Usability Evaluation of Modeling Languages Bearbeitet von Christian Schalles 1. Auflage 2012. Taschenbuch. XXIII, 183 S. Paperback ISBN 978 3 658 00050 9 Format (B x L): 0 x 0 cm Gewicht: 275 g Weitere Fachgebiete > EDV, Informatik > Software Engineering > Modellierung, UML, SysML schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.
Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Abstract List of Figures List of Tables VII XI XIII XXI XXIII I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Motivation... 3 1.2. Research Question... 4 1.3. Structure... 6 2. Background of Software and Business Process Modeling 9 2.1. General Concept of Modeling... 9 2.2. History of Conceptual Modeling... 11 2.3. Terms and Definitions in the Modeling Domain... 14 2.4. Abstraction Layers... 15 2.5. Modeling in Software Engineering... 16 2.5.1. UML 2.0 Activity Diagrams... 18 2.5.2. UML 2.0 Use Case Diagrams... 20 2.5.3. UML 2.0 Class Diagrams... 21 2.6. Business Process Modeling... 23 2.6.1. Event Driven Process Chains... 24 2.6.2. Business Process Modeling Notation 2.0 (BPMN)... 27 2.7. Similarities between different Modeling Concepts... 28 2.8. Chapter Conclusion... 29
XVI Contents 3. Background Theories 31 3.1. Communication Theory... 31 3.2. Activity Theory... 32 3.3. Cognitive Theories... 34 3.3.1. Cognitive Load Theory... 35 3.3.2. Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning... 37 3.3.3. Perception Theory... 38 II. EVALUATION FRAMEWORK AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 41 4. A Framework for Usability Evaluation of Modeling Languages (FUEML) 43 4.1. Usability and Modeling Languages: The Status Quo in Research... 43 4.2. Usability Attributes for Modeling Languages... 45 4.2.1. Heterogeneous Usability Definitions... 46 4.2.2. Defining User Scenarios... 47 4.2.3. Extracting appropriate Usability Attributes for Modeling Languages.. 48 4.3. Developing Usability Metrics... 50 4.3.1. Effectiveness... 51 4.3.2. Efficiency... 51 4.3.3. Learnability... 52 4.3.4. Memorability... 53 4.3.5. User Satisfaction... 58 4.3.6. Visual Perceptibility... 61 4.3.7. Prior Knowledge... 61 4.4. Defining usability-influencing Metaproperties of Modeling Languages... 62 4.4.1. Visual Properties... 62 4.4.2. Language Complexity... 64 4.5. The FUEML Framework... 66 4.6. Conclusion... 68 5. Developing a Generic Metric For Measuring Model Complexity 69 5.1. Overview of related Complexity Measures in Literature... 70 5.1.1. Lines of Code... 70 5.1.2. Halstead s Software Science... 70 5.1.3. Cyclomatic Complexity... 71 5.1.4. Structure Metrics... 71 5.2. Size... 71 5.3. Semantic Spread... 72 5.4. Connectivity... 72 5.5. Generic Complexity Metric... 73
Contents XVII 5.6. Evaluation of the developed Complexity Metric... 74 5.7. Conclusion... 76 6. Comparing the Usability of Graphical Modeling Languages Using FUEML 79 6.1. Underlying Hypotheses... 79 6.2. Survey Design and Data Collection... 82 6.2.1. Measurement Scales... 83 6.2.2. Sample... 84 6.3. Data Analysis... 84 6.3.1. Normal Distribution... 85 6.3.2. Interaction Effects... 86 6.3.3. Missing Data... 86 6.3.4. Methodology of the Data Analysis... 87 6.3.5. Hypotheses Testing... 89 6.4. Discussion... 90 6.5. Implications... 92 6.5.1. Modeling in Education... 93 6.5.2. Modeling Language Development... 93 6.5.3. Business Process Modeling... 94 6.6. Conclusion... 94 7. Using Structural Equation Modeling in Usability Research 95 7.1. Structural Equation Modeling... 95 7.1.1. Fundamentals of Structural Equation Modeling... 95 7.1.2. Assumptions of Structural Equation Modeling... 97 7.1.3. Alternative SEM calculation techniques: LISREL versus PLS... 98 7.2. A Methodology for Applying SEM in Usability Research... 99 7.2.1. Operationalization of Usability for SEM-Use... 100 7.2.1.1. Definition of Attributes defining Usability... 100 7.2.1.2. Measurement of Usability Attributes... 100 7.2.2. Developing a Structural Model... 102 7.2.3. Assessing Model Quality... 103 7.3. Conclusion... 104 8. Impact of Metaproperties on the Usability of Graphical Modeling Languages107 8.1. Model Development Scenarios... 108 8.1.1. Hypotheses for Model Development Scenarios... 109 8.1.2. Research Methodology... 112 8.1.2.1. Data Collection... 112 8.1.2.2. Measurement Scales... 113 8.1.2.3. Pretest... 115
XVIII Contents 8.1.3. Data Analysis and Results... 117 8.1.3.1. Validity and Reliability... 117 8.1.3.2. Missing Data... 117 8.1.3.3. Testing the Measurement Model... 118 8.1.3.4. Testing the Structural Model... 118 8.1.4. Analyzing Causal Paths in the Research Model... 121 8.1.5. Total Effects of Metaproperties... 122 8.1.6. Discussion for Model Development Scenarios... 123 8.2. Model Interpretation Scenarios... 124 8.2.1. Hypotheses for Model Interpretation Scenarios... 124 8.2.2. Research Methodology... 127 8.2.2.1. Data Collection... 127 8.2.2.2. Measurement Scales... 128 8.2.3. Data Analysis and Results... 128 8.2.3.1. Validity and Reliability... 128 8.2.3.2. Missing Data... 130 8.2.3.3. Testing the Measurement Model... 130 8.2.3.4. Testing the Structural Model... 131 8.2.4. Analyzing Causal Paths in the Research Model... 132 8.2.5. Total Effects of Metaproperties... 134 8.2.6. Discussion for Model Interpretation Scenarios... 135 III. RESUME OF THE EMPIRICAL RESULTS 137 9. Further Processing of the Empirical Results 139 9.1. Dimensions of Modeling... 139 9.2. Target Conflict of Modeling... 140 9.3. Adoption of the Modeling Process... 141 9.4. Recommendations for Future Improvement of graphical Modeling Languages. 142 9.5. Developing a Management Decision Framework... 144 10.Principles for Future Development of graphical Modeling Languages 147 10.1. Principle of Semiotic Clarity... 147 10.2. Principle of Visual Discriminability... 148 10.3. Principle of Semantic Transparency... 148 10.4. Principle of Complexity Management... 148 10.5. Principle of Visual Expressiveness... 149 10.6. Principle of Dual Coding... 149 10.7. Principle of Graphic Economy... 149 10.8. Principle of Cognitive Fit... 150
Contents XIX IV. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK 151 11.Conclusion 153 11.1. The FUEML Evaluation Framework... 153 11.2. The Empirical Section... 155 11.3. General Findings of this Thesis... 156 11.4. Threats to External Validity... 157 12.Outlook 159 A. Appendix (online supplement) 161 Bibliography 163 Nomenclature 179 Glossary 181