CLCF /Chatham House Workshop: Energy Storage - The Next Disruptive Technology Professor Yulong Ding Birmingham Centre of Energy Storage University of Birmingham Email: y.ding@bham.ac.uk BCCES
Electricity sector in China 819GW (71%) 77.2% 2.3% Agriculture 13GW (1%) 15GW 74.7% Industry 249GW (22%) 63GW (5%) Pumped Hydro Storage 22.8% 10.7% Commercial 7GW (1%) 12.2% Domestic West Inner Mongolia Electrical Grid 46.7GW (Coal 33.73GW, Wind -11.04GW, Solar - 1.3GW, Hydro - 0.56GW)
Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) in China Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) Installation in China is around 15GW to the year 2010 China s 12 th Five-Year Plan on Energy Development aims at PHS Installation of 30GW by 2015 Huang and Zheng, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (2009) 1652 1656
Urgent needs for storage capacity in China Storage demand in China is around 250GW in 2050 Total potential capacity of PHS in China is around 127GW There is a gap of some 125GW for other storage technologies Wind Power distribution PHS distribution Annual utilisation hours of wind mill Jilin Province: 1610 Western Inner Mongolia: 1829 Eastern Inner Mongolia: 1863 Gansu Province: 1824 Jiangsu Province: 1849 About 10bn kwh of wind power across China went to waste in 2012, the number increased to approximately 20bn kwh in both 2012 and 2013
Other energy storage technologies in China Priorities (National Programmes - 12 th Five-Year Plan of 2011-2015) Batteries; Flow batteries; Compressed Air Energy Storage; Thermal Energy Storage; Power to gas / Hydrogen Electrochemical based energy storage (e.g. batteries) R&D has been dominating Flow batteries R&D have been world leading Attention started on compressed air and thermal energy storage R&D (e.g. Recent National 973 and 863 calls) Little done in the whole system analyses, policy and economic aspects Current situation across the world
Energy storage R&D in China: Overview Basic research on Energy storage mainly done in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and a few other research institutes and Universities, with the national R&D team in CAS playing the major role Compressed air, flow batteries, sodium sulphur batteries, flywheel, thermal energy storage, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, superconducting magnetic, etc.
Energy storage R&D in China: NaS Batteries Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences NaS research just second to NGK, Japan
Energy storage R&D in China: Flow batteries Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences and its spin-out Rongke Power: Vanadium Flow Batteries Other organisations working on flow batteries: Prudent Energy, Central South University; Tsinghua University; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Institute of Chemical Defence; China EPRI; Anshan RXPE,
Energy storage R&D in China: Compressed air energy storage Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in collaboration with Institute of Process Engineering of CAS Other organisations working on compressed energy storage: Beijing University of Technology; Nanjing University of Technology; Inner Mongolia Power Group; Shuangliang Group;
Energy storage R&D in China: Thermal energy storage Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences in collaboration with University of Leeds through a joint Institute (2010 2013) 2010 Materials screen methodology established; 2011 over 10 formulations obtained for 100 1000 o C applications; 2012 scale-up work to 1 ton/day achieved 2010 Thermal energy management system research started; 2012 Version 1.0 in use; 2014 Integrated software package available 2010 Modular heat exchange concept proposed; 2011 Modular concept verified at small scale; 2012 MW system designed and fabrication started; 2013 2MW units demonstration 2012-45kW, 1GJ system (80-600 o C); 2012 TES research platform established; 2013-200kW, 10GJ system (80-600 o C); 2014 2MW, 200GJ system (150 1000 o C) Other organisations working on thermal energy storage: Beijing University of Technology; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Guangzhou Institute of Thermal Energy; Tongji University, Tsignhua University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Zhongshan University; Xi an Jiao Tong University;
Energy storage: Commercial companies, professional bodies and alliances National and International energy storage conferences Learned journals on energy storage created A learned society of Energy storage Engineering launched with its first national energy storage conference to be held in October 2014
Energy storage: demonstration & commercial validation NAS battery system: 100KW/800KWh Jiading, Shanghai VRB testing system: 520kW/1000kWh Dalian, Liaoning Province VRB based renewable station 100kW Chengde, Heibei Province TES system 45KW / 1GJ Changshu, Jiangsu Province SMES system 1MJ/0.5MVA Baiyin, Gansu province Flywheel testing system 100kW/1kWh Beijing
Energy storage: demonstration & commercial validation China Southern Grid: The first largest battery energy storage station in China, the first commercial megawatt-level, grid-connected Iron-phosphate (Fe) battery storage station in the world
Energy storage: demonstration & commercial validation State Grid: Battery energy storage system to enable interactive management of the electric power grid in Zhangbei, Herbei Province for 100WM wind, and 40MW PV. 20MW of batteries: 1) Lithium iron phosphate battery by BYD Auto (6MW/36MWh), Amperex Technology (4MW/16MWh), China Aviation Lithium Battery Ltd. (3MW/9MWh) and Wanxiang Group (1MW/2MWh ) 2) Sodium-Sulfur battery: NGK (4MW/24MWh); 3) Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Prudent Energy (2MW/8MWh). Planned commission date: 2011 First phase investment: $500M
Energy storage: demonstration & commercial validation News on 1 March 2013 Changsha City of Hunan Province Corun New Energy Ltd. and GE Inc. signed an agreement to establish the first national micro-grid new energy storage and energy saving demonstration base in Changsha National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone covering an area of 29.3 hectares initial investment of 3 billion RMB ( 300M) micro-grid system tailored for energy storage in city buildings (distributed power supply, storage system, energy saving system and electric power load protection device)
UK-China collaboration in energy storage CAS RAEng joint workshops Whiterose University Consortium - Global Partnership UoL-IPE Joint Research Institute Centre for Low Carbon Futures EPSRC UK-China Energy Storage Collaborative Projects UK side 5M (5 projects)
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