Inspection and Rehabilitation

Inspection and Rehabilitation

Moffatt & Nichol, internationally recognized experts in waterfront structural engineering and marine design, provides clients with engineering services directed towards the extension of service life. The focus of these efforts is on existing marine structures, bridges and other engineered structures for port, military, and transportation clients. The firm offers service life/durability modeling capabilities to provide significant added value to projects. Services are performed by registered engineers and engineer-divers who understand the structural significance of observed degradation and damage. The result is effective assessments and engineered solutions for cost-conscious clients. The recommendations are commonly translated into construction projects resulting in rehabilitation and/or facility modernization.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Above Water Inspection 2 Below Water Inspection 4 Material Sampling and Testing 6 Service Life Modeling 7 Bridge Inspection 8 Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering Design 9 Construction Phase Services 10 Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action 11 Inspection and Rehabilitation - a Global Practice 16 Inspection and Rehabilitation

Above Water Inspection Moffatt & Nichol personnel approach each inspection and rehabilitation project with a solid methodical and analytical engineering-based process. Experienced in a wide variety of structures and diverse environments, the company is well equipped to carry out inspections from simple, straightforward tasks to more intricate projects that require complex material sampling and testing regimens. Inspection of structures requires a safe, well thought-out approach, particularly in difficult-access scenarios commonly found underneath pier and bridge structures; with in-roadway inspection; and other hard-to-access locations. Services include concrete degradation surveys; above and below deck inspection of piers, wharves and bridges; material sampling and testing; excavation and testing of buried structures; inspection of mechanical and electrical utilities; and cathodic protection system inspection. Hard-to-access Structures Confined-space entry and bridge snoopers are commonly used during inspection Below Deck Inspection Using a manlift to perform underdeck inspection portion of field notes shown below Navy Pier Rehabilitation, Unified Port of San Diego 2

Above Water Inspection Above and below deck inspection of piers, wharves and bridges Corrosion-related concrete damage surveys Manlift for access to timber pier Hands-on inspection and testing of structural members Documenting below deck damage Material sampling/mooring hardware inspection Excavation and testing of buried structures Extracting concrete cores for petrographic analysis Inspection of mooring hardware and foundations Inspection of mechanical and electrical utilities Inspection of tierods and deadman structures Excavating to expose a closed-cell steel sheet pile cofferdam Examination of cathodic protection systems Typical utilities include steam, compressed air, waste water, potable water, oily waste, electrical switchgear and transformers Inspection and assessment of coatings and life-cycle performance of steel structures in the marine environment Inspection and Rehabilitation 3

Below Water Inspection Below water structural engineering inspections are conducted with a dual emphasis - safe diving operations and the placement of experienced structural engineers in the marine environment. Moffatt & Nichol maintains a team of more than 40 strategically-located engineer-divers, ready to respond to below water inspection assignments throughout the U. S. and around the globe. LEVEL I INSPECTION General reconnaisance ( swim-by ) of structure The firm s personnel perform dive operations with a careful assessment of safety, environmental and task requirements in a wide variety of above and below water climatic conditions, including limited visibility (turbid water), currents, confined conditions and extremely cold water. Moffatt & Nichol maintains strategically located dive vessels and support craft to enable personnel to gain access to most operational facilities. Below water inspections are conducted in strict accordance with the firm s in-house Safe Diving and Vessel Operations Manual. Moffatt & Nichol is certified by the Association of Diving Contractors International (ADCI) and performs diving operations in compliance with ADCI, OSHA and Army Corps of Engineer requirements. Engineer-Divers Moffatt & Nichol places engineers in the water to evaluate engineering problems. The firm s divers have the expertise, equipment and experience to safely inspect and assess submerged structures. These inspections produce innovative repairs leading to rehabilitation and extension of service life of vital infrastructure. Below Water inspection work is based upon The American Society of Civil Engineers Standard Practice Manual No. 101, Underwater Investigations. Three Moffatt & Nichol principals were contributing authors. LEVEL II INSPECTION Close visual examination (removal of marine growth) of structural elements LEVEL III INSPECTION Material sampling and/or testing 4

Below Water Inspection Moffatt & Nichol s engineer-divers routinely perform inspections of piers and wharves; seawalls and bulkheads; graving docks; cable arrays and ranges; rock structures (revetments and breakwaters); marinas; debris surveys; outfalls; and miscellaneous marine facilities. Timber Structures Concrete Structures Steel Structures Timber pile remnant after marine borer attack. Remnants of a hollow pre-stressed concrete pile damaged by delayed ettringite formation. Uneven corrosion pattern on steel H-pile. Debris Survey Portion of demolished ship superstructure located as part of a debris survey. Locating steel beams, cable and rope to be removed prior to sheet pile installation Inspection and Rehabilitation 5

Material Sampling and Testing The effect of the marine environment on structural materials can be harsh and unforgiving. The service life and structural capacity of elements composed of reinforced concrete, structural steel, timber, and composites are affected by limited inspection and lack of routine maintenance. Moffatt & Nichol s engineers are highly skilled in the above and below water sampling, testing and assessment of materials. This Inspection and Rehabilitation (I&R) skillset, coupled with structural engineering expertise, allows for the evaluation and diagnosis of material degradation - ultimately resulting in innovative rehabilitation schemes aimed at maintaining or increasing load capacity; extension of service life; and return-on-investment. Sampling and testing techniques include: Concrete core sampling compressive strength testing chloride ion testing petrographic analysis scanning electron microscopy concrete chemistry transport properties corrosion mapping (ASTM C-876) reinforcing bar location and concrete cover readings corrosion damage assessment reinforcing bar sampling and testing corrosion rate measurement Structural Steel ultrasonic thickness measurements coating evaluations half-cell potential measurements coupon extraction and testing cathodic protection system inspection and evaluation Timber dissolved oxygen testing core sampling creosote retention wood type / property / strength testing 6

Service Life Modeling Moffatt & Nichol uses Stadium, a service life prediction modeling software, as a design tool. This validated software achieves a reliable and quantifiable estimate of service life for new concrete infrastructure and the remaining service life of existing structures. Tailored design recommendations can be produced to suit clients needs, assuring optimum return on their investments. Using state-of-the art inspection and forensic techniques, Moffatt & Nichol can reliably forecast future performance of a given concrete structure. Stadium software combines the ion migration of chlorides with solid phase concrete degradation mechanisms. Through field sampling and laboratory testing, existing and potential degradation mechanisms can be identified, and intervention alternatives determined. These tools supplement detailed condition assessments and help predict service life, allowing life cycle costing of future maintenance and repairs that meet client expectations. This work typically involves: Field Sample Collection and Testing coring for chloride ion sampling corrosion measurements coring for petrographic analysis coring for transport properties Laboratory Testing chloride ion testing petrographic / scanning electron microscopy concrete transport properties Deterioration Mechanisms chloride ion - induced corrosion carbonation - induced corrosion external sulfate attack delayed ettringite formation Identification of Intervention Alternatives sealants cathodic protection system internal coatings external coatings / jackets / wraps chloride extraction Drying test apparatus Typical screen menu from STADIUM service life modeling software Inspection and Rehabilitation 7

Bridge Inspection Fort Madison Bridge, IA Moffatt & Nichol provides bridge inspection services to the U. S. Navy, numerous departments of Transportation (DOTs) and other infrastructure owners. This work typically involves aspects of above and below water inspection; material sampling and testing; and specific inspection related to fracturecritical members and bridge scour. The firm has numerous engineering personnel holding National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) certification as Inspection Team Leader as developed by the National Highway Institute. This work is often accomplished in association with Moffatt & Nichol s well-established Transportation Practice the firm having developed significant experience in bridge design throughout the United States and internationally as represented by landmark projects such as San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge and Virginia Dare Bridge. Admiral Clarey Bridge to Ford Island, Pearl Harbor, HI Highway 24 Bridge over the Columbia River, WA Shockoe Bottom Viaduct, Richmond, VA Use of bridge snooper for below deck inspection 8

Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering Design O nce Moffatt & Nichol engineer-diver personnel have established the above and below water condition of a structure, and have overseen any necessary follow-on material sampling and testing, the same personnel are in a position to prepare reports, plans, specifications and cost estimates (PS&E) for execution of repairs. These repairs are made on the basis of facility sustainment, rehabilitation or modernization. State-of-the-art PS&Es are prepared by the same engineer-divers that performed investigations. These qualified personnel are in a unique position to expertly and efficiently translate findings and deliver cost-effective PS&E - ensuring that nothing is lost in the process. These materials can be used for soliciting construction services to execute the work in either conventional design-bid-build or design-build procurement methods. Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering Design Services include: structural repair - timber/steel/concrete complete facility rehabilitation / modernization structural analysis / load capacity of existing structures (pile-supported structures, cranes/ forklifts and mooring hardware) berthing and mooring analysis (mooring hardware load-testing) preparation of design/build RFP solicitation packages existing facility assessment Inspection and Rehabilitation 9

Rail Construction Phase Services The repair methodology that is developed after the inspection process involves the application of unique processes in adverse locations and environments. This work is typically associated with above and below water construction often in response to fluctuating tidal and weather conditions. The same personnel that are responsible for the inspection, assessment and design of repairs supervise the rehabilitation process. Moffatt & Nichol engineer-divers routinely monitor the progress and quality of contractor efforts in the field to verify that the work is in compliance with the plans and specifications, removing uncertainty from the construction process. Efforts are made to ensure economical use of unit-price materials and protection of the environment resulting in effective repairs designed to extend the service life of the structure. This work may involve: confined space entry below water inspection night-time tide-related observation rapid deployment of engineer-divers quick response to emergent conditions general construction observation Inspection of concrete repair and restoration is a specialty of the firm and includes: mark-out of concrete repair areas measurement of demolition and repair quantities 28-day follow-on inspection 10

Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action Rail Partial List of Clients US Navy US Coast Guard City of Norfolk Port of Los Angeles The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey Port of Long Beach Port of San Diego Port of Seattle North Carolina State Port Authority Port Metro Vancouver Port of Tacoma Tampa Port Authority The projects illustrated on the following pages showcase facilities where the Moffatt & Nichol Inspection and Rehabilitation process has been successfully implemented Georgia Port Authority Philadelphia Regional Port Authority New York City Economic Development Corporation Washington State Department of Transportation ExxonMobil ConocoPhillips BP Chevron British Gas, Tunisia Kuşadasi Port, Turkey Atlantic LNG, Trinidad Inspection and Rehabilitation 11

Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action Repair, Rehabilitation & Preservation I&R Services Extends Service Life of Port of San Diego s 10th Avenue Marine Terminal Project highlights included: engineer-divers materials testing engineering reports plans specifications and cost estimates construction period services concrete placed below water using anti-washout mixture The Port of San Diego s 10th Avenue Marine Terminal was constructed in 1956 by placing a mass rock and concrete wall (cyclopean seawall) to retain a 96-acre land mass. Forty years later, the seawall was found to be severely compromised with 3 4 ton rocks falling out of the face - creating large voids. Moffatt & Nichol Blaylock engineer-divers performed Inspection & Rehabilitation services to define the problem, assess the severity, develop the solution, and monitor the construction. This $16 million award-winning project was completed six months ahead of schedule and $1 million under budget. The I&R-based engineering solution resulted in a 50 year extension of service life as opposed to costly demolition and replacement. 10 9 Repair Process 11 8 5 6 7 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Drill 20 diameter hole Drive 30 long steel H-pile Form and place below water concrete Remove marine growth Set steel sheet pile Drill and place steel wale Place cementitious backfill Form and cast concrete cap Place new foam-filled fenders Dredge to -42.0 MLLW Place closed-cell concrete mat 12 Inspection and Rehabilitation 13

Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action Repair, Rehabilitation & Preservation New Deck Approach Rehabilitates World War II-Era Piers 1, 3, 4 and 5 at Naval Base San Diego 4 3 5 1 Repair existing pile cap and piles The Naval Facilities Engineering Command had scheduled Pier 1 for conventional cut and patch concrete repairs. This was done to address extensive reinforcing steel corrosion-related damage and general deterioration of the facility. Moffatt & Nichol performed above and below water field investigations and, after preliminary engineering analysis, proposed an alternate engineering solution that consisted of the following: 2 1 6 2 3 4 Abandon existing concrete deck and beams Place new pile cap dowels Remove existing top side utilities. Place new concrete deck Pier 4 Before Rehabilitation of substructure (piling and pile caps) Construction of new reinforced concrete deck (on top of the old deck) Improvement of pier deck load capacity for mobile truck cranes Upgrade of utility services (steam, potable water, compressed air, waste water and electrical). Upgrade of mooring hardware and fender systems Repair Process 5 6 Install new electrical/ mechanical utilities Place new fender systems The result of this process was the modernization of mission critical pier facilities with extended service life at a fraction of the cost associated with demolition and construction of new piers. Pier 4 After repair inspection new deck 14 Inspection and Rehabilitation 15

Inspection and Rehabilitation, A Global Practice Moffatt & Nichol engineer-divers are strategically located to mobilize on a local or global basis Marine Oil Terminal, Clifton Ridge, Lake Charles, LA LNG Facility, Cove Point, MD Embarcadero Facilities, Unified Port of San Diego, CA Pearl Harbor, HI LNG Dock, Tunisia Victor Wharf, Guam 16 June 2010

Corporate Office: 3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 750 Long Beach, California 90806 phone: 562-590-6500 fax: 562-590-6512 www.moffattnichol.com