaos sord a low humdy lvl also suffr hghr pl ad rm losss. Tmpraur: a sorag mpraur of abou 13 C s opmal durg woud halg ad maurg phas. For logr sorag prods a mpraur of 7 o 10 C s prfrrd. Avod chagg mpraurs rapdly. Bfor rmoval from sorag, allow mpraur o rs o dcras brus suscpbly. Lowr mpraurs caus poao sarch o covr o sugar. Vlao: hgh vlao ras ca cras rasprao losss. Howvr coupld wh hgh humdy vrom, wgh loss s mmzd. Wh w spos ad rapd coolg s ocd, hghr vlao ras ar jusfabl. Oc holdg mpraur s rachd, vlao ca b rducd o abou 0.25 cfm pr 100 kgs of poao. Kp CO2 lvls a mmum wh ffc vlao. Always humdfy vlao ar ulss s cssary o dry h poaos. Icomg vlao should b a 95% RH ulss fr war s prs. I s o cssary o vla couously ulss clg codsao ad ubr ro s a problm. Couous vlao crass shrkag. Rduc h vlao ra wh op ubrs ar a sam mpraur as boh boom ubrs ad vlao ar. Irm (dscouous) vlao suffcs durg holdg prod. Typcally vlao ar should b coolr ha poao pulp mpraur, ls codsao ad fr war wll rsul (bu o lowr ha 1.6 C from pulp mpraur o mmz rasprao).
Pag 3 of 8 IMPACT of RH ad SHRINKAGE: Th sgl largs facor affcg Shrkag ras s Rlav Humdy. Sord poaos los wgh by shddg war o h surroudg ar (rasprao) ad hrough h physologcal rsprao procss. Traspraoal war loss ca b graly prohbv f o ffcly corolld. Ths cao b oally soppd bu ca b rducd by maag as hgh a RH as possbl. Shrkag du o rsprao far lss ad ffcvly corolld by mpraur maac. Maag Hgh RH s possbl wh crop s halhy, fr of bruss ad low prsc of dsass. Vlao wh hgh RH ar s spcally crcal durg al phas, soo afr harvs ad durg curg. Comparg wgh loss ovr sx moh prod of sorag a 10 C a varous RH lvls a 90% RH, shrkag s doubl ha a 95% RH. Typcal cold sors loos 7 o 10 % wgh hy maa 85 o 90% humdy. 24 EFFECT OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON POTATO WEIGHT LOSS 20 SHRINKAGE % 16 12 8 4 80% 85% 90% 95% 98% 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Mohs of Sorag Prparg h Cold Sor Th cold sor prparao mus bg wll bfor harvs. All compos of h cold sorag should b xamd, clad ad rpard as dd ad oprad so as o sablsh a sasfacory sorag vrom bfor h frs poao s roducd. Impora sps prparg h sorag clud hs:
Pag 4 of 8 Thoroughly cla h sorag spacs ad machry of prvous dbrs ad dr usg a prssurzd war ad sam as cssary. Dsfc qupm ad sorag srucur wh rcommdd marals. Maa sor clag rcords. Prform maac ad rpars o ducs ad srucur as dd. Cla dus ad dr from h fa blads. Chck damprs ad louvrs for fr movm. Calbra hrmosas, ssors, corols, humdfrs ad chck h fucog of lm swchs. Lubrca moors, cofrm workg good codo. Chck codsa dras ar fucoal. If usg rasd sorag floors, h sorag floor ca b w o hlp maa hgh humdy ally. Pr-coolg: Opra h r sysm so as o humdfy ad o cool h spac o 12 C a las 24 hours bfor poaos ar roducd. POTATO TRIVIA A poao s abou 80% war ad 20% sold. Idas Pru wr h frs o culva h poao ovr 4000 yars ago. Th Symara Idas Souh Amrca dvlopd ovr wo hudrd vars a lvaos of ovr 10,000 f ovr sa lvl. Th poao am s drvd from h Amrca Ida word "Baaa", & was roducd o Europ by Spash coqurors durg la 16 h Cury. A frs, poaos wr o accpd by Europas. Som bcaus poaos wr o par of h Bbl, whl ohrs arbud commo dsass o poaos. Today, h avrag Amrca as 140 pouds of poaos pr yar. Grmas a mor ha 210 pouds pr yar. Poao rlavs ar omaos, chlls ad obacco. Poaos ar h sabl d for 2/3 rd of h World. Cha s h hghs cosumr of Poaos. 100g of poaos gvs you 390kj, 100g rc: 445kj ad 100g brad: 1050kj. I 1995, poao plas wr ak o spac wh h spac shul Columba. Ths markd h frs m ay food was vr grow spac.
Pag 5 of 8 RELATIONSHIP: POTATO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY & TEMPERATURE Bologcal Acvy Poao Cagory 20 R o g R s p r a o S p r o u g 18 16 14 12 10 Curg 8 Procssg 6 War F r z g S w g 4 2 1 0 C Tmpraur Sd
Pag 6 of 8 APPENDIX - I Avrag cosus of poao pr 100 gms. Sl.No. Cosus Wgh (grams) 1. War 74.70 2. Carbohydras (Sarch ad 22.60 Sugar) 3. Pros 1.60 4. Fbr 0.40 5. Fa 0.10 6. Mrals 0.60 Sourc: Poao Ida, Cral Poao Rsarch Isu (CPRI), Shmla Characrscs of Poao F for Procssg Characrscs Typ of Poao Producs Dhydrad Frch Frs Chps Cad Tubr sz 30 50 40-60 35 Spcfc gravy 1.080 1.080 1.085 1.080 Dry mar (%) 22-25 20-23 22-25 18-20 Sarch (%) 15-19 14-16 15-18 12-24 Rducg Sugar 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.5 (%) Shaps / Szs prfrrd Mdum o larg szd Log oval shapd Roud o oval Small szd Sourc : Pos Harvs Maual for Expor of Poaos, APEDA, Nw Dlh. Charcoal ro La Blgh PATHOLOGICAL STORAGE DISEASES Formd darkd pachs o ubrs whch lar bcom war soakd ad black. Brow colourao of fcd ubrs, w ro sorag. Rqur arly harvsg, sd ram wh fugcds lk Ara or Agallol. Sd ram wh fugcds ad propr pr harvs cars should b ak. War Tubrs bcom udrszd Apply ha ram for ubrs. Sof ro Tubrs ar fcd hrough wouds. Wash ubrs wh chlorad war bfor sorag. Dry surfac war or us hgh v ra o sorg.
Pag 7 of 8 APPENDIX - II HARVESTING CARE : Th followg harvsg car should b ak : a) Follow h pracc of Dhaulmg [cug of haulms / aral pars by sckl or kllg by chmcals (.g. Gramoxo) or dsroyg by machs] wh h crop aas 80-90 days ad wh h aral par of h pla urs yllow. b) Always harvs dry wahr. c) Sop rrgao abou wo wks bfor dhaulmg. d) Avod brusg ad skg o mak ubrs lss suscpbl o ro dsass. ) Harvs h crop afr 10-15 days of haulm cug. DRYING AND CURING : A) Th followg car should b ak durg dryg: (a) Always dry h harvsd ubr quckly o rmov xcss mosur from h surfac of ubrs for mprovg hr kpg qualy. (b) Always dry h harvsd ubr sorag shd, xpos o su causs h grg of poaos. (c) Do o sor h ubrs mmdaly f hy ar xposd o ra afr harvs. B) Th followg car should b ak durg curg: (a) Follow h curg procss a 10 o 20 C wh a 95 % rlav humdy. (b) For opmum subrzao, curg s ssal for halg h wouds of ubrs rsuld from cug ad brusg durg harvsg. C) Th followg car should b ak durg sorg: (a) All h damagd ad dsasd ubrs should b rmovd durg sorg. Harvs h crop, dry wahr. Sop rrgao wo wks bfor dhaulmg. Avod brusg ad skg of ubrs durg harvsg. Dry h harvsd ubrs sorag. Spara h damagd ad dsasd ubrs bfor sorg. Grad h poaos maually or mchacally. Sor a 2-4 dgr cgrad cold sor for h purpos of prvg sproug. Us sprou hbors (.g., CIPC) o sor poaos a 10-12 dgr cgrad cold sor. DO S & DON TS Harvs h crop, wh h wahr s mos. Cou rrgao wo wks bfor dhaulmg. Nglc brusg ad skg of ubrs durg harvsg. Dry h harvsd ubrs op su. Expos poao o lgh. Mx h damagd ad dsasd ubrs bfor sorg. Sor h maurd wh mmaur ubrs. Sor abov 2-4 dgr cgrad cold sor f sproug o dsrd. Sor poaos a 10-12 dgr cgrad cold sor whou usg sprou hbors.
Pag 8 of 8 T Y P I C A L Q U A L I T Y C R I T E R I A F O R T A B L E P O T A T O POTATO BABY Produc Ohr Nams Vary Varas Color Vsual Apparac Shap Ssory Sz Dsasd Rog Isc fsd Cus/Cracks Nods Brusg Prssur Damagd Ms-shapd Wary Spos Scab Black Scurf Gr Spos Shrvld/loos Chppd POTATO Poao (Domsc us) Aloo (Hd), Alu gadd (Kaada), Urulla(Taml), Urulagaddah (Tlugu) varous Poao, Poao Frsh, Poao Mupolam, Poao Shmla, Poao Haldwa ad Poao baby. As pr vary Cla ad frm Apparac Roud/oblog as pr h vary Hard, frm, whou sprous ad fr from vsual dfcs. Larg / Prmum - Da > 61 mm Mdum / Ecoomy - Da 45 60mm Small - Da 30-44 mm Poao Baby < 30mm Srous dfcs Ay fco causd by vrus, bacra ad fug. Blgh ad Black har Ro du o fugal ad bacral fco Ay ubr wh sc / borr fco Ohr Dfcs Ay dp cu/crack. Mor ha 2 ods. Brusd marks covrg > 5 % surfac ara. Prssur damag > 5 sq mm ara. Badly Ms-shapd or doubls. Wary spos o surfac. Major Scab hols. Black scurf o surfac covrg > 10%ara. Gr spo covrg > 20 Sq mm ara. Shrvld/loos xur (Dhydrad). Ay ubr wh chppd surfac Sorag Codos Idd Us Tmpraur RH (%) Sd 2.4 C 95 Tabl 7 C 98 Procssg 8-12 C 95