CLOUD COMPUTING Mr. Dhananjay Kakade CSIT, CHINCHWAD, Mr Giridhar Gundre CSIT College Chinchwad Abstract: Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth. Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: "Application" "Storage" and "Connectivity." Each segment serves a different Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. These services are broadly divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a- Service (IAAS), Platform-as-a-Service (PAAS) and Software-as-a-Service (SAAS). The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol purpose and offers different products for businesses and individuals around the world. A cloud can be private or public. A public cloud sells services to anyone on the Internet. (Currently, Amazon Web Services is the largest public cloud provider.) A private cloud is a proprietary network or a data center that supplies hosted services to a limited number of people. When a service provider uses public cloud resources to create their private cloud, the result is called a virtual private cloud. Private or public, the goal of cloud computing is to provide easy, scalable access to computing resources and IT services. A simple example of cloud computing is Yahoo email, Gmail, or Hotmail etc. You don t need software or a server to use them. All a consumer would need is just an internet connection and you can start sending emails. The server and email management software is all on the cloud (internet) and is totally managed by the cloud service provider Yahoo, Google etc. Cloud computing is basically an Internet-based network made up of large numbers of servers mostly based on open standards modular and inexpensive. Clouds contain vast amounts of information and provide a variety of services to large numbers of people. The benefits of cloud computing are Reduced Data Leakage. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Data Centers, Utility Computing, Virtualization, IAAS, PAAS, SAAS. Introduction:- The 21st Century Vision of Computing The advancement of modern society, basic essential services (utilities) are commonly provided such that everyone can easily obtain access to them. Today, utility services, such as water, electricity, gas, and telephony are deemed necessary for fulfilling daily life routines. These utility services are accessed so frequently that they need to be available whenever the consumer requires them at any time. Consumers are then able to pay service providers based on their usage of these utility services. 1
The creation of the Internet has marked the foremost milestone towards achieving this grand 21st century vision of computer utilities by forming a worldwide system of computer networks that enables individual computers to communicate with any other computers located elsewhere in the world. This internetworking of standalone computers reveals the promising potential of utilizing seemingly endless amount of distributed computing resources owned by various owners. As such, over the recent years, new computing paradigms (shown in Figure 1) have been proposed and adopted to edge closer toward achieving this grand vision. Today, the latest paradigm to emerge is that of Cloud computing which promises reliable services delivered through next-generation data centers that are built on virtualized compute and storage technologies. Consumers will be able to access applications and data from a Cloud anywhere in the world on demand. The consumers are assured that the Cloud infrastructure is very robust and will always be available at any time. Computing services need to be highly reliable, scalable, and autonomic to support ubiquitous access, dynamic discovery. In particular, consumers indicate the required service level through Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, which are noted in SLAs established with providers. Of all these paradigms, the recently emerged Cloud computing paradigm appears to be the most promising one to leverage and build on the developments from other paradigms Fig 1 Vision of Cloud Computing Cloud Computing is a style of computing which must cater to the following computing needs: 1. Dynamism 2. Abstraction 3. Resource Sharing Dynamism Your business is growing exponentially. Your computing need & usage is getting bigger with every passing day. Would you add servers & other hard wares to meet the new demand? Assume, Recession is back & your business is losing customers. The servers & hardware s you added during last quarter s peak season is now idle. Will you sale them? Demand keeps on changing based on world/regional. 2
Abstraction Your business should focus on your core competency & should not worry about security, OS, software platform, updates and patches etc. Leave these chores to your provider. From an end users perspective, you don t need to care for the OS, the plug-ins, web security or the software platform. Everything should be in place without any worry. Resource Sharing Resource Sharing is the beauty of Cloud Computing. This is the concept which helps the cloud providers to attain optimum utilization of resources. Say, a company dealing in gifts may require more server resources during festive season. A company dealing in Payroll management may require more resources during the end or beginning of the month Cloud Layers:- 1. Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS) 2. Platform as a Service (PAAS) 3. Software as a Service (SAAS) Fig 2 Cloud Layers Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IAAS): Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IAAS) like Amazon Web Services provides virtual servers with unique IP addresses and blocks of storage on demand. Customers benefit from an API from which they can control their servers. Because customers can pay for exactly the amount of service they use, like for electricity or water, this service is also called utility computing. Platform-as-a-Service (PAAS): Platform-as-a-Service (PAAS) is a set of software and development tools hosted on the provider's servers. Developers can create applications using the provider's APIs. Google Apps is one of the most famous Platform-as-a-Service providers. Developers should take notice that there aren't any interoperability standards (yet), so some providers may not allow you to take your application and put it on another platform. Software-as-a-Service (SAAS): Software-as-a-Service (SAAS) is the broadest market. In this case the provider allows the customer only to use its applications. The software interacts with the user through a user interface. These applications can be anything from web based email, to applications like Twitter 3
Server Virtualization: Virtualization is a method of running multiple independent virtual operating systems on a single physical computer. Virtualization, in computing, is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, a storage device or network resources. A virtual organization is a collection of people and resources that work in a coordinated way to achieve a common goal. To use grid facilities, any user must subscribe to a virtual organization as a member. Each people or resource can be a member of more virtual organizations at the same time and each virtual organization can contain people or resources belonging to different administration domains. Server virtualization is the masking of server resources, including the number and identity of individual physical servers, processors, and operating systems, from server users. The server administrator uses a software application to divide one physical server into multiple isolated virtual environments. The virtual environments are sometimes called virtual private server. Virtual machines are based on the host/guest paradigm. Each guest runs on a virtual imitation of the hardware layer. This approach allows the guest operating system to run without modifications. It also allows the administrator to create guests that use different operating systems. Fig 3 Server Virtualization 4
Types of Cloud: Fig4 Types of Cloud computing Private Cloud: Private clouds describe offerings that deploy cloud computing on private network. it consists of application or virtual machines in a company's own set of hosts. they provide the benefits of utility computing, shared hardware costs the ability to recover from failure and the ability to scale up or down depending upon demand. Public cloud: A Public cloud is one based on the standard cloud computing model, in which a service provider makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general public over the Internet. Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model.public or external cloud computing where resources are dynamically provisioned on a finegrained self -service basis over the internet or via and from an offsite third -party provider who bills on a fine -grained basis. Hybrid Cloud: Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. It can also be defined as multiple cloud systems that are connected in a way that allows programs and data to be a moved easily from one deployment system to another. Characteristics /Capability of Clouds Economic Aspects Cost Reduction Pay Per Use Improved time to Market Going Green ROI Technical Aspects Virtualization Multi Tenancy Security/Privacy Data Management 5
Future Opportunity: Towards global cloud ecosystems New business models and expert systems Green it Open source cloud ware Conclusion: Cloud computing is a new and promising paradigm delivering IT services as computing utilities. As Clouds are designed to provide services to external users, providers need to be compensated for sharing their resources and capabilities. In this paper, we have proposed architecture for market-oriented allocation of resources within Clouds. We have also presented a vision for the creation of global Cloud exchange for trading services. References: [1] L. Kleinrock. A vision for the Internet. ST Journal of Research, 2(1):4-5, Nov. 2005. [2] I. Foster and C. Kesselman (eds). The Grid: Blueprint for a Future Computing Infrastructure. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, USA, 1999. [3] Rajkumar Buyya, Srikumar Venugopal Cloud Computing and Emerging IT Platforms: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering Computing as the 5th Utility 6